694 results about "Soil conservation" patented technology

The invention relates to raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device and a method, which can be used for carrying out regular-time automatic monitoring on storm runoffs in the environment monitoring field or the water and soil conservation field. According to the sampling device, the whole sampling device is controlled to be started through a raindrop triggering device; when rainfall reaches a set value, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) can start a step motor, a water pump and a peristaltic pump in sequence according to steps and time intervals which are set in advance, so as to collect runoff water samples in different periods and point locations and assign to corresponding sample bottles for storage. By being arranged near a riverway for sampling in advance, the raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device can automatically collect the runoff water samples in an unattended operation during rainstorm, so that the outdoor sampling difficulty of rainstorm runoffs is greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of the sampling staff is reduced. Furthermore, the raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device further has the advantages of high sampling reliability, low production cost and compact structure.

The invention discloses a layered remediation method for chromium contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the actual chromium contamination condition of soil, determining the boundary of severe and mild chromium contaminated soil on soil depth, performing remediation on the severe chromium contaminated soil by adopting a chemical reduction stabilization method, performing remediation on the mild chromium contaminated soil by adopting a chemical or biochemical reduction stabilization method, performing soil conservation, balancing the soil acidity and alkalinity and performing later-stage tracking and monitoring. An actual chromium contaminated field serves as a support, the combined remediation methods are selected aiming at the current situation that the contamination degrees of the upper soil and the bottom soil are different, the severe chromium contaminated soil on the surface layer is subjected to remediation by adopting the chemical reduction stabilization method, the mild chromium contaminated soil on the deep layer is subjected to remediation by adopting the chemical or biochemical reduction stabilization method, the defects that the soil properties are not distinguished and a same remediation method is adopted in a unified mode in the previous research are overcome, and ex-situ remediation and in-situ remediation are combined to be used, so that the remediation method is reasonable in application under the condition that the remediation effect is guaranteed, the remediation cost is reduced, and the method can be applied to actual soil remediation on a large scale.

A method for improving an afforestation survival rate by water collecting, water retention and water replenishing comprises the steps of water collecting, soil preparation, water retention and water replenishing. The water collecting method comprises the steps that a soil preparation engineering mode is used for collecting natural rainfall water into forest land and plant pits; the measure of building a flow collecting face, a flow collecting pool, a water cellar and the like is used, in the adequate rainfall reason, the natural rainfall water is collected and reserved, and the natural rainfall water is used for supplemental irrigation when trees are in short of water. The water retention method comprises the step of using mulching films, wheat straw, dinas and the like for covering the plant pits. The water replenishing method comprises the steps that when it is arid and does not rain and when nursery stock is in water shortage, the methods of micro-irrigation, trickle irrigation, infiltrating irrigation under films, root-irrigation through tube inserting, water injection irrigation and the like are used for water replenishing; soil preparation is conducted, fertilizer is applied to the plant pits, plastic films are mulched for catchment and soil conservation, seeding and planting are conducted, a water collecting face and a water reserving cellar are built to collect rainfall water, and water replenishing and irrigation are conducted in the drought period in spring. The final purpose is to improve the afforestation survival rate and the preserving rate, and to improve the volume of forest tree growth. In addition, the important links further comprise suitable tree species choosing, application of the new technology, new method and new materials of afforestation, cultivation management, disease and pest control and the like.

The invention discloses a sectored multi-step ecological buffer type revetment system. The revetment system is provided with at least four levels of steps, blocking walls are sequentially arranged on the outer sides of the steps, one plant planting zone is arranged in the blocking wall of each level, soil matrix is arranged in the upper layer of each plant planting zone, yellow sand, ceramsite, soft rock and zeolite are sequentially in the lower layer of the plant planting zone of each level, and emersed landscape plants and submergence-tolerant plants are arranged in the plant planting zone of each level; hydraulic drop platforms are sequentially arranged in the corresponding positions of spaced plant planting zones of the blocking walls; and one guide plate is arranged between each blocking wall and the corresponding hydraulic drop platform; the plant planting zone of the first level is connected with a farmland drainage canal and is sectored towards the downstream to form a hydraulic-drop type hierarchical structure in an open sectored shape, the sector radius is 5-8 m, and the central angle is 45 degrees-75 degrees; and the blocking wall of the last level is connected with a river channel. The sectored multi-step ecological buffer type revetment system not only has the efficacies of protecting river channel side slope, and realizing flood water drainage and water and soil conservation, but also has good purification and landscape effects.

The invention relates to an exposed slope ecological restoration construction method using fermented sludge as a medium. The exposed slope ecological restoration construction method comprises the steps of: paving ecological rods on a slope surface of a slope in a contour manner and fixing the ecological rods through anchor rods; after the pavement of the ecological rods, performing bidirectional geogrid pavement to enable the bidirectional geogrid to cover the slope surface of the whole slope, and fixing the bidirectional geogrid on the slope surface of the slope through the anchor rods; spraying an underlying substrate on the slope surface where the ecological rods and the bidirectional geogrid are paved to enable the underlying substrate to cover the whole slope surface and the outer surfaces of the bidirectional geogrid and the ecological rods; after the underlying substrate is basically solidified, spraying a seed layer to enable the seed layer to cover the whole underlying substrate. The provided method achieves very obvious water and soil conservation effects and remarkable ecological fixation function on the slope, simple construction process, easy implementation, high efficiency and good effects, is suitable for large-area application, and has an obvious effect of optimizing the ecological environment and long-term significance.

The invention discloses a method for reflecting natural erosion degree of regional soil. The method comprises the following steps pf: inputting each soil erosion factor parameter in a universal geographic information system (GIS) and obtaining erosion modulus based on a universal soil loss (USLE) model; and interpolating the erosion modulus as a sample value by the krige method in the presence of winsurfer software interface to obtain an erosion modulus contour map of the regional soil. The method can directly reflect the spatial change of the erosion intensity of the regional soil and provide rapid and reliable erosion modulus for regional soil and water conservation planning and water and soil conservation, thus multiplying the acquisition and updating efficiency and reducing the fieldwork cost.

The invention provides an ecological ditch constructing method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage and relates to an ecological ditch constructing method for the farmland drainage. The purpose of the invention is to solve technical problems of poor water flushing resistance and low nitrogen and phosphorus intercepting and purifying capacity in the traditional ecological ditch constructing method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland drainage through arranging an ecological interceptor; and the ecological ditch constructing method provided by the invention is carried out in the following steps: first, planting plants on ditch walls and at ditch bottoms; and then arranging PVC pipes with holes at junctions of the ditch walls and the ditch bottoms; and arranging matrix intercept dams capable of replacing matrices at the ditch bottoms. The ecological ditch constructing method provided by the invention has the advantages as follows: without affecting normal drainage, the hydraulic retention time is prolonged, excessive water flushing is resisted, and soils in the ditches are uneasy to slip; compared with the traditional ditch, the comprehensive nitrogen and phosphorus purifying capacity of the ecological ditch is enhanced by 6-15 %; the capacity of intercepting and purifying nitrogen and phosphorus is strong; moreover, filled matrix of the matrix dam is solid wastes, so that a purpose of controlling waste by waste is achieved; and the ecological ditch constructing method provided by the invention can be applied to the field of environmental pollution prevention and water and soil conservation.

The invention relates to an ecological restoration partition method through combination of dominant ecological functions and ecological degradation degree. Original data of an area under research are acquired, preprocessing and information extraction are performed on the original data and an underlying data graph is drawn; four ecological function elements of water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, soil conservation and biodiversity maintenance are calculated; the ecological degradation degree is calculated and an ecological degradation degree graph is generated; an ecological restoration partition is divided into three levels and a partition graph of each level is generated; and the partition graphs of all levels are superposed so that a final ecological restoration partition graph is generated. According to the method, the limitation that the conventional ecological function partitioning only focuses on the main service function spatial layout of an ecological system can be overcome so that quantitative division of the ecological restoration partition can be realized, the targeted performance and the accuracy of the ecological restoration engineering can be enhanced and manpower and material resources can be saved.

The invention discloses a coastal saline-alkali soil terrace type afforesting method for improvement of dredger fill. The coastal saline-alkali soil terrace type afforesting method for improvement of the dredger fill comprises water seepage ditches, foundation terrain dredger fill, straw curtains, geotechnical cloth, improved planting soil, local models and the like, wherein square seepage ditches of the water seepage ditches are longitudinally excavated in the lowest position of the foundation terrain dredger fill, particle-size ballast stones are filled into the square seepage ditches, the distance between the foundation terrain dredger fill and the ground is 1-1.5m, the gradient of the foundation terrain dredger fill is 15 degrees to 30 degrees, straw is distributed on the foundation terrain dredger fill, the geotechnical cloth is laid on the straw curtains, and then the improved planting soil is laid on the geotechnical cloth. Due to the fact that the coastal saline-alkali soil terrace type afforesting method for improvement of the dredger fill is combined with the terrace type shape, the coastal saline-alkali soil terrace type afforesting method for improvement of the dredger fill is beneficial to retaining rainwater, enables salinity to be effectively leached and reduced, is beneficial to fertilizer and soil conservation, and enables the survival rate of landscape plants to be more than 90%, the waste is effectively utilized, natural resources are protected, and afforesting cost is reduced by more than 50%.

The invention discloses a slope protection method, wherein a gabion filled with construction wastes servers as a slope protection wall body, and quick afforestation is conducted to the gabion. According to the method, the gabion made of metal wires is filled with the construction wastes and is used for the ecological protection of a slope or a riverbank to form the slope protection wall body, and cement, clay, river sands, organic matters, improved vegetation concrete afforestation additives and plant seeds are injected into the slope protection wall body to afforest the slope protection wall body. The local recycling utilization of the construction wastes is achieved, degree of mechanization of the slope wall body quick afforestation method is high, cost is low, the contradiction between soil conservation and growth of plants is better solved, and application prospect is wide.

The invention discloses a water loss and soil erosion remote-sensing dynamic monitoring method based on a modified universal soil loss equation, which includes the implementation steps: 1) acquiring a rainfall erosivity factor, a soil erodibility factor and a terrain factor; 2) acquiring remote sensing images of a to-be-monitored area, performing land use/coverage category division according to the remote sensing images to obtain multiple land categories, and respectively estimating a vegetation coverage-management factor of each land category so as to obtain a comprehensive vegetation coverage-management factor; 3) extracting characteristic information affecting water and soil conservation from the remote sensing images, and estimating a water and soil conservation measure factor according to the characteristic information affecting water and soil conservation; and 4) calculating an average annual soil loss amount estimated value of the to-be-monitored area according to the modified universal soil loss equation, and outputting the value. The water loss and soil erosion remote-sensing dynamic monitoring method based on the modified universal soil loss equation has the advantages of reasonable estimated result, high universality, suitability for long-term dynamic monitoring of water loss and soil erosion in the area and wide application range.

The invention provides a remediation agent for heavy metal contaminated soil as well as a preparation method and a using method of the remediation agent. The remediation agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of a mineral material, 10-70 parts of a biomass material, 5-40 parts of a redox agent, 5-50 parts of an adsorbent and 0-30 parts of a pH regulator. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the five components according to a formula ratio, grinding, and screening to obtain the remediation agent for the heavy metal contaminated soil. The using method comprises the following steps: mixing the remediation agent for heavy metal contaminated soil with compound contaminated soil, adjusting the water content of the compound contaminated soil, and carrying out soil conservation and remediation. The remediation agent for the heavy metal contaminated soil can reduce the migration and bioavailability of the soil by reducing the heavy metal leaching concentration of the soil, thereby realizing the stabilization of the soil for the various heavy metals; the remediation agent for the heavy metal contaminated soil has the advantagesof being low in cost, short in repair period, good in repair effect, wide in application range and free from secondary pollution, and the like.

The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring, discloses a water and soil conservation monitoring method based on unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude remote sensing and object-oriented classification, and solves the problems of poor applicability and low working efficiency of an existing method. The method comprises the following steps that: carrying a visible light camera on anunmanned aerial vehicle to shoot a water and soil conservation monitoring target area, and collecting a control point; carrying out coordinate system registration and area integral adjustment and multi-visual angle image dense matching to generate dense point clouds, furthermore, generating a TIN (Triangular Irregular Network), and generating the real three-dimensional model of an area to be detected through texture mapping; calculating and segmenting the three-dimensional model to obtain a segmentation scale which is suitable for the actual optimum of the water and soil conservation monitoring target area; determining a feature parameter index which participates in object-oriented classification, and carrying out supervision classification and extraction; and adopting an accuracy evaluation method and a confusion matrix based on position information to calculate total classification accuracy and a Kappa coefficient, and evaluating the classification accuracy of the model. The method is suitable for water and soil conservation monitoring.

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling limited downslope tillage of a corroded slope farmland, which comprises the following steps of: firstly dividing each land block on the slope farmland into a plurality of small farming units along the contour direction; and then carrying out downslope tillage on each farming unit. The land blocks are respectively divided into a plurality of small farming units through horizontal ditches or ridges. In the invention, flow lines of sheet flows are cut by dividing the length of the slope; a runoff quantity hydrograph is smoother than that of the original slope surface; the water flow speed of the slope surface is reduced; the resistance time of the sheet flows on the slope surface is prolonged; infiltration is increased; the surface runoff is reduced; the sediment transport capacity of the flow is obviously reduced; soil losses are greatly reduced; and the water and soil conservation capacity of the slop farmland can be effectively improved. The method is simple, convenient and labor-saving to operate, can achieve the effect on soil and fertility conservation by adopting simple measures, has small investment and a low cost and has the characteristics of high efficiency, practicality, convenience for farmers to receive and the like.

The invention relates to a heavy metal stabilizer for treating industrially polluted soil and a method for using the heavy metal stabilizer. The heavy metal stabilizer consists of phosphate, inorganic Composition of alkaline substances and adsorbents. The method of use includes: fully stirring and mixing phosphate, inorganic alkaline substances and adsorbents in proportion, and then adding them to the soil of industrially polluted sites for conservation. The invention does not contain any organic chelating agent such as dithiocarbamate or sulfide, has no secondary pollution and pollution-free; the method of use is simple, the cost is low, and it meets the benefits of energy saving and carbon reduction, economic benefits, and has good application prospects.

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling a pattern of a protective forest system. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring land utilization landscape characteristics of a river basin in each period, and analyzing the evolution characteristics of the land utilization pattern of the river basin; 2, analyzing the driving factors of the change of the landscape type of the river basin and the main driving power of the change of the land utilization of the river basin by a principal component analysis method; 3, analyzing and comparing the condition of the ecological service function of the river basin in each period in the aspects of water source conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, nutrient substance accumulation, atmospheric environment purification and biodiversity protection; and 4, performing dynamic simulation by using a gray linear planning method and a Clue-s model to acquire the landscape optimized configuration scheme of the river basin. By processing satellite images in different time sequences, the relation between the change of a landscape pattern and natural, social and economic activities is uncovered, a driving mechanism which influences the evolution of the landscape pattern is analyzed, and the method for regulating and controlling the pattern of the protective forest system on the basis of landscape ecology is constructed.

The present invention relates to a restoration method of a degraded ecosystem in hilly areas of Funiu Mountain in Western Henan Province in the technical field of ecological restoration. The restoration method comprises the following steps of selecting appropriate tree species, shrubs and grass species, reasonably performing structure configuration, and effectively restoring the ecosystem in a short time. According to the restoration method, regional vegetation coverage rate is improved by 20-40%, water and soil erosion is reduced by more than 30%, and soil nutrient accumulation is increased by 8-10%. The forest and grass ecosystem is reasonable in structure. Through screening and optimizing, a robinetinidin & medicago sativa and quercus variabilis & medicago sativa artificial forest and grass community structure mode which is high in water and soil conservation benefit is established, economic benefit per unit field area is increased by more than 25%, nitrogen fertilizer application mount is saved by 20%, and net income of farmers is improved by more than 15%. Ecological environment and climate in the experimental areas are largely improved.

The invention relates to a geology monitoring technology, and discloses a method for monitoring the water and soil conservation condition based on the three-dimensional laser scanning technology. The water and soil conservation condition can be efficiently and accurately monitored through the method. The method comprises the following steps of a, with a three-dimensional laser scanner as a data collection tool, carrying out data collection on a target to be monitored and acquiring a three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data map; b, preprocessing acquired three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data; c, establishing a three-dimensional data model of the target to be monitored based on the preprocessed three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data; d, acquiring monitoring data through analytical calculation of the three-dimensional data model. The method is suitable for efficiently and accurately monitoring the water and soil conservation condition.

The invention discloses a reinforcing and anchoring ecological restoration system for a high and steep waste slag side slope of a wind power plant in a mountainous area. The system comprises a slope surface reinforcing soil fixation structure arranged on a waste slag slope surface, a side slope drainage structure, a bottom blocking structure and a slope surface vegetation recovery structure. The slope surface reinforcing soil fixation structure comprises a reinforcing net and a plurality of baffles, and the reinforcing net and the baffles are fixed to the waste slag slope surface through main anchor rods and U-shaped nails. The side slope drainage structure comprises an intercepting ditch and a drainage ditch, the intercepting ditch is arranged at the top of the waste slag side slope, and the drainage ditch is connected with the intercepting ditch. The bottom blocking structure comprises a retaining wall arranged at the bottom of the waste slag side slope. The high and steep waste slag side slope of the wind power plant in the mountainous area has the growth conditions of general tree-grass and shrub-grass, it is ensured that a certain ecological restoration effect can be achieved in a short period, meanwhile, the requirements for long-term stability and water and soil loss prevention of the high and steep waste slag side slope of the wind power plant in the mountainous area can be met, and therefore the technical level limitation of traditional water and soil conservation governing of the high and steep waste slag side slope of the wind power plant in the mountainous area is broken through.

Provided is a experimental technique in the seepage-overland flow coupling erosion process of the water and soil conservation experimental technique and a seepage device thereof, wherein the technique includes the following steps of applying the grade constant head and the sectional type water supplying method according to the seepage control theory on the basis of the traditional overland flow erosion experiment technology, adding the device which can provide and control the seepage, to cause the steady seepage present on the dome, wherein the overland flow supplies water to the earth (infiltration) or the water in the earth supplies water to the overland flow (exfiltration) when performing the overland flow corrosion test by water discharge. In the overland flow corrosion test, the overland flow is the same all about on the dome, and the seepage is steady, even, and can be described according to the observation data, which realizes the effective simulation in the seepage-overland flow coupling erosion process, and quantitatively studies the effect rule and the mechanism of action in the overland flow erosion process, wherein the experimental result preferably matches with the overland flow real condition of the seepage. The invention can be widely applied in the overland flow erosion process of the seepage. The invention has simple implementation and convenient operation.

The invention relates to a method for producing energy-saving baked bricks by comprehensively using papermaking sludge and pulverized fuel ash or furnace bottom slag. The method for producing energy-saving baked bricks is characterized in that 5 to 30 parts of biological sludge, 5 to 30 parts of deinked sludge, 1 to 5 parts of white mud from alkali recovery, 5 to 25 parts of pulverized fuel ash or furnace bottom slag, and 50 to 70 parts of shale are mixed by weight; the mixture is extruded and molded before the mixture is cut into adobe; the adobe is put in a ring kiln; after the adobe is dried, the dried adobe is burnt for four to eight hours at the temperature of 900 to 1050 DEG C, thus getting the finished product. The method for producing energy-saving baked bricks has the advantages that all of the solid wastes produced by papermaking plants such as papermaking sludge, pulverized fuel ash or furnace bottom slag are effectively used for producing energy-saving baked bricks having excellent performance; the bricks have the characteristics of light weight, sound insulation, heat insulation, thermal insulation and radioactivity indices lower than national standard, and applicability for building energy-saving buildings. In addition, the method for producing energy-saving backed bricks have the advantages of short production cycle, low manufacturing cost, simple process, energy conservation, soil conservation, and small exhaust emission of SO2, and clean production.

The invention discloses a cement base soil-solidified-agent and preparation and application thereof. The soil-solidified-agent is prepared by the following raw materials by weight percent: 10-40% of sodium sulfate, 2-6% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-5% of carbamide, 2-8% of polyacrylamide, 1-5% of lauryl sodium sulfate emulsifier, 2-10% of triethanolamine, 10-60% of sodium silicate, 4-12% of sodium hydroxide, 2-15% of sodium carbonate,2-6% of potassium hydroxide and 2-8% of methyl sodium silicate; and the sum of the percentage is 100%. The soil-solidified-agent can be prepared into powder or liquid, can fully activate various physical, chemical and physical chemistry reactions of cement and soil, so as to greatly improve engineering performance of cement soil, improve strength, reduce dry shrinkage and improve durability. The invention can be widely applied to projects such as road foundation, embankment reinforcement, channel seepage prevention, water and soil conservation, side slope protection, pile foundation processing and the like.

The invention relates to a material for modifying side slope soil and a preparation method thereof. The material specifically comprises polyacrylamide, polyacrylate emulsion, bentonite, kaoline, desulfurized gypsum, fiber, water and the like in a certain weight ratio. By adopting the material, the water and soil conservation of the side slope soil can be effectively enhanced, and the side slope erosion is prevented or slowed down. The material has a good application prospect in the aspect of side slope protection.

The invention discloses a method for quantitatively monitoring the soil erosion change amount in real time for water and soil conservation comprehensive treatment. The method includes the steps that remote sensing images generated before and after water and soil conservation comprehensive treatment on a research area are acquired; a digital elevation model (DEM) and water and soil conservation measure remote sensing image pattern spots are extracted; the image pattern spots serve as a unit, and slope length factors L and gradient factors S of the pattern spots are calculated; vegetation coverage degrees B of the pattern spots are calculated through the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and vegetation coverage or crop factors C of the pattern spots are estimated according to the vegetation coverage degrees B; water and soil conservation measure factors P of the pattern spots are assigned according to existing research results; the soil erosion amount reduction proportion SEDP is calculated according to the formula that SEDP=1-SE<after-treatment>/SE<before-treatment>, wherein the SE<before-treatment> and the SE<after-treatment> express the soil erosion amount obtained before water and soil conservation comprehensive treatment of the research area and the soil erosion amount obtained after water and soil conservation comprehensive treatment of the research area respectively. The soil erosion amount change can be acquired only through extraction of remote sensing image information, invested cost is relatively low, and the method is convenient and quick.

The invention provides a hydraulically-powered rotary digging device for a small-type tree mover capable of protecting roots and conserving soil. The device comprises a down tree digging member and an upper spiral arm rotary conveying member which is fixedly connected with the down tree digging member; the down tree digging member comprises a deep digging arm; a moving arm, a down deep digging arm and a deep digging shovel which are symmetrically arranged at left side and right side of the deep digging arm; the moving arm is slidingly clamped in a transverse slideway of the deep digging arm; a mounting seat is connected to the middle part of the deep digging arm; a hydraulic clamping cylinder is connected between the moving arm and the mounting seat; the moving arm is connected with a holding hoop sleeve through a hydraulic holding cylinder; the down deep digging arm is mounted at an end part of the moving arm; the down deep digging arm is provided with a dovetail slideway in longitudinal direction; the deep digging shovel is inwardly and obliquely downwards installed on a spacing slide block; the deep digging shovel is slidingly matched with the dovetail slideway through the spacing slide block whose upper part is fixedly connected to the deep digging shovel, and the deep digging shovel is controlled to lift up and down by a deep digging hydraulic cylinder which is mounted on the deep digging arm. The device of the invention has simple structure and is efficient and reliable to operate; automatic control is convenient to realize; root protection and soil conservation are fulfilled and survival rate of trees is increased.