3574 results about "Diversity scheme" patented technology

Exploiting the substantive reciprocity of internode channel responses through dynamic, adaptive modification of receive and transmit weights, enables locally enabled global optimization of a multipoint, wireless electromagnetic communications network of communication nodes. Each diversity-channel-capable node uses computationally efficient exploitation of pilot tone data and diversity-adaptive signal processing of the weightings and the signal to further convey optimization and channel information which promote local and thereby network-global efficiency. The preferred embodiment performs complex digital signal manipulation that includes a linear combining and linear distribution of the transmit and receive weights, the generation of piloting signals containing origination and destination node information, as well as interference-avoiding pseudorandom delay timing, and both symbol and multitione encoding, to gain the benefit of substantive orthogonality at the physical level without requiring actual substantive orthogonality at the physical level.

Transmitter and receiver units for use in a communications system and configurable to provide antenna, frequency, or temporal diversity, or a combination thereof, for transmitted signals. The transmitter unit includes a system data processor, one or more modulators, and one or more antennas. The system data processor receives and partitions an input data stream into a number of channel data streams and further processes the channel data streams to generate one or more modulation symbol vector streams. Each modulation symbol vector stream includes a sequence of modulation symbol vectors representative of data in one or more channel data streams. Each modulator receives and modulates a respective modulation symbol vector stream to provide an RF modulated signal, and each antenna receives and transmits a respective RF modulated signal. Each modulator may include an inverse (fast) Fourier transform (IFFT) and a cyclic prefix generator. The IFFT generates time-domain representations of the modulation symbol vectors, and the cyclic prefix generator repeats a portion of the time-domain representation of each modulation symbol vector. The channel data streams are modulated using multi-carrier modulation, e.g., OFDM modulation. Time division multiplexing (TDM) may also be used to increase flexibility.

Exploiting the substantive reciprocity of internode channel responses through dynamic, adaptive modification of receive and transmit weights, enables locally enabled global optimization of a multipoint, wireless electromagnetic communications network of communication nodes. Each diversity-channel-capable node uses computationally efficient exploitation of pilot tone data and diversity-adaptive signal processing of the weightings and the signal to further convey optimization and channel information which promote local and thereby network-global efficiency. The preferred embodiment performs complex digital signal manipulation that includes a linear combining and linear distribution of the transmit and receive weights, the generation of piloting signals containing origination and destination node information, as well as interference-avoiding pseudorandom delay timing, and both symbol and multitone encoding, to gain the benefit of substantive orthogonality at the physical level without requiring actual substantive orthogonality at the physical level.

An adaptable orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system (OFDM) that uses a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) to having OFDM signals transmitted either in accordance with time diversity to reducing signal fading or in accordance with spatial diversity to increase the data rate. Sub-carriers are classified for spatial diversity transmission or for time diversity transmission based on the result of a comparison between threshold values and at least one of three criteria. The criteria includes a calculation of a smallest eigen value of a frequency channel response matrix and a smallest element of a diagonal of the matrix and a ratio of the largest and smallest eigen values of the matrix.

The present invention provides a compact antenna system having multiple antennas exhibiting polarization and pattern diversity. The system comprises at least two antennas which may have different polarizations, operatively coupled to a passive element which operates as a Balun for a first antenna and which is configured to absorb and re-radiate electromagnetic radiation from the second antenna to produce a desired radiation pattern. The present invention also provides for additional antennas operatively coupled to the passive element or to the first antenna to provide additional diversity.

A wireless communication system transmits data on multiple carriers simultaneously to provide frequency diversity. Carrier interference causes a narrow pulse in the time domain when the relative phases of the multiple carriers are zero. Selection of the frequency separation and phases of the carriers controls the timing of the pulses. Both time division of the pulses and frequency division of the carriers achieves multiple access. Carrier interferometry is a basis from which other communication protocols can be derived. Frequency hopping and frequency shifting of the carriers does not change the pulse envelope if the relative frequency separation and phases between the carriers are preserved. Direct sequence CDMA signals are generated in the time domain by a predetermined selection of carrier amplitudes. Each pulse can be sampled in different phase spaces at different times. This enables communication in phase spaces that are not detectable by conventional receivers. The time-dependent phase relationship of the carriers provides automatic scanning of a beam pattern transmitted by an antenna array. In waveguide communications, the carrier frequencies and phase space may be matched to the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber to increase the capacity of the fiber.

A base transceiver station operating a sectorized cell of a cellular radio system operates a plurality of narrow uplink main receive beams, and one or a plurality of uplink diversity received beams. A scanning means scans each of the uplink main receive beams to locate a communications channel on the main uplink beams. A diversity receiver receives a diverse beam signal from the diverse beam(s), which is compared with a beam signal received from a main uplink beam, and the main beam signal from the main beam, or a diverse beam signal from the diversity antenna is selected, depending on the comparative signal to noise ratio and signal strength of the main beam signal and diversity beam signal.

A wireless communications system supporting multiple MIMO transmission modes supporting both diversity and directional transmissions under a plurality of different transmission modes comprises a plurality of transmit and receive antenna elements where the transmit antenna elements are arranged to provide polarization diversity. The transmitting station derives actual knowledge of the forward channel by feeding back certain information such as a preferred beam index and a channel quality indicator figure of merit for that beam from the receiving station to the transmitting station along a reverse channel. The receiving station knows the beam weights used by the transmitting station. The transmitting station applies the fed back information to transmit user data intended for the receiving station in the optimal fashion, such as along the preferred beam and at a time when forward channel conditions are satisfactory. The system provides robust single or multiple stream diversity transmission, together with the option of single user or multi-user beamforming to allow on-the-fly trade-offs between coverage gain and capacity in a wireless telecommunications system.

Diversity information associated with a set of advertisement tags is determined. Example ways of determining diversity include determining a list of distinct Uniform Resource Locators, determining a list of distinct domains, and determining whether an advertisement includes one or more dynamic elements. Scans are adaptively performed based on the determined diversity information. Scanning is performed more frequently for advertisement tags having higher associated diversities and scanning is performed less frequently for advertisement tags having lower associated diversities.

Communication over lossy packet networks such as the Internet is hampered by limited bandwidth and packet loss. The present invention provides a path diversity transmission system for improving the quality of communication over a lossy packet network. The path diversity transmission system explicitly sends different subsets of packets over different paths, thereby enabling the end-to-end application to effectively see an average path behavior. Generally, seeing this average path behavior provides better performance than seeing the behavior of any individual random path. For example, the probability that all of the multiple paths are simultaneously congested is much less than the probability that a single path is congested. The resulting path diversity can provide a number of benefits, including enabling real-time multimedia communication and simplifying system design (e.g., error correction system design). Two exemplary architectures for achieving path diversity are described herein. The first architecture is based on source routing, and the second architecture is based on a relay infrastructure. The second architecture routes traffic through semi-intelligent nodes at strategic locations in the Internet, thereby providing a service of improved reliability while leveraging the infrastructure of the Internet.

Communication is performed for a first communication device having a set of antenna elements. A quality-indication signal is received from a second communication device (e.g., a basestation). A complex weighting is calculated based on the quality-indication signal. A pre-transmission signal is modified based on the complex transmit diversity weighting to produce a set of modified-pre-transmission signals, wherein the modifications are symmetric by making approximately half the magnitude of the transmit diversity modification to one signal in a first direction, and approximately half the magnitude of the transmit diversity modification to the other signal in a second direction, opposite the first direction. Each modified pre-transmission signal from the set of modified-pre-transmission signals is uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements. The set of modified-pre-transmission signals is sent from the set of antenna elements to produce a transmitted signal.

The present invention relates to a method and system for transmitting a transmission signal from an antenna array (19) to a receiving means (20) of a wireless communication system, wherein a signal quality measurement is performed at the receiving means (20) for predetermined antennas or beams of said antenna array (19). Based on a feedback information derived from the signal quality measurement, at least two of the predetermined antennas or beams of the antenna array (19) are selected. The selected antennas or beams are used for transmitting said transmission signal according to a transmit diversity or beamforming scheme. Thus, spectral efficiency and diversity gain can be enhanced by using only selected ones of the predetermined antennas or beams.

Previous MIMO systems have used spatially diverse antenna elements in order not to reduce the number of orthogonal channels that can be realised. The present invention recognises that this leads to large antenna sizes, as compared to multiple beam antenna systems which use closely spaced antenna elements. In order to provide a compact antenna unit, while still allowing a MIMO system to be exploited, the present invention recognizes that polarization diversity only can be used in a MIMO system without the need for spatially diverse antenna elements. Closely spaced antenna elements are used and this enables a compact MIMO antenna unit to be provided. In addition, such MIMO systems with polarization diversity but no spatial diversity can advantageously be used in line of sight situations and also combined with multi-beam antenna systems to further increase capacity.

A vehicle fleet management information system identifies location and direction of movement of each vehicle in a fleet in real-time, and automatically reports such information, as well as status of predetermined events in which the vehicle is engaged, directly to the fleet manager. Each fleet vehicle has an assigned time slot to transmit its reporting information over a communications network without interfering with transmissions from other vehicles in their own respective time slots. A timing control phase lock loop (PLL) provides precise time synchronization for timing corrections from a global positioning system (GPS) based time reference. A dual band full-duplex interface of the network has TDMA on one-half and broadcast on the other half. Microprocessor time processing units in components of the network perform precise clock synchronization. Space diversity performed on received vehicle transmitted messages avoids data corruption. Different vehicles have different periodic transmission intervals, by dynamically allocating the slots for various update rates. Auxiliary reporting slots enable prompt reporting of important data by the respective vehicle transmitters independent of the slower periodic transmission intervals.

A redundently modulated multicarrier protocol known as Carrier Interference Multiple Access (CIMA) is used in an optical-fiber network having wireless links at network nodes. CIMA is a protocol that can be used to create wireless protocols (such as TDMA and CDMA) having enhanced capacity and reduced system complexity. A CIMA optical-fiber network uses dispersion to enhance signal quality and facilitate switching. CIMA achieves both diversity benefits and capacity enhancements by providing redundancy in at least one diversity parameter while providing orthogonality in another diversity parameter. This basic operating principle of CIMA may be combined with multi-user detection to achieve frequency reuse and improved power efficiency. In the wireless link, diversity may be used to reduce the effects of small-scale fading on interferometry multiplexing.

A duplex polarization adaptive system is described. The system provides polarization diversity for base station antennas under both receive and transmitting conditions. Since the base station provides polarization diversity in both transmit and receive modes, no polarization diversity is needed in the handheld unit. Even though the handheld unit does not provide polarization diversity, a duplex communication system, that uses polarization diversity for both the uplink and the downlink is provided, because the base station provides polarization diversity for the uplink and the downlink paths. By installing the two-way diversity at the base station, the overall cost of implementing diversity is reduced because one base station can typically serve many handsets. The base station antenna determines the polarization state of signals received from a remote unit, such as a handheld unit, using a polarization diverse antenna system. The base station then transmits using the same polarization state. The system is compatible with time-division duplex systems.

Embodiments of the present invention include one or more wireless transmitting devices and an array of receiver units for receiving wireless communications from the transmitting devices. The transmitter devices and receiver units can be arranged in one, two or three dimensional configurations. Signals are transmitted from the devices for identification and accurate location determination. Spread spectrum techniques can be used, such as DSSS, FHSS, THSS, and pseudo-noise (PN) coding schemes, or combinations thereof. The transmitting devices can generate one or a plurality of data signals that are orthogonal-code modulated, to be decoded by the receiver units and a processor associated therewith. A plurality of transmitter signals can be received, identified, located, and data demodulated substantially simultaneously using embodiments of the invention. The combined use of array processing methods and diversity schemes can be used to reduce the effects of signal multi-path and occlusion.

Transmit and / or receive diversity is achieved using multiple antennas. In some embodiments, a single transmitter chain within a wireless terminal is coupled over time to a plurality of transmit antennas. At any given time, a controllable switching module couples the single transmitter chain to one the plurality of transmit antennas. Over time, the switching module couples the output signals from the single transmitter chain to different transmit antennas. Switching decisions are based upon predetermined information, dwell information, and / or channel condition feedback information. Switching is performed on some dwell and / or channel estimation boundaries. In some OFDM embodiments, each of multiple transmitter chains is coupled respectively to a different transmit antenna. Information to be transmitted is mapped to a plurality of tones. Different subsets of tones are formed for and transmitted through different transmit chain / antenna sets simultaneously. The balance of tones allocated to the subsets for each antenna are changed as a function of predetermined information, dwell information, and / or channel condition feedback information.

Wireless communications for frequency-selective fading channels is realized by employing a system including orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in combination with an at least two antenna transmit diversity arrangement. Specifically, OFDM converts a multipath channel into a plurality of narrowband subchannels each having flat fading. Then, the signals on the same frequency subchannels of the at least two antennas are grouped together. Considering a first frequency subchannel, during a first OFDM time interval, a first signal and a second signal are transmitted on the first frequency subchannel from a first antenna (0) and from a second antenna (1), respectively. During a second OFDM time interval, a reverse sign (−) complex conjugate of the second signal and a complex conjugate of the first signal are transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna, respectively. In a specific embodiment of the invention, reduced complexity in the implementation is realized by a reverse order complex conjugate and a reverse order, reverse sign (−) complex conjugate and judicious selection of the processed data signals in order to transmit the appropriate ones of the signals during the first and second OFDM intervals. Again, if the channel remains constant over the two OFDM intervals, diversity combination is realized for each frequency subchannel. In another embodiment of the invention, antenna-group hopping is employed in conjunction with pairing in time of the OFDM frequency subchannel signals to realize increased transmit diversity without rate loss.

Aspects of the present invention provide MAC enhancements to support the PHY features of a MIMO-OFDMA framework. The MAC enhancements involve DL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, UL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, fast feedback channel operation to support wireless terminal dynamic feedback of MIMO mode selection, for example space time transmit diversity (STTD) or spatial multiplexing (SM), and / or permutation mode selection, for example diversity or adjacent subcarrier mode, dynamic CQICH allocation and de-allocation and the use of CQICH_ID for DL burst allocation. One or more of these enhancements is included in a given implementation. Methods are also provided for implementing the MAC enhancements.

A novel and useful apparatus for and method of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) for use in a digital receiver. The invention comprises an interference mitigation module that treats the problem of GMSK SAIC in a blind manner. The interference mitigation mechanism is operative to compensate for the co-channel interference added in the communications channel which is subject to multipath propagation and fading, receiver filter and any pre-channel estimation filtering. The interference mitigation module takes advantage of the spatial diversity making up multiple branches of the received signal. The branches comprise the in-phase and quadrature elements of the received signal, the sampling phases if over sampling is applied (i.e. T / m sampling) and / or multiple antennas. The invention utilizes the spatial diversity of these multiple representations of the received signal and combines (i.e. collapses) the information in the plurality of branches into a single branch that is input to the equalizer.

A method of transmitting data in a wireless communication system comprises receiving feedback data on an uplink data channel, the feedback data comprising a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), wherein the value of the PMI corresponds to an index in a codebook, transmitting a precoding scheme for downlink data on a downlink control channel, wherein the preceding scheme is determined as one of at least two of a transmit diversity irrespective of the received PMI, an acknowledgement indicating preceding according to the received PMI and a new PMI indicating that it is used in precoding downlink data to be transmitted, and transmitting the downlink data on a downlink data channel after applying precoding according to the determined preceding scheme.

Disclosed are systems and methods which implement communication scheduling to reduce service level variance associated with interference. In providing communication scheduling according to embodiments, mult-channel coverage may be provided throughout all portions of a service area to facilitate resource flexibility. According to embodiments, interference metrics are collected in real time for use in scheduling decisions. Synchronized point to multipoint wireless network protocols may be used to facilitate interference metric collection and / or communication scheduling. Uplink and / or downlink communications may be scheduled using one or more diversity attribute in order to achieve a desired level of bandwidth throughput, communication service level variance, and / or communication reliability in spite of the presence of unpredictable interference in the spectrum.

The present invention selects a space-time encoding mode to use when transmitting with spatial diversity based on the receive diversity associated with a receiver device and the quality of the transmission channels based on information fed back from the receiver device. The selectable space-time encoding modes are preferably space-time transmit diversity encoding and a version of BLAST-type encoding. Further, modulation modes, error encoding rates, or a combination thereof, may also be based on the quality of the transmission channels and the available diversity of the receiver device.

A telecommunication base station transceiver subsystem that can be easily configured to provide single or multi-carrier frequency service. Capacity is increased and diversity reception is maintained from a single to a dual frequency system without the need for additional antennas. The base station is divided into a main unit and a radio unit such that the radio unit is positioned proximate to the antennas and the main unit is remotely located from the radio unit. Furthermore, a single base station transceiver can provide service via multiple wireless protocols, such as CDMA, TDMA, GSM or Analog. The base station transceiver can also operate on various transmit / receive frequencies as well as variable transmit power settings.

A base station capable of performing precoding in a wireless communication system is provided. The base station includes a plurality of codebooks and a codebook selector. Each codebook comprises a plurality of composite precoding matrices that are generated based on a corresponding diversity precoding matrix. The codebook selector is operable to select one of the codebooks for use in a communication session with a subscriber station.

Angle of arrival and / or range estimation within a wireless communication device. Appropriate processing of communications received by a wireless communication device is performed to determine the angle of arrival of the communication (e.g., with respect to some coordinate basis of the wireless communication device). Also, appropriate processing of the communications may be performed in accordance with range estimation as performed by the wireless communication device to determine the distance between the transmitting and receiving wireless communication devices. There are two separate modes of packet processing operations that may be performed: (1) when contents of the received packet are known, and (2) when contents of the received packet are unknown. The wireless communication device includes a number of antenna, and a switching mechanism switches from among the various antennae capitalizing on the spatial diversity of the antennae to generate a multi-antenna signal.

Transmit and / or receive diversity is achieved using multiple antennas. In some embodiments, a single transmitter chain within a wireless terminal is coupled over time to a plurality of transmit antennas. At any given time, a controllable switching module couples the single transmitter chain to one the plurality of transmit antennas. Over time, the switching module couples the output signals from the single transmitter chain to different transmit antennas. Switching decisions are based upon predetermined information, dwell information, and / or channel condition feedback information. Switching is performed on some dwell and / or channel estimation boundaries. In some OFDM embodiments, each of multiple transmitter chains is coupled respectively to a different transmit antenna. Information to be transmitted is mapped to a plurality of tones. Different subsets of tones are formed for and transmitted through different transmit chain / antenna sets simultaneously. The balance of tones allocated to the subsets for each antenna are changed as a function of predetermined information, dwell information, and / or channel condition feedback information.

A compact, agile polarization diversity, multiple frequency band antenna with integrated electronics for terrestrial terminal use in satellite communications systems is disclosed. The antenna includes an antenna feed having highly integrated microwave electronics that are mechanically and electromagnetically coupled thereto in a distributed arrangement so that diverse polarization senses having a low axial ratio and electronic switching control of the polarization senses is provided. The arrangement of the integrated distributed transceiver configuration enables the mechanical rotation of the orientation of a first transceiver for skew alignment while a second transceiver remains stationary relative to the antenna feed assembly. The first transceiver can be a high-band transmitter and receiver pair that supports linear polarization senses and the second transceiver can be a low-band transmitter and receiver pair that supports circular polarization senses. The antenna system presented is highly compact and offers improved polarization performance previously achievable by only larger devices.