1431 results about "Soil loss" patented technology

The invention discloses a mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for the arid region. The method comprises a slope protection method and the steps that water collecting devices are arranged; soil improvement is carried out; vegetation configuration is carried out. Firstly, according to the through slope arrangement, mining slide slopes needing to be restored are subjected to step type slope cutting to be stabilized, an ecological catchwater is arranged on the inner side of each stage of a platform, and the steps are continuously provided with desilting basins and water collecting pits every other certain distance. Water collecting devices are mounted in the water collecting pits and connected with the desilting basins and the catchwaters, the other ends of the water collecting devices are provided with controllable drainage ports, the water collecting devices are connected with a slope irrigation system and used for collecting and fully and reasonably utilizing slope runoff, a dry season irrigation water source is provided, meanwhile, slope scouring is avoided, and water and soil losses are reduced. The platform and the slopes are all covered with earth, a planting pit is dug in each stage of the platform, the mode of ecological bags and ecological blankets is adopted in each stage of the slopes, a soil conditioner and foreign soil from other places are mixed, the planting pits, the ecological bags and the ecological blankets are filled with the mixture, and good water and fertilizer conditions are provided for plant growth. Proper trees brushes and grasses are selected to be distributed. The ground conditions of the side slopes are comprehensively improved, and side slope vegetations are restored to the natural ecological state.

The invention relates to an ecological protection method for a high steep side slope. The method mainly comprises the steps of slope surface treatment, concrete shotcrete and rock bolt support, vegetating hole arrangement, net spreading, spray material preparation, granule spray sowing, maintenance, management, and the like. In the method, guest soil materials such as humus loam rich in organic matters and clay are utilized to undergo a granule reaction after mixed with a granule agent at the moment of spray sowing so as to form a greening template which has the same high order granule structure as natural soil and strong erosion resistance and can suppress water and soil loss. After a diversified mature plant community which is in harmony with surrounding vegetation environment is formed, the slope surface can be protected, which can effectively resist diseases and insect pests and maintain the ecological balance. Post maintenance management and expenses can be saved. All used materials can be naturally degraded, have no pollution to the environment and can purify air and beautify the environment. Equipment of the method does not need to be hung on the slope surface for construction, and spray sowing operations are carried out only below the slope surface, thus the method has high construction speed and safety. The method is suitable for slope surfaces which are difficult to green, and the like, such as various high steep and unstable slope surfaces, bare slope surfaces having high greening expected values, and the like.

The invention discloses a method for constructing shrub and grass plant communities on a rocky slope, which organically integrates the soil replacement technology, the surface covering technology, the planting technology, the transplanting technology and the like. The method is characterized in that firstly, an external soil layer is constructed on the surface of the rocky slope by means of net suspending and soil spraying and used as a soil foundation for plant growth, transplanting holes are reserved in the external soil layer and prepared for transplanting of shrub seedlings; secondly, plant blankets (or plant strips) are laid on the surface of the external soil layer, seeds of herbaceous plants, fertilizer for the herbaceous plants and the like are inlaid in the plant blankets (or plant strips), and accordingly, sprouting and growth of the herbaceous plants are guaranteed while coverage of the herbaceous plants is controlled, and soil water evaporation can be reduced and slope soil loss can be prevented; and thirdly, the cultured shrub seedlings are planted in the transplanting holes, competition and livability of the transplanted shrub seedlings can be improved, and the shrubs are ensured to be dominant species in the slope plant communities. By the method, slope vegetation coverage can be quickly recovered, and livability and stability of artificial plant communities on the rocky slope are improved.

The invention relates to a slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions. The experiment device comprises an experiment table, a combined extreme environment simulation unit and a control system unit, wherein the experiment table comprises a bottom base, a slope base plate, a downstream baffle plate, soil block standard elements and an experiment table regulating device; the combined extreme environment simulation unit comprises a rainfall simulation device, an air field simulation device, a freezing rain simulation device, a snowfall simulation device, a sunlight simulation device, an air temperature simulation device and an overland flow simulation device; the control system unit comprises a power supply system, a water supply system and a signal acquisition and processing system. According to the invention, the slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions perform indoor simulation and measurement of a slope water body loss situation under a single or combined extreme meteorological conditions of rain storm, rain and snow, freezing rain, flood, drought, high temperature and the like, can achieve accurate and reliable results, and can be widely applied to water-soil loss monitoring, principle analysis and governance under complex variable meteorological conditions.

The invention discloses a portable dynamic soil erosion monitor comprising a runoff plot surrounded by an enclosing board on a tested sloping field, a simulation rainfall unit arranged above the runoff plot to simulate rainfall, a water supply unit connected with the simulation rainfall unit to provide water for the simulation rainfall unit, a water-sand measurement device connected with the runoff plot and used for metering water sand flowing out from the runoff plot, a power regulator connected with the simulation rainfall unit and the water supply unit and used for controlling the rainfall capacity and the water supply starting and stopping, and a micro process connected with the water-sand measurement device and used for analyzing water sand data measured by the water-sand measurement device to judge the state of soil erosion. The portable dynamic soil erosion monitor is assembled in segments and is detachable, occupies few area, and is easy to carry; the time spent in building the runoff plot is short, the simulation rainfall unit is convenient to install, the water sand data in the runoff plot can be acquired in real time, the soil erosion modulus are dynamically measured and calculated, the data are accurate, and the portable dynamic soil erosion monitor is wide in application and is suitable for dynamic monitoring of soil erosion amount in different areas as well as data analysis.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and environmental pollution improvement and relates to a heavy metal resistant plant endogenous nodule bacterium and application thereof. The heavy metal resistant nodule bacterium is preserved at the China center for type culture collection (CCTCC) with the preservation date to be 2012/9/18 and culture preservation number to be CCTCC NO:M2012357. The bacterial strain liquid preparation contains more than a billion of effective living bacteria per milliliter, and the bacterial strain solid preparation contains 0.2 billion of effective living bacteria per gram. The heavy metal resistant nodule bacterium strain can secrete plant hormones indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, and resists heavy metal copper and cadmium. When plants are planted in moist soil or tailings containing heavy metal and bioremediation preparation is inoculated, the heavy metal resistant nodule bacterium can promote plant growth and absorbs heavy metal copper, can improve plant restoration efficiency, can fix sandy soil and reduces water and soil loss.

The invention relates to a method for improving and protecting a collapsible loess slope project, which is characterized in that: the loess slope project is protected by adopting improved loess (3), gunny bags (4), a protective net (5), a geogrid (6) and a drainage ditch (8), wherein the improved loess is prepared by stirring and blending lime, fly ash and loess in a volume ratio, the total volume of the lime and fly ash accounts for no less than 30 percent of the volume of the admixture, the SiO2 and Al2O3 total content of the fly ash is no less than 75 percent, and the lime is calcium quicklime or calcium hydrated lime; the geogrid (6) is high-density polyethylene uniaxial geogrid; the gunny bags (4) are jute gunny bags; and the protective net (5) is made of a flexible stainless steel material. The method has the advantages of stabilizing the slope, solving the stability problem of the fill slope, realizing waste utilization, afforesting the environment and preventing soil erosion by improving the structural protective system consisting of the loess and geogrid; and the method is suitable for improving the collapsible loess project in civil engineering and can be used for projects such as highway embankment filling, building foundation improvement, retaining wall reinforcement and the like.

The invention discloses a high-benefit planting method for positions under a polygonatum cyrtonema hua forest, comprising the following steps of: selecting soil, preparing the soil, propagating rootstalk, cultivating seedlings and transplanting, weeding in a cultivation way, topdressing, draining and irrigating, removing flowers, preventing insect diseases and harvesting. In a process of insect disease prevention, a high-efficiency fertilizer is adopted, so that the prevention rate is more than 95%. After the method is adopted, weeds and insects under the forest can be reduced, polygonatum cyrtonema hua can be planted under the forest, a resource under the forest can be sufficiently used, the income can be further improved, the water and soil loss can be reduced as well, a good ecological environment can be built, and one more selection can be provided for polygonatum cyrtonema hua planting ways; and when the fertilizer is applied on the surfaces of leaves, the used fertilizer not only can effectively prevent and cure a leaf spot disease, but also can reduce insect pests, and the prevention and cure rate is more than 95%, so that the quality of the polygonatum cyrtonema hua can be guaranteed, and the environment pollution can be avoided.

The invention discloses an artificial standard planting utilizing method of Akebia trifoliate, which comprises that selecting planting base, preparing, cultivating seed, transplanting, and managing in field. The invention utilizes Akebia trifoliate seed to process sexual reproduction or utilizes young plant to process asexual propagation as grafting or the like, thereby realizing artificial standard transplantation of Akebia trifoliate, it can transplant one time and collect several times, utilize the plant continuously, improve plant utilization, reduce cost and protect environment, with wide application.

The invention discloses a method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at a karst rock desertification region, in particular a method for inter-planting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass below fruit trees in the orchards, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the leguminous forage grass to the gramineous forage grass is (5-7):(3-5), and the seeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/mu. According to the method, the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass are selected and sowed in a mixed way according to the characteristics of high yield and low crude protein content of the gramineous forage grass and high crude protein content of the leguminous forage grass, so that the yield and the quality of the forage grass are improved, and the palatability of the forage grass and the absorption of livestock to the nutrients of the forage grass are enhanced; by performing mixed sowing on the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to a weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5) under fruit trees, the coverage ratio of land vegetation of the orchards is increased and water and soil loss is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, the soil fertility of the orchards can also be increased, the environment of the orchards is improved, the productivity of land is improved, and the aims of increasing the yield of fruit trees and the yield of the forage grass are fulfilled.

The invention relates to a quick regenerating method for vegetation of returning farmland to grassland zone in extremely cold areas, which comprises the following steps of: (1) mixing and seeding annual pasture oat and perennial pasture on the farmland returning to grassland zone, and building an artificial pasture integrating mowing and grass seed harvesting functions; (2) ploughing and raking the artificial pasture; (3) sowing the seeds and applying base fertilizer; and (4) mowing the oat forage grass in the first year and harvesting the grass seeds and mowing the perennial pasture in the second year or later after covering and compacting the grass seeds in the step (3). The method utilizes the annual oat and perennial pasture to form different biotypes of pasture mixing and seeding community, so that the weed spreading can be obviously suppressed, the soil humidity and air humidity are obviously improved, the evaporation capacity and water loss and soil erosion intensity are reduced, therefore, the soil exposure time is short after regeneration of the grassland zone, the vegetation covering is quick, the water retention and preservation of soil moisture effect is obvious, and the ecological and economic benefits are remarkable.

The invention discloses a method for restoring vegetations in a water-level-fluctuating zone. The method is capable of effectively preventing and controlling water and soil loss, intercepting and absorbing harmful chemical substances in a water body, reducing eutrophication of the water body and rapidly afforesting the water-level-fluctuating zone, and has the functions of fixing soil and retaining banks. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing soil of a riverside slope surface in a fluctuating zone, finishing the fluctuating zone along the contour line to form a step structure, and respectively digging a cuttage ditch on various steps of the step structure; 2) using nutrient soil to cover various cuttage ditches, inserting a plurality of living branch wooden piles, and connecting the adjacent living branch wooden piles on the same step by using a rope to form a whole, wherein planting grooves are formed between two rows of living branch wooden piles on the adjacent steps; 3) sequentially filling a lower mucky soil layer, a water supply layer, an upper mucky soil layer and a nutrient soil layer into the planting grooves from bottom to top so as to form a planting layer; and 4) respectively planting submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and water-resistant tree shrubs in various planting grooves along the step structure from bottom to top, so that a three-dimensional vegetation restoring space is formed.

The invention relates to a greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and a preparation method of the greening matrix. The greening matrix comprises the following components including quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder. By using the greening matrix provided by the invention, vegetation is greened again, so that soil erosion resistibility and water and soil loss interception ability are increased, land and water resources can be protected, environment can be beautified, water and soil loss caused by stacking waste slag is reduced, biological environment of mines is improved, and cyclic utilization of land sources is realized.

The invention relates to a pesticide and fertilizer mixing particle agent for controlling soil insects, which has the advantages of low cost, no pollution, no peculiar smell, strong absorption capability, good release effect, prevention of water and soil loss, control of underground insects, and enhancement of utilization rate of fertilizer efficiency, and is suitable for leek, corn, peanut and soybean. The mixing particle agent contains the following raw materials based on the total weight: 0.1%-10% of chlorpyrifos, 5%-20% of coating agent, 6%-15% of adhesive, 6%-10% of dispersant, and 45%-80% of NPK compound fertilizer, wherein the NPK compound fertilizer accounts for 25%-60% of the total weight of the medicine and fertilizer mixing particle agent; the coating agent is light-weight clay or low-grade diatomite; the dispersant is calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; and the adhesive is clay, dextrin or the mixture of the clay and the dextrin. The production method is characterized in that the adhesive, the dispersant and the NPK compound fertilizer are mixed and granulated by a granulator; the chlorpyrifos is dissolved in vegetable oil or organic solvent, diluted, uniformly sprayed to the surface of the prepared particle, coated by the coating agent, and sieved, and then the particle agent with the diameter of 1.0-4.75mm is prepared.

The invention discloses a method for reflecting natural erosion degree of regional soil. The method comprises the following steps pf: inputting each soil erosion factor parameter in a universal geographic information system (GIS) and obtaining erosion modulus based on a universal soil loss (USLE) model; and interpolating the erosion modulus as a sample value by the krige method in the presence of winsurfer software interface to obtain an erosion modulus contour map of the regional soil. The method can directly reflect the spatial change of the erosion intensity of the regional soil and provide rapid and reliable erosion modulus for regional soil and water conservation planning and water and soil conservation, thus multiplying the acquisition and updating efficiency and reducing the fieldwork cost.

The invention relates to a protection method for improving the salt expansion or the dissolution sink of salty soil, which is characterized in that calcium carbide ash, fly ash, zeolite and salty soil are adopted, are mixed and stirred according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:9 and are used for the filler improvement of a road embankment, broken stone and gravel are adopted as a buffer layer, bitumen, geomembranes and geotextiles are adopted as a partition layer, a geogrid reinforcement improved filler is adopted, a sack filled with greening grass seeds, shrub seeds and improved soil is adopted to press the toe of a slope, and a side slope adopts the protection of the companion planting of grass and shrub and the combination of a hanging net. The invention has the following advantages of: (1) adjusting measures to local conditions, making full use of the salty soil, saving resources, utilizing wastes, such as the fly ash and the like, and realizing the utilization of the wastes; (2) adopting a structural protection system formed by the improved salty soil and a geogrid together and solving the problems of stability and uniform settlement of a fill slope; and (3) combining the grass and the shrub, reaching the ecological requirement on one hand, solidifying a sloping surface on the other hand and preventing the water and soil loss and the salt expansion or the dissolution sink. The invention is suitable for the problem of engineering improvement of the salty soil in civil engineering and can be used for the engineering of the filling of a highway embankment, the protection of the side slope, the construction of a foundation, the improvement treatment of a foundation pit and the like.

The invention relates to a spatio-temporal dynamic analysis method of soil erosion in meso-scale watershed based on GIS. The spatio-temporal dynamic analysis method comprises following specific steps: the meso-scale watershed is divided into a plurality of grid cells as calculation units; soil erosion experiments are used for measuring research results and knowledge, and a plurality of factors related to soil erosion are extracted based on soil erosion experiment observation data; the plurality of factors are subjected to analysis and summary, an erosion factor collective drawing is established, and estimation on soil erosion amount of each grid cell is finished; and evaluation and analysis on watershed soil erosion states are finished based on soil erosion space variation analysis. According to the spatio-temporal dynamic analysis method, space nonuniformity of soil erosion and the factors of soil erosion is taken into consideration, so that a slope surface model is combined with GIS, and calculation on each unit is finished; and substance transmission and migration are taken into consideration appropriately, distribution calculation on soil loss is finished, and a soil erosion figure is obtained.

The present invention relates to emulsified asphalt, and is especially one kind of semi-solid emulsified asphalt with high asphalt concentration and in jelly state. The semi-solid emulsified asphalt consists of asphalt, surfactant, water, etc. The present invention features that the re-compounding of cationic surfactant and non-ionic surfactant increases the micelle concentration of emulsifier in the oil-water interface, and raises the emulsifying capacity of surfactant and the stability of emulsion. The product has high stability, high asphalt concentration and semi-solid state, and may be packed in plastic bag for easy storage and transportation in low cost. Before use, it may be diluted at will without needing demulcification. The product of the present invention may be used widely.

A method for cultivating corn in order to fight against drought and preserving the fertilizer in soil includes such steps as preparing soil in the autumn for collecting the rain in the soil, sowing in the spring in the furrow mode for decreasing the loss of water and soil, topdressing, and changing the furrows to bed for preserving water and fertilizer.

The invention discloses a water loss and soil erosion remote-sensing dynamic monitoring method based on a modified universal soil loss equation, which includes the implementation steps: 1) acquiring a rainfall erosivity factor, a soil erodibility factor and a terrain factor; 2) acquiring remote sensing images of a to-be-monitored area, performing land use/coverage category division according to the remote sensing images to obtain multiple land categories, and respectively estimating a vegetation coverage-management factor of each land category so as to obtain a comprehensive vegetation coverage-management factor; 3) extracting characteristic information affecting water and soil conservation from the remote sensing images, and estimating a water and soil conservation measure factor according to the characteristic information affecting water and soil conservation; and 4) calculating an average annual soil loss amount estimated value of the to-be-monitored area according to the modified universal soil loss equation, and outputting the value. The water loss and soil erosion remote-sensing dynamic monitoring method based on the modified universal soil loss equation has the advantages of reasonable estimated result, high universality, suitability for long-term dynamic monitoring of water loss and soil erosion in the area and wide application range.

The present invention discloses one kind of rude ore mining method for ion type RE ore, and the rude ore mining method includes static pressure injecting liquid via geotechnical engineering process, establishing impermeable layer in the bottom of ore block, and forming V-shaped draining holes, liquid injecting holes, tunnel, impermeable layer, etc. in the mine mount. The technological scheme includes proving up the RE ore bed thickness, establishing tunnel in the bottom of the rich ore, setting V-shaped draining holes, setting impermeable layer or transverse draining holes below the V-shaped draining holes, setting liquid injecting holes or tunnels for layer by layer injecting and collecting. The present invention can avoid the adsorption of soil to RE ion and water and soil loss caused by mining.

According to the invention, by using dredged sediment from water body such as eutrophicated rivers and lakes as the aggregate, plant straws, plant ash, ordinary portland cement, an organic fertilizer, a release fertilizer, a water-retaining agent and the like are added into the dredged sediment with uniformly stirring to form the bare slope plant adaptability matrix with certain adhesive performance. By employing the wet-type guniting technology for two-layer matrix guniting, the plant adaptability matrix is used for the plant restoration of bare mountain slope and can form a new plant cover layer in a short period. The dredged sediment is used as the matrix to control the loss of water and soil, thus minimizing the dependence on the clay resource and the restoration cost in slope restoration and solving the issue of dredged sediment treatment by the resource mode; and furthermore, the restoration method provided by the invention has high environmental, ecological and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling limited downslope tillage of a corroded slope farmland, which comprises the following steps of: firstly dividing each land block on the slope farmland into a plurality of small farming units along the contour direction; and then carrying out downslope tillage on each farming unit. The land blocks are respectively divided into a plurality of small farming units through horizontal ditches or ridges. In the invention, flow lines of sheet flows are cut by dividing the length of the slope; a runoff quantity hydrograph is smoother than that of the original slope surface; the water flow speed of the slope surface is reduced; the resistance time of the sheet flows on the slope surface is prolonged; infiltration is increased; the surface runoff is reduced; the sediment transport capacity of the flow is obviously reduced; soil losses are greatly reduced; and the water and soil conservation capacity of the slop farmland can be effectively improved. The method is simple, convenient and labor-saving to operate, can achieve the effect on soil and fertility conservation by adopting simple measures, has small investment and a low cost and has the characteristics of high efficiency, practicality, convenience for farmers to receive and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss, and particularly relates to a rainfall erosion measuring box. The rainfall erosion measuring box comprises a box body and a tilting mechanism, wherein the box body is used for bearing soil, and the tilting mechanism is connected with the box body for pushing the box body to make one end of the box body lower than the other end of the box body; a drainage hole is formed in the end face at one end which is lower when the box body is pushed by the tilting mechanism; a water collector is arranged above the end face and used for collecting water reserved by inclining soil on the top face of the box body. The invention further relates to a soil erosion amount measuring method with the rainfall erosion measuring box. The box provided by the invention can simulate a field environment in a laboratory or other non-field environments to measure water and soil loss, particularly, data of direct surface runoff and interflow can be acquired, and thus the box is convenient for scientific analysis and research workers to use.