220 results about "Bank" patented technology

To significantly improve the prediction accuracy, response speed and management efficiency of large river bank slope disasters, an integrated bank slope monitoring method based on multi-parameter collaborative recognition is proposed. The solution includes step S1 of synchronously collecting data on bank slope displacement, pore water pressure, inclination angle, vibration frequency and environmental temperature and humidity to form an original monitoring dataset and construct a multi-parameter collaborative recognition network; step S2 of using a multi-modal data fusion algorithm to generate a fusion data matrix including spatiotemporal correlation features and perform spatiotemporal data alignment and outlier cleansing; step S3 of combining a geomechanical parameter library and a past disaster case library to output a risk level map and perform dynamic risk assessment model analysis; and step S4 of triggering a multi-level early warning mechanism and generating linked control commands including treatment suggestions to perform multi-level early warning and linked control.

The invention relates to the field of river bank slope monitoring, in particular to an integrated bank slope monitoring method based on multi-parameter collaborative awareness, which comprises the following steps: S1, multi-parameter collaborative awareness network construction: collecting bank slope displacement, pore water pressure, inclination angle, vibration frequency and environment temperature and humidity data to form an original monitoring data set; s2, data space-time alignment and abnormal value cleaning: generating a fusion data matrix including space-time correlation features by adopting a multi-modal data fusion algorithm; s3, dynamic risk assessment model analysis: outputting a risk level map in combination with the geomechanical parameter library and the historical catastrophe case library; s4, multi-stage early warning and linkage control: triggering a multi-stage early warning mechanism and generating a linkage control instruction including a disposal suggestion; powerful support can be provided for accurately carrying out large-scale river bank slope collapse monitoring, real-time risk assessment and efficient emergency response, and remarkably improving the prediction accuracy, response speed and management efficiency of large-scale river bank slope disasters.

A method for reducing the danger of a dammed lake formed by a debris flow blocking a river, comprising: first predicting the accumulation range of a river-blocking debris dam during occurrence of a debris flow, dividing a river boundary into multiple areas on the basis of the elevation, and then performing roughness reduction treatment on the areas of the river boundary during a dry season. The present method reduces the roughness of a river boundary within the accumulation range of a river-blocking debris dam, so as to reduce the opposite bank dam height of the river-blocking debris dam and the storage capacity of the dammed lake, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the danger of dammed lakes formed by debris flows and reducing the impact of debris flow disasters.

The invention relates to the technical field of reservoir bank slope seepage instability risk assessment, and discloses a multi-source seepage driven heterogeneous reservoir slope irregular seepage path intelligent inversion method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a characteristic water level and rainfall intensity in a reservoir area range; acquiring a lower bound and an upper bound of a soil body saturated permeability coefficient change range, and jointly establishing a bank slope model calculation parameter database with the basic parameters of the soil body; establishing a reservoir bank slope certainty model; associating the saturated permeability coefficient of the soil body with the field variable; representing the spatial heterogeneity of the saturated permeability coefficient of the model soil body through a random field method; and displaying a seepage result obtained by calculation based on the heterogeneous reservoir bank slope model. The technical problems that in the prior art, an irregular actual seepage path in the reservoir bank slope under the multi-source complex seepage boundary condition is difficult to intelligently and finely describe and invert, the seepage rule in the near-dam reservoir bank slope cannot be effectively explored, and the seepage risk of the region cannot be efficiently evaluated are solved.

The invention discloses a reservoir bank landslide deformation mechanism analysis method in combination with InSAR deformation characteristics and fluid-solid coupling, and the analysis method comprises the steps: firstly, recovering a deformation field of a reservoir bank landslide through employing a multi-temporal InSAR, and carrying out the induction factor analysis of a deformation independent component in combination with an ICA method; secondly, the saturated permeability coefficient of the slip mass material is corrected in an auxiliary mode based on the InSAR deformation time sequence; then, a seepage analysis result is coupled to an FLAC3D model for stress-strain analysis; and finally, revealing the deformation mechanism of the reservoir bank landslide based on InSAR deformation spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and a fluid-solid coupling analysis result. According to the reservoir bank landslide deformation mechanism analysis method, reservoir bank landslide InSAR deformation spatio-temporal evolution, one-dimensional pore water diffusion model auxiliary correction saturated permeability coefficient and coupling pore pressure stress analysis are carried out aiming at the limitation of InSAR and a numerical simulation technology in the reservoir bank landslide deformation problem.

The invention discloses a permeable hinged type ecological slope protection structure for sheltering benthonic animals in a canal. The permeable hinged type ecological slope protection structure is formed by distributing a plurality of slope protection blocks on a bank slope in an array mode. The slope protection block body is of an integrated structure and comprises an upper halfpace section and a lower rectangular enclosure frame section. An inner cavity of the slope protection block body is formed by a space enclosed by the lower rectangular enclosure frame section and a halfpace-shaped cavity in the upper halfpace section; lateral channels communicating with the inner cavity are formed in the left side and the right side of the slope protection block body, and the lateral channels on the two sides directly face each other. Through holes communicated with the inner cavity are formed in the top surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upper halfpace section; the front side and the rear side of the lower rectangular enclosure frame section are respectively provided with a linkage hinge bayonet and a linkage hinge clamping block which are matched with each other; an induction adhesion layer is arranged on the top surface of the upper halfpace section; in the shoreline direction, the lateral channels of the adjacent slope protection block bodies are aligned and communicated; the adjacent slope protection blocks are clamped and matched in the direction perpendicular to the shoreline. According to the method, a relatively stable near-bottom shielding and slow-flow sheltering space can be formed, and habitat communication and attachment induction interface construction are considered.

The invention relates to the technical field of geological data analysis, discloses a bank slope deep unloading developmental zone identification and evaluation method and system based on a sliding window, and aims at solving the problems that an existing method is low in efficiency and high in subjectivity, and evaluation results are discrete and cannot be quantized. Based on set window parameters, space convolution calculation is carried out through a sliding window, and a continuous feature signal sequence is generated; segmenting the sequence by using a preset background noise threshold value, and identifying candidate sections; matching and calibrating the boundary of the candidate section and the position of a known geological structural plane, and delineating a depth-keeping unloading development zone; the comprehensive development strength index of each deep unloading development zone is calculated, and quantitative evaluation is achieved. According to the method, automatic and continuous space recognition and quantitative representation of the deep unloading development zone are achieved, efficiency and accuracy are improved, and the method is particularly suitable for safe site selection and construction of major projects.

The utility model provides a terrace-imitated multi-pond river bank structure, relates to the technical field of water conservancy and water ecological management, and solves the problems of shortage of land resources and insufficient attractiveness in existing river bank management. The ecological pond comprises a plurality of layers of ecological ponds which are arranged in a step shape from top to bottom, the peripheries of the ecological ponds are defined by retaining walls, the ecological pond on the upper layer is communicated with the ecological pond on the lower layer through a first overflow port, the ecological pond on the top layer is provided with a settling pond, the settling pond is communicated with the ecological pond on the top layer through a filter dam, and the settling pond is communicated with the ecological pond on the bottom layer through a second overflow port. An aquatic purification and soil fixation system is arranged in the ecological pond. The device has the beneficial effects that a wetland effect is formed, the residence time of water entering a river is prolonged, the water quality purification effect is improved, and the effect of beautifying a river bank and the surrounding environment is achieved.

The invention discloses a river and lake sludge dewatering and curing ecological bank protection process. Ecological bank protection construction is achieved through in-situ resourceful treatment of sludge. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, pressing natural wood piles into the bottom of a bank slope to form a comb-shaped anti-sliding bent frame, and paving high-strength permeable geotextile pipe bags between the piles and the bank slope; bottom mud is extracted by adopting mud suction equipment, is modified by a flocculating agent and then is injected into a tubular bag in a layered manner, and gravity dehydration is completed by utilizing the permeable characteristic of tubular bag fabric; the tops of the pipe bags are backfilled with stacking materials for graded stacking, and solidification is accelerated through external pressurization to form a stable bank protection filling body; and finally, the surface layer is covered with planting soil, moisture-proof plants are planted, and the composite revetment with the permeation drainage function and the ecological function is constructed. Compared with a traditional technology, the technology effectively solves the problems of bottom mud outward transportation pollution and resource waste through triple synergy of geotextile tube bag gravity dehydration, natural timber pile stability enhancement, building body strength improvement through graded stacking and loading and the like, and the formed revetment has ecological restoration and landscape functions. The method is suitable for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, wetland reconstruction and waterfront environment treatment, and has the comprehensive advantages of convenience in construction, environmental friendliness, economy and high efficiency.

The invention relates to the technical field of river and lake health evaluation, in particular to a river and lake health evaluation index intelligent calculation system and method based on multi-module collaboration, and the system comprises a river bank stability analysis module which is used for obtaining a bank slope inclination angle, a vegetation coverage degree, a bank slope height, a matrix type and river bank scouring condition data, determining an assignment value corresponding to each piece of data, and analyzing the assignment value of each piece of data; obtaining the comprehensive score of the river-lake bank slope stability; the water quality analysis module is used for acquiring river and lake information including the water quality degree, the lake nutrition state, the sediment pollution condition and the water body self-purification capacity, and obtaining a water quality analysis comprehensive score; and the district river comprehensive analysis module is used for acquiring river information in the district range and obtaining a comprehensive health score of each evaluation river in the district. According to the invention, three core modules of river bank stability, water quality analysis and district river comprehensive analysis are constructed, layered evaluation is carried out for physical habitat, water quality conditions and basin overall health, and key elements of a river and lake ecosystem are comprehensively covered.

The invention relates to a river and lake groundwater refilling coupling simulation method. The method comprises the steps of through water refilling riverbank zone refilling influence research, plain area refilling simulation and deep water source replacement simulation evaluation. According to the through water replenishing riparian zone refilling influence research, through a riparian zone hydrogeological conceptual model and a riparian zone numerical model, after model identification and verification, riparian introduction seepage quantity analysis and riparian zone refilling influence analysis are carried out; plain area back-filling simulation is based on a T-PROGS three-dimensional hydrogeological structure model, a typical area groundwater flow numerical model is established based on a U-Grid river channel grid encryption technology and river channel infiltration analysis of a fuzzy mathematical method, and groundwater back-filling effect analysis and groundwater over-mining treatment effect prediction analysis are carried out; in the deep water source replacement simulation evaluation, an underground water numerical model is firstly constructed, and then deep underground water replacement effect evaluation is performed, including overall evaluation of the influence of water source replacement on the underground water level and evaluation of the influence of water source replacement in different time periods on the underground water level.

The invention relates to the technical field of bank slope measurement, in particular to a river bank slope measuring device for water conservancy monitoring, which comprises a fixed foundation pile, a supporting plate is arranged on one side of the fixed foundation pile, a protective shell is arranged on one side, away from the fixed foundation pile, of the supporting plate, and a buoyancy component is arranged at one end, away from the fixed foundation pile, of the supporting plate. The device has the function of measuring overall vertical settlement of a bank slope close to a river channel, the water and soil loss degree of the whole bank slope can be measured and calculated in the whole measuring process, the accuracy of measured data at the position is improved, and the device is suitable for popularization and application. When the fixed foundation pile is arranged on a bank slope and the floater is in contact with the liquid level of a river channel, initial datum line positioning is conducted on the whole fixed foundation pile through the floater, when the fixed foundation pile vertically settles, the whole descending distance is amplified through rotation of the lever, and through the amplification multiple, the descending distance can be accurately adjusted. And a worker can more accurately control the whole settlement distance.

The invention relates to the field of bank slope erosion and deposition tests, and discloses a test device for simulating a wharf bank slope erosion and deposition environment, which comprises a box body, a partition plate is mounted in the box body and is used for dividing the internal space of the box body, and an opening is formed in one side of the partition plate and is used for communicating the divided space; the bank slope model is mounted on the top surface of the partition plate; the driving mechanism is located at the top in the box body and used for driving a first motor to move, and the first motor is used for driving a shifting piece to rotate so as to shift water flow; and the flow guide mechanism is mounted in the middle of the top in the box body and is used for guiding the water flow direction and impacting the bank slope model. The driving mechanism drives the shifting piece to move downwards, the first motor drives the shifting piece to rotate, and therefore the water flow speed is increased; the flow guiding mechanism is used for distributing flow and adjusting the water flow direction, the scouring and deposition process of different water flows is accurately simulated, meanwhile, the erosion influence of the water flow angle on the bank slope can be simulated, and the accuracy of the experimental result is enhanced.

The invention discloses a construction method for an ecological environment management project of a trunk canal, which relates to the technical field of ecological environment management projects and comprises the following steps: S1, driving steel pipe piles into a river channel, and fixing steel pipe brackets on the steel pipe piles; s2, supporting piles are driven into a riverbed between the first side river bank and the steel pipe piles; s3, the anti-seepage cloth is installed on the cross beams, and the cross beams are fixed to the supporting piles; s4, the cross beams and the supporting piles are pressed into water together till the cross beams abut against the riverbed, and the anti-seepage cloth is laid on the riverbed; s5, the upstream anti-seepage cloth is in lap joint with the downstream anti-seepage cloth, sand bags are arranged at the lap joint, and a first-stage cofferdam is formed; s6, river water is completely drained into the first-stage cofferdam; s7, treatment construction of a second-side river bank is conducted, and a second-stage cofferdam is constructed; s8, the first-stage cofferdam is dismantled; and S9, the river water is completely drained into the second-stage cofferdam, and treatment construction of the first-side river bank is conducted. The construction method has the effect of improving the construction efficiency and the construction safety of the ecological environment treatment project of the trunk canal.

The invention discloses a reservoir bank slope hydrological-mechanical coupling dynamic stability evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a monitoring system, and acquiring water level, rainfall, pore pressure and moisture content data in real time; defining a cumulative disturbance effect function based on the water level amplitude, rate and frequency; establishing a nonlinear coupling correction relation between soil constitutive strength parameters of the cumulative effect function; in combination with monitoring and calculation results, iteratively identifying and correcting model coefficients; carrying out time-varying solution on the stability of the reservoir bank slope by utilizing the correction parameter field and a Bishop method; and establishing a criterion, and triggering graded early warning when the safety coefficient and the change rate exceed threshold values. Compared with the prior art, the method can achieve the real-time dynamic evaluation and grading early warning of the stability of the reservoir bank slope, and is higher in accuracy, adaptability and engineering application value.

The embodiment of the invention provides a BIM (Building Information Modeling) generation method and device for a bend revetment, equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of artificial intelligence. The method comprises the following steps: collecting geological data and water flow data of a river curve; analyzing the geological data and the water flow data based on a pre-constructed bank protection type analysis model to obtain a bank protection type corresponding to the river curve; based on the revetment type, the geological data and the water flow data, calculating to obtain a revetment inclination angle corresponding to the revetment type; obtaining target material information corresponding to the revetment type; and inputting the revetment type, the geological data, the revetment inclination angle and the target material information to a pre-trained BIM generation model to obtain a revetment BIM model corresponding to the river curve. According to the method, the geometric accuracy and the parameter accuracy of the bank protection BIM model are remarkably improved, the design modeling period is greatly shortened, and the construction efficiency of the bank protection BIM model is improved.

This invention relates to the field of intelligent technology for identifying hidden dangers on reservoir and river / lake embankments, specifically to a method for intelligent identification and risk assessment of embankment hidden dangers based on multimodal perception using a walking robot. The method involves a quadruped robot equipped with multiple sensor modules autonomously inspecting reservoir and river / lake embankment areas to collect multimodal data from the embankment surface. This multimodal data is then transmitted to a data processing center. Based on this data, the types and locations of hidden dangers on the embankment surface are identified. These hidden danger types include cracks, seepage or piping, settlement, and structural deformation. The types and locations of these hidden dangers are quantitatively analyzed to obtain quantitative results. Based on these results, a risk assessment report, a visual map, and an early warning are generated. This invention improves the spatial coverage accuracy and temporal synchronization of data acquisition, and possesses higher sensitivity and complementarity in identifying hidden danger types such as embankment cracks, seepage, and deformation, providing a perceptual foundation for subsequent analysis.

The utility model provides a protective net for water and soil conservation, which comprises a side edge adjusting structure, the side edge adjusting structure comprises an attaching plate and a supporting strip, one side of the bottom of the attaching plate is provided with a fixing bolt, the bottom of the attaching plate is provided with a sliding block, the top of the supporting strip is provided with a positioning strip, and the inner wall of the positioning strip is provided with a sliding groove. According to the protective net structure, the attaching plates capable of sliding outwards are arranged, the attaching plates slide on the tops of the supporting strips, the attaching plates on the two sides move outwards and open the protective net, the protective net structure can be tightly attached to a river bank, and outward movement of the attaching plates is mainly controlled through an unfolding structure; and after use, the attaching plate can be fixed, then the unfolding structure is taken down, and meanwhile, the positioning cone capable of rotating is arranged at the bottom of the supporting strip, so that the supporting strip can rotate according to the radian of the river bank.

1. The name of this design product: Ecological combined revetment. 2. Application of this design product: used for retaining structure engineering, especially river bank protection engineering. 3. The key point of the design of this product lies in its shape. 4. The picture or photo that best illustrates the key points of the design: Design 1 3D drawing. 5. Designate Design 1 as the base design.

The invention belongs to the technical field of riparian zone restoration and treatment, and mainly relates to a plant-microorganism coupling bank protection method suitable for cities in cold regions. The method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting zoysia japonica as revetment vegetation, selecting bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas stutzeri as revetment microorganisms, and constructing a plant-microorganism coupling system to realize natural ecological revetment. The method is a novel ecological bank protection technology integrating multiple functions of river bank reinforcement, water quality purification, soil remediation and the like, the stability of the river bank can be remarkably enhanced, water and soil loss is reduced, water and soil are purified, the ecological environment is continuously improved, and a new thought method is provided for river and lake shoreline remediation; and the method has a good practical engineering application prospect.

The utility model discloses a bank protection type suitable for river ecological promotion and increasing resident hydrophilism, which comprises a U-shaped retaining wall, a bottom plate, a water side wall and a far water side wall, a muddy soil layer filled in the U-shaped retaining wall and a planting net provided in the U-shaped retaining wall for planting plants, controllable holes provided on the water side wall at intervals for connecting the U-shaped retaining wall with a river body, a transparent corridor in the river, which comprises a bridge pile, a tempered glass bridge body and side railings, the tempered glass bridge body is arranged on the bridge pile and the top of the water side wall, an ecological slope formed by compaction of viscous backfill soil, a block structure formed by hollow blocks and filled with cultivated soil and ornamental plants.

1. The name of this design product: Flood prevention and bank protection pile (six). 2. Purpose of this design product: This design product is used for retaining earth, embankment, bank protection, river channels, docks, and lake weir enclosures. 3. The design key point of this appearance design product lies in the shape. 4. The picture or photo that best illustrates the key points of the design: 3D drawing of Design 1. 5. Designate Design 1 as the base design.

The utility model discloses a suspension type ecological bank protection device on a hard bank protection foundation, which comprises a protection device and a fixed connecting device, the protection device is laid on a bank protection in a matrix mode, plants can be planted on the protection device, and the fixed connecting device is used for fixedly connecting the protection device. The ecological reinforcing block is very suitable for being used in a hard revetment side slope ecological restoration area, especially in a hard revetment and an area which integrally meets the existing function requirement, the ecological reinforcing block is used for ecologicalization of the hard revetment, and the ecological reinforcing block has the advantages of meeting the ecological requirement, being simple in structure, free of excavation, convenient to operate, high in adaptive capacity and the like. Meanwhile, water and soil loss of the slope protection is reduced through the ecological environment protection effect of the ecological reinforcing blocks; the method is suitable for urban river channels, an ecological protection face can be formed on the surface of the vertical concrete slope protection, buffering conditions are provided for river channel surface scouring, meanwhile, a good habitat and ecological environment are built, and a certain benefit is also achieved for river channel water purification.

The invention discloses a scouring-resistant ecological revetment suitable for a concrete 3D printing technology and a preparation method, and aims to solve the problems that a traditional rigid revetment blocks ecological connection of a river channel, is weak in self-cleaning capacity, has potential safety hazards and gives consideration to stability of a bank slope and ecological reconstruction at the same time. The revetment comprises square building blocks with communicating holes and a supporting framework, reinforcing steel bars can be planted in the supporting framework, and a binding material can be poured into a connecting cavity; the preparation method comprises the steps of river channel measurement, building block design, 3D printing, cofferdam construction, building block laying and plant planting. The system can resist scouring and restore river ecology, is flexible and environment-friendly in construction, can be used as a leisure place in a normal water period / dry water period, and is adaptive to different river terrains.

The invention discloses a construction method for repairing a digging and brushing disaster of a river-side high and steep gabion cage retaining wall foundation, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower bank slope water-side maintenance engineering construction processes. The construction method for repairing the digging and brushing disasters of the high and steep gabion cage retaining wall foundation near the river is convenient to construct and operate, and the stability and safety of a disaster repairing part can be remarkably improved. According to the construction method, in the dry season, a shoal construction area comprising a digging and brushing disaster section is defined in a high-speed flow river channel through tetrahedron strings, and then a concrete pouring formwork with the narrow outer portion and the wide inner portion is erected in the shoal construction area; then, the shoal construction areas on the two sides of the concrete pouring formwork are filled with block stones, and hollow disaster area cavity concrete pouring and block stone filling area concrete pouring are carried out based on the filled block stones; and finally, the river-adjacent high and steep gabion cage retaining wall repair foundation which comprises the tetrahedron string surrounding structure, a concrete pouring formwork, cavity concrete emptied in the disaster area and concrete in the block stone filling area is obtained through maintenance.

1. The name of the design product: the grid board. 2. The use of the design product: used for river revetment to prevent river bank collapse. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best shows the design points: perspective view.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and geotechnical engineering, and particularly discloses a prediction method and terminal equipment for multi-layer accumulation-dumping type reservoir bank collapse, and the prediction method comprises the steps: dividing a reservoir bank accumulation body into a plurality of blocks; acquiring the fracture water pressure of the failure surface of each block, and determining the stability coefficient of each block according to the fracture water pressure; dividing the reservoir bank accumulation body into a plurality of dumping areas with different dumping degrees according to the stability coefficient, and drawing an engineering geological profile map of the reservoir bank according to the boundaries of the dumping areas; and determining a stable slope angle of each measuring point on the engineering geological profile map, and predicting the bank collapse amount and the bank collapse width of the multilayer accumulation-dumping type reservoir according to the stable slope angle. According to the method, the reservoir bank accumulation body is divided into a plurality of dumping areas with different dumping degrees according to the stability coefficient determined by the fracture water pressure of the failure surface, so that the bank collapse prediction result conforms to the reality, and the stepped failure characteristics of the multi-layer accumulation-dumping type reservoir bank collapse can be reflected.

The utility model discloses a bank protection assembly and a bank protection structure, and belongs to the field of shoreline protection. The net-shaped body wraps the peripheral side surfaces of the step-shaped frame; the stone grain unit is filled in the step-shaped frame; wherein the minimum particle size of the stone grain units is larger than the pore diameter of the net-shaped body. The stone grain unit comprises pebbles; a mixture comprising gravel and zeolite mixed with each other; wherein the pebbles and the mixture are filled in the two sides of the interior of the step-shaped frame respectively, and the minimum particle size of the pebbles, the gravels and the zeolite is larger than the pore diameter of the net-shaped body. The utility model has the technical effects that not only is an inhabiting and spawning place provided for aquatic organisms facilitated, but also the transverse connectivity between the shore side and the water side is ensured.

A river bank slope protection and a processing technology for retaining elements thereof. The retaining structure is piled on the side wall of a river bed and comprises retaining elements and a retaining foundation. The retaining foundation is laid on the bottom of the river bed. The retaining elements are stacked on each other to form a retaining assembly. The retaining assembly is fixedly installed on the retaining foundation. The retaining foundation comprises a retaining base and a stacking foundation. The stacking foundation is fixedly laid on the retaining base. The retaining assembly is fixedly installed on the stacking foundation. Through the setting of the retaining foundation, it is convenient to fix the retaining elements on the river bed, so that the retaining assembly is stacked on the side wall of the river bed, which can prevent the retaining assembly from tipping over and improve the stability of the bank protection.

1. The name of this design product: River bank protection pile (M type). 2. Purpose of this design product: used for river bank protection, protecting the banks of rivers, lakes and seas from invasion and erosion by water flow, wind and waves, and tides, and preventing river bank collapse. 3. The design key point of this appearance design product lies in the shape. 4. The picture or photo that best illustrates the design points: three-dimensional picture.