13303results about How to "Increase diversity" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a method for isothermal amplification of a plurality of different target nucleic acids, wherein the different target nucleic acids are amplified using universal primers and colonies produced thereby can be distinguished from each other. The method, therefore, generates distinct colonies of amplified nucleic acid sequences that can be analyzed by various means to yield information particular to each distinct colony.

Transmitter and receiver units for use in a communications system and configurable to provide antenna, frequency, or temporal diversity, or a combination thereof, for transmitted signals. The transmitter unit includes a system data processor, one or more modulators, and one or more antennas. The system data processor receives and partitions an input data stream into a number of channel data streams and further processes the channel data streams to generate one or more modulation symbol vector streams. Each modulation symbol vector stream includes a sequence of modulation symbol vectors representative of data in one or more channel data streams. Each modulator receives and modulates a respective modulation symbol vector stream to provide an RF modulated signal, and each antenna receives and transmits a respective RF modulated signal. Each modulator may include an inverse (fast) Fourier transform (IFFT) and a cyclic prefix generator. The IFFT generates time-domain representations of the modulation symbol vectors, and the cyclic prefix generator repeats a portion of the time-domain representation of each modulation symbol vector. The channel data streams are modulated using multi-carrier modulation, e.g., OFDM modulation. Time division multiplexing (TDM) may also be used to increase flexibility.

This invention deals with recommendation systems. The first embodiment is an off-the-shelf recommendation system is described, where it is easy to integrate with the website database and uses a web service for recommendations, as well as easy to integrate with email. The system receives client ID, item ID and user ID, and returns recommended item IDs. The recommendations include similar items, related items, related users, items likely to be acted upon by a given user (labeled likely items), and users likely to act upon an item (labeled likely users). The recommendations include categorical training, where recommended items are based upon similar categories, where the category types include as product type and brand. The recommendations include similar-to-related training, where similar items are used to find related items. These two intelligent methods work for items with no, few or numerous actions.

The present invention relates to wireless networks using relaying. In the method according to the present invention of performing communication in a two-hop wireless communication network, a transmitter 210, a receiver 220 and at least one relay station 215 are engaged in a communication session. The relay station 215 forwards signals from a first link between the transmitter 210 and the relay station 215 to a second link between the relay stations 215 and the receiver 220. The forwarding performed by the at least one relay station 215 is adapted as a response to estimated radio channel characteristics of at least the first link. Preferably the forwarding is adapted as a response to estimated radio channel characteristics of both the first and second link.

A focused ultrasound ablation device and method includes an ultrasound emitting member having a plurality of individual ultrasound emitting elements arranged in an array. The ultrasound emitting elements are actuatable to emit ultrasound energy and focus the emitted ultrasound energy a predetermined distance from the ultrasound emitting member such that the ultrasound energy is focused within anatomical tissue adjacent which the ultrasound emitting member is positioned. The anatomical tissue is heated by the ultrasound energy focused therein to form an internal lesion within the tissue. The ultrasound emitting elements are selectively, independently actuatable, allowing selected ones of the ultrasound emitting elements to be actuated to emit ultrasound energy to obtain a lesion of desired or selected size and / or surface configuration in the tissue of a particular patient.

It is to provide a radio communication system capable of performing highly reliable reading / writing communication even though the RFID tags face in the random directions. The radio communication system comprises an RFID tag used for identification, a reader / writer for performing transmission and reception of information between the RFID tag by radio waves, and a plurality of reflecting plates in a space where a plurality of RFID tags are accumulated. The reflecting plates direct traveling direction of the radio wave irradiated from the reader / writer towards the RFID tags. A part of the radio waves irradiated from an antenna of the reader / writer is directed to travel three-dimensionally towards the space by the effect of the reflecting plates. Moreover, the radio waves traveling in the same direction among the reflected radio waves by the plurality of reflecting plates together allow attenuation caused due to distance to be reduced extremely.

For each target cell determined by a handover decision process, a first message is transmitted from a source base station (20S) to a target base station (20T) servicing that target cell. The first message includes an identifier of a wireless device (10) having a communication link with the source base station and information for obtaining authentication data for this wireless device. The authentication data depends on a secret key available to the wireless device and the source base station and on an identity of the target cell. Upon failure of the communication link, a cell is selected at the wireless device, which transmits to that cell a reestablishment request message including its identifier and authentication data depending on the secret key and on an identity of the selected cell. If the selected cell is a target cell serviced by a target base station that received a first message, conformity of the authentication data included in the reestablishment request message with the authentication data obtained from this first message is verified to authorize transfer of the communication link to the selected cell.

A WCDMA system includes a Base Station (BS) transmitter, or forward transmitter and a pilot channel that transmits control signals between the BS and a Mobile Station (MS) to reconfigure their transmitter / receiver. Reconfiguration is performed according to the prediction of the channel attenuation and the threshold set at the BS or MS based on its channel power probability density function separated into three distinct equal probable regions. In one embodiment, Seamless Rate Change (SRC) / Transmitter Power Control (TPC) logic uses the predicted channel attenuation to signal both the transmitter and the receiver in a channel to reconfigure their transmit power level according to the power density function (pdf) of the channel power and threshold level. A transmission rate is reduced when the power level is below the threshold and increased when the channel power is above threshold. The pilot channel is used to signal the mobile station and the base station.

A redundently modulated multicarrier protocol known as Carrier Interference Multiple Access (CIMA) is used in an optical-fiber network having wireless links at network nodes. CIMA is a protocol that can be used to create wireless protocols (such as TDMA and CDMA) having enhanced capacity and reduced system complexity. A CIMA optical-fiber network uses dispersion to enhance signal quality and facilitate switching. CIMA achieves both diversity benefits and capacity enhancements by providing redundancy in at least one diversity parameter while providing orthogonality in another diversity parameter. This basic operating principle of CIMA may be combined with multi-user detection to achieve frequency reuse and improved power efficiency. In the wireless link, diversity may be used to reduce the effects of small-scale fading on interferometry multiplexing.

The embodiment of the invention discloses an automatic question-answering system. According to the automatic question-answering system, a user interaction unit receives a question input by a user, a question analysis unit extracts keywords from the question input by the user and expands the keywords, then an information retrieval unit searches a frequently asked question bank for answers to the question according to the expanded keywords and returns the answers to related documents, and finally, according to answer extraction rules corresponding to the question type, an answer extraction unit extracts an answer according with the rules from the related documents returned by the information retrieval unit, and sends the extracted answer to the user interaction unit to be fed back to the user. Compared with an automatic question-answering system in the prior art, the automatic question-answering system can automatically expand the keywords and divide the types of the input questions, different types of questions correspond to different types, further answer search is carried out in the types, and the accuracy and diversity of answers are improved.

Wireless communications for frequency-selective fading channels is realized by employing a system including orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in combination with an at least two antenna transmit diversity arrangement. Specifically, OFDM converts a multipath channel into a plurality of narrowband subchannels each having flat fading. Then, the signals on the same frequency subchannels of the at least two antennas are grouped together. Considering a first frequency subchannel, during a first OFDM time interval, a first signal and a second signal are transmitted on the first frequency subchannel from a first antenna (0) and from a second antenna (1), respectively. During a second OFDM time interval, a reverse sign (−) complex conjugate of the second signal and a complex conjugate of the first signal are transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna, respectively. In a specific embodiment of the invention, reduced complexity in the implementation is realized by a reverse order complex conjugate and a reverse order, reverse sign (−) complex conjugate and judicious selection of the processed data signals in order to transmit the appropriate ones of the signals during the first and second OFDM intervals. Again, if the channel remains constant over the two OFDM intervals, diversity combination is realized for each frequency subchannel. In another embodiment of the invention, antenna-group hopping is employed in conjunction with pairing in time of the OFDM frequency subchannel signals to realize increased transmit diversity without rate loss.

A closed-loop IC design optimization process by automatically or manually creating design-specific cells with desired characteristics (e.g., performance, area, power, noise, etc.), which will be then implemented as a standard cell (also known hereafter as metacell), from a set of post-layout patterns. A post-layout pattern represents a part or whole of a standard cell and contains information regarding the pattern including, but not limited to, layout, timing, area, power and noise. As the metacells are created from post-layout patterns, the inaccuracies of prior dynamic library techniques are easily avoided. Such metacells, being design-specific, are optimized to satisfy the constraints imposed by the design context, thus bringing the powerful design-specific customization to standard cell-based design methodology.

A consistent tie-breaking decision between equal-cost shortest (lowest cost) paths is achieved by comparing an ordered set of node identifiers for each of a plurality of end-to-end paths. Alternatively, the same results can be achieved, on-the-fly, as a shortest path tree is constructed, by making a selection of an equal-cost path using the node identifiers of the diverging branches of the tree. Both variants allow a consistent selection to be made of equal-cost paths, regardless of where in the network the shortest paths are calculated. This ensures that traffic flow between any two nodes, in both the forward and reverse directions, will always follow the same path through the network.

Disclosed is a method in a base station for providing a network access service to terminals. Where one of the terminals is selected as a source terminal and at least one of the other terminals is used as a relay node for relaying communication between the base station and the source terminal. Parameters for relay communication are initialized. A relay communication request message including that the parameters is transmitted. In response to the message, a terminal independently sets and performs the relay communication between the base station and the source terminal. Uplink signals are received from the source and relay terminals. The uplink signals received from the source and relay terminals are combined and decoded. A transmit diversity gain is obtained in uplink transmission of a terminal with a single antenna because relay nodes retransmit the source terminal's signal.

The present invention relates to a method for the generation of VH heavy chain-only antibodies in a transgenic non-human mammal. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the production of a VH heavy chain-only antibody in a transgenic non-human mammal comprising the step of expressing more than one heterologous VH heavy chain locus in that mammal.

The present invention refers to an antenna diversity system comprising at least a first antenna and a second antenna wherein the first antenna substantially behaves as an electric current source or as a magnetic current source, and the second antenna substantially behaves as an electric current source or as a magnetic current source and a corresponding wireless device. Further the invention relates to an SMT-type slot-antenna component comprising at least one conductive surface or sheet of metal in which the pattern of a slot is created, at least one contact terminal accessible from the exterior of said component to electrically connect the conductive surface included in the slot-antenna component with the ground plane of a circuit board such as a printed circuit board and a corresponding wireless device.

The invention discloses an organic cultivation medium and an application method thereof. The organic cultivation medium is formed by fermenting a mixture comprising organic wastes (comprising straws, animal manures and organic garbage), sludge soil (urban sludge and substrate sludge of rivers and lakes) and composite soil microorganism preparations. The organic cultivation medium can be applied to plant and crop planting, and can be mixed with microelements, water-retaining agents and root-growth accelerants according to proportions in accordance with the nutrition requirement characteristics of plants and crops to form organic soil with common soil, and then the organic soil can be arranged in a manual anti-leakage cultivation slot or a specific container cultivation system to cultivate crops, vegetables and fruits, flowers or Chinese herbal medicine plants, etc.

A closed-loop IC design optimization process by automatically or manually creating design-specific cells with desired characteristics (e.g., performance, area, power, noise, etc.), which will be then implemented as a standard cell (also known hereafter as metacell), from a set of post-layout patterns. A post-layout pattern represents a part or whole of a standard cell and contains information regarding the pattern including, but not limited to, layout, timing, area, power and noise. As the metacells are created from post-layout patterns, the inaccuracies of prior dynamic library techniques are easily avoided. Such metacells, being design-specific, are optimized to satisfy the constraints imposed by the design context, thus bringing the powerful design-specific customization to standard cell-based design methodology.

This invention concerns a method for the preparation of polyurea elastomers, comprising: (a) reacting an amine chain extender with dialkyl maleate to form an aspartic ester, wherein the chain extender has a molar amount of amine groups that is less than the moles of dialkyl maleate; (b) blending the aspartic ester with one or more polyoxyalkyleneamines to prepare a resin blend; (c) contacting the resin blend with an isocyanate under conditions effective to form a polyurea elastomer. This invention also concerns a a polyurea elastomer, comprising the reaction product of (a) a resin blend containing one or more polyoxyalkyleneamine and an aspartic ester and (b) an isocyanate, wherein the aspartic ester in the resin blend comprises a reaction product of an amine chain extender and a dialkyl maleate, wherein the mole ratio of amine functionality in the amine chain extender to dialkyl maleate or fumarate is greater than 1:1.

A method for determining a location of a border in a color image, the image including at least two color populations, between a first color region associated with a first one of the two color populations and a second color region associated with a second one of the two color populations, both the first color region and the second color region being in the color image, the method includes identifying an approximate border location between the first color region and the second color region, determining a plurality of candidate border locations between the first color region and the second color region, each of the plurality of candidate border locations being determined by applying a corresponding border location method chosen from among a plurality of border location methods, choosing one method from among the plurality of border location methods as a preferred method, and determining a location of a border between the first color region and the second color region by designating one of the plurality of candidate border locations associated with the preferred method as the border. Also, an automated optical inspection device suitable for inspection of patterned articles.

A method for multiplexing communication resources to multiple users in a communication system having no network resource planning. The method includes the steps of: generating a generic time-frequency (T-F) mapping pattern (TFPgeneric), generating a set of orthogonal T-F mapping patterns from said generic T-F mapping pattern (TFPgeneric), performing a random variable cyclic offsetting of said set of orthogonal T-F mapping patterns in each transmission time interval (TTI), and allocating the orthogonal T-F mapping patterns to the one or more users and / or traffic channels in each TTI. A transmitter for executing said multiplexing method, and a system including such transmitters, are also disclosed.

A consistent tie-breaking decision between equal-cost shortest (lowest cost) paths is achieved by comparing an ordered set of node identifiers for each of a plurality of end-to-end paths. Alternatively, the same results can be achieved, on-the-fly, as a shortest path tree is constructed, by making a selection of an equal-cost path using the node identifiers of the diverging branches of the tree. Both variants allow a consistent selection to be made of equal-cost paths, regardless of where in the network the shortest paths are calculated. This ensures that traffic flow between any two nodes, in both the forward and reverse directions, will always follow the same path through the network.

The present invention divides the available sub-carriers in an OFDM symbol window into N groups of sub-carriers wherein each group will be associated with sub-bands. In one embodiment, the sub-carriers in a group are spread throughout the range of sub-carriers to improve frequency diversity, and the sub-carriers assigned to any one group are separated by a constant offset. The sub-carriers in the group may be offset by an integer power of two. Within each group, sub-bands are defined using frequency hopping patterns among sub-carriers in the group from one OFDM symbol window to another. A pseudo-random pattern may be employed for sub-carrier mapping from one OFDM symbol window to the next to effectively distribute the sub-bands across the selected band of sub-carriers for the group.

A method for allocating physical resources to an Acknowledgement (ACK) / Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) signal channel representative of a response signal in a wireless communication system. The method includes grouping ACK / NACK signal channels corresponding to a plurality of resource blocks used for transmission of a data channel or a control channel into a plurality of groups so ACK / NACK signal channels having consecutive indexes do not belong to the same group; and allocating same frequency resources to ACK / NACK signal channels belonging to the same ACK / NACK signal channel group and allocating orthogonal sequences so ACK / NACK signal channels in each ACK / NACK signal channel group are distinguished in a code domain.

The invention discloses an image semantic segmentation method based on deep learning. The method comprises four parts of data set processing, deep semantic segmentation network construction, deep semantic segmentation network training and parameter learning, and semantic segmentation on a test image. The RGB image and the gray level image of the input image are used as the input of the network model, the edge information of the gray level image is fully utilized, and the richness degree of input characteristics is effectively increased; a convolutional neural network and a bidirectional threshold recursion unit are combined, and more context dependency relationships and global feature information are captured on the basis of learning image local features; coordinate information is added tothe feature map through the first coordinate channel module and the second coordinate channel module, the coordinate features of the model are enriched, the generalization ability of the model is improved, and a semantic segmentation result with high resolution and accurate boundary is generated.

An apparatus and method facilitate combined query based searching with serendipitous browsing in a multimedia collection. A user selects objects to label from a local map, which may include representations of objects retrieved from the collection as being responsive to a text or image base query. The text and image portions of the object can be independently labeled. Unlabeled objects are scored and ranked based on the applied labels of labeled objects, which may take into account cross-media pseudo-relevance and user selectable (or default) parameters, such as a forgetting factor, which tends to place greater weight on more recently labeled objects, and a modality parameter, which laces greater weight on the modality (text, image, or hybrid) currently selected by the user. The local map is modified, based on the ranking, optionally after reranking of objects to improve the diversity of the displayed objects.

Compostions, kits and methods are provided for generating highly diverse libraries of proteins such as antibodies via homologous recombination in vivo, and screening these libraries against protein, peptide and nucleic acid targets using a two-hybrid method in yeast. The method for screening a library of tester proteins against a target protein or peptide comprises: expressing a library of tester proteins in yeast cells, each tester protein being a fusion protein comprised of a first polypeptide subunit whose sequence varies within the library, a second polypeptide subunit whose sequence varies within the library independently of the first polypeptide, and a linker peptide which links the first and second polypeptide subunits; expressing one or more target fusion proteins in the yeast cells expressing the tester proteins, each of the target fusion proteins comprising a target peptide or protein; and selecting those yeast cells in which a reporter gene is expressed, the expression of the reporter gene being activated by binding of the tester fusion protein to the target fusion protein.

A decentralized communication device is provided that facilitates optimal positioning and orientation of one or more antennas for wireless communication with external devices. The decentralized communication device includes one or more master components and one or more slave components. The master and the slave components are physically separate and communicate wirelessly. In some embodiments the slave acts as a carrier frequency translator between the master and an external wireless device, where it communicates with the external device using a first frequency and communicates with the master using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. In another embodiment the slave has most or all the physical layer to do the digital coding, digital modulation, data framing, data formatting and data packetization for communicating with an external device, in which case digital coding and digital modulation is distributed between the master and the slave.

A highly diverse library of yeast expression vectors encoding a library of fusion proteins such as antibodies is provided. The yeast expression vector formed in the library comprises: a first nucleotide sequence encoding a first polypeptide subunit; a second nucleotide sequence encoding a second polypeptide subunit; and a linker sequence encoding a linker peptide that links the first nucleotide sequence and the second nucleotide sequence. The first polypeptide subunit, the second polypeptide subunit, and the linker polypeptide are expressed as a single fusion protein within the library of fusion proteins. The first and second nucleotide sequences each independently varies within the library of expression vectors. The library of fusion proteins expressed by the library expression vectors can be used for screening against target molecules such as proteins, peptides, DNAs and small molecules in vitro and in vivo.