3147 results about "Drainage ditch" patented technology

The invention relates to a tunnel lining self waterproof drainage system, which comprises a surrounding rock bearing arch, a cast-in-place cement main waterproof layer, a pre-cast cement arch sheet layer and longitudinal drainage channels. Arch sheet layer construction gaps and cast-in-place cement main waterproof layer construction gaps are interlaced. The tunnel lining self waterproof drainage system is characterized in that movable drainage grooves are fixedly arranged below the pre-cast cement arch sheet layer of centralized bursting water seepage points of loose surrounding rocks, and form arch sheet drainage spaces with an inwards concave surface of the pre-cast cement arch sheet layer, the parallel drainage spaces distributed along the section of a tunnel form a movable drainage channel, the longitudinal drainage channels are communicated and are arranged on two sides of the movable drainage channel and the pavement of the tunnel, pre-embedded water guiding pipes are arranged at the centralized bursting water seepage points, a water outlet end of each pre-embedded water guiding pipe is arranged on the inwards concave surface of the pre-cast cement arch sheet layer, and pre-embedded grouting pipes are arranged outside the pre-embedded water guiding pipes. The invention completely solves stubborn problems of the tunnel on cracking, seeping, frost heaving, ponding or freezing and the like on the premise of not arranging an interlayer waterproof layer and a hidden seepage water blind pipe drainage system, and the tunnel lining self waterproof drainage system disclosed by the invention has a simple structure and is convenient to construct.

The invention discloses an organic tobacco field planting and field managing method, which comprises the following steps: preparing land and ridging, transplanting tobacco seedlings, applying fertilizer in fields, performing field management and pest control, and harvesting manually, wherein the section of a ridge is ladder-shaped, the ridge spacing is 100-120cm, the ridge height is 20-25cm, drainage ditches are formed according to the height of terrain, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted with the plant spacing of 45-55cm, watered with enough water, covered with soil, and covered with a mulching film, and the mulching film is broken to expose the seedlings, base fertilizer is applied before ridging and during the transplanting and topdressing is applied after the transplanting, the field management comprises seedling deficiency check and seedling supplementation, film removal, earthing up, water replenishing, topping, leaf retention and sprout removal, and the pest control comprises comprehensive control and chemical control. According to the organic tobacco plantation and management requirements, organic fertilizer is adopted, and a harmless medicament or biological agent is used for the pest control, so that the organic production of the tobacco is realized. Compared with the regular tobacco production method, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, copper, chromium and other harmful elements as well as the residual quantities of imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, permethrin, fenvalerate, thiamethoxam and other main pesticides can be obviously reduced.

The invention relates to a farmland runoff pollution ecological intercepting ditch. The cross section of the ditch is trapezoid; the two walls and the bottom of the ditch are hardened by a concrete plate on which a plurality of rectangular holes are formed, and plants which have high capacity of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus are planted in the holes; a plurality of check gates are arranged in the ditch; and the bottom of the ditch is provided with a plurality of filter boxes arranged in an S shape, holes are distributed on the four walls of each filter box all over, an adsorbing material which has high capacity of adsorbing the nitrogen and the phosphorus is filled in each filter box, and the plants which have high capacity of absorbing the nitrogen and the phosphorus are planted in the filter boxes. By the farmland runoff pollution ecological intercepting ditch, the nitrogen and the phosphorus in farmland drainage can be effectively intercepted, and the intercepting rate is over 50 percent and over 60 percent respectively; suspended matters in the farmland drainage can be effectively intercepted, and the intercepting rate is over 95 percent; the conventional farmland drainage ditch can be fully utilized, and the problem that ecological engineering occupies more cultivated land is solved; and engineering cost and maintenance cost are low, and the ditch is easy to operate and maintain and convenient to popularize and apply in a large area.

The invention relates to a reclamation method for saline and alkaline land, in particular to a method for rapidly constructing soda salinized dry farmland, and aims to solve the problems that reclamation of moderately-severe saline and alkaline land in the west area of Songnen plain is difficult and incomplete and existing reclamation methods are high in cost. The method specifically includes the steps of building of irrigation and drainage ditches, land formation, straw landfill, applying of ameliorant and organic fertilizer, rotary tillage, ridging and crop planting. The method has the advantages that the technical problems of high soil salinization degree, reclamation difficulty and incompleteness and high reclamation method cost of the existing saline and alkaline land in the west area of the Songnen plain are effectively solved; the method is relatively low in reclamation cost, effective, high in operability and applicable to extensive popularization and application; the pH (power of hydrogen) value of soil is lowered remarkably after reclamation, and emergence rate of crops is remarkably increased and the crops can grow normally after reclamation.

The invention relates to a one-time nitrogen supply and fertilizer application method capable of improving applied nitrogen fertilizer effect of cured tobacco. The method is characterized in that: organic fertilizer decomposed cake fertilizer, decomposed pig manure, inorganic potassium nitrate fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for the cured tobacco and calcium superphosphate are used as base fertilizers; the fertilizers are applied in holes uniformly at the same day of transplanting the cured tobacco, tobacco ridges are covered by using a double-color plastic film, furrows of the tobacco ridges are connected with a drainage ditch, and the nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer is 55 to 65 percent of the nitrogen amount of the base fertilizers; the nitrogen amount of the inorganic fertilizer is reduced by 45 to 55 percent according to the nitrogen amount of the inorganic fertilizers of the local base fertilizers and additional fertilizers, wherein the nitrogen of the potassium nitrate form accounts for 55 to 63 percent; in 25 to 35 days after the cured tobacco is transplanted, the film is uncovered, soil dressing is performed, and first top dressing is performed by using potassium sulfate and adopting a spraying mode; and second top dressing is performed in 40 to 45 days after transplanting, and third top dressing is performed after topping. In the method, the utilization rate of the cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 30 to 70 percent compared with the traditional fertilizer application, and the agricultural utilization rate of the cured tobacco nitrogen element is improved by 63 to 176 percent compared with the conventional fertilizer application; and the method is suitable for southern high-temperature rainy tobacco regions such as Guangdong and the like.

The invention belongs to protective fishery field, which in detail relates to two-cycle water treating system for industrialized fish culturing, with main characteristics being: internal recycle pool structure of various shape taking square outside and round inside as representation, cultivating fish in circular pool, the quadrangle outside pool is biological filter; water and pollution discharging pipe are equipped in bottom of pool; the mating outside circular system comprises drainage ditch, out biological filter and artificial wet land, feed ditch, pollution collecting tank; special air raising pump of U shape, high effective aeration, water raising cycle; the artificial wet land and out biological filter are combined together, depositing, filtering, adsorption, bacteria degradation, adsorption by aquatic plant and animal and cleaning water body high effectively; constructing open water inlet and outlet pitch which also used as biological filter by using fish pond to realize omni-bearing restore of cultivating wastewater. The invention is characterized by less equipment investment, low energy consumption, safe and reliable operation, convenient management and maintenance, outstanding ecological, economical and social benefit, low production cost and increased quantity and quality.

The invention relates to a method for constructing the roadbeds of heavy haul railways in saline ground areas, comprising the following steps: packaged sand drain method is adopted to reinforce and tightly compact the saline ground where a foundation is constructed; a first sand bedding is paved, and a first waterproof layer made by two cloth-a film earthwork synthetic materials is then paved on the first sand bedding; earth is taken around the foundation, and the roadbed body is constructed by the taken earth; revetments are arranged at both sides of the roadbed body, and mortar flag stones with drainage ditches are arranged on the revetments; a second sand bedding is paved on the upper surface of the roadbed body, and a second waterproof layer made by two cloth-a film earthwork synthetic materials is then paved on the second sand bedding; stop blocks with drain holes for roadbeds are respectively constructed at both ends of the tops of the roadbed body; a third sand bedding is paved on the second waterproof layer. The method for constructing the roadbeds of heavy haul railways in saline ground areas breaks through the traditional construction technology and provides guarantee for the improvement of the operation.

The invention relates to a method for improving and protecting a collapsible loess slope project, which is characterized in that: the loess slope project is protected by adopting improved loess (3), gunny bags (4), a protective net (5), a geogrid (6) and a drainage ditch (8), wherein the improved loess is prepared by stirring and blending lime, fly ash and loess in a volume ratio, the total volume of the lime and fly ash accounts for no less than 30 percent of the volume of the admixture, the SiO2 and Al2O3 total content of the fly ash is no less than 75 percent, and the lime is calcium quicklime or calcium hydrated lime; the geogrid (6) is high-density polyethylene uniaxial geogrid; the gunny bags (4) are jute gunny bags; and the protective net (5) is made of a flexible stainless steel material. The method has the advantages of stabilizing the slope, solving the stability problem of the fill slope, realizing waste utilization, afforesting the environment and preventing soil erosion by improving the structural protective system consisting of the loess and geogrid; and the method is suitable for improving the collapsible loess project in civil engineering and can be used for projects such as highway embankment filling, building foundation improvement, retaining wall reinforcement and the like.

The invention relates to a sewage in-situ purification system using a drainage ditch. The drainage ditch is divided into a treating ditch and a diverting ditch which are parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction; the front ends of the treating ditch and the diverting ditch are provided with diverting grooves; the front end of the treating ditch is provided with a grit chamber, and the tail end is provided with a sedimentation basin; a contact oxidation pond and an artificial wetland pond are arranged between the grit chamber and the sedimentation basin; and the grit chamber, thecontact oxidation pond, the artificial wetland pond and the sedimentation basin are spaced by a transverse partition wall. The invention can effectively carry out in-situ purification treatment to sewage by using ditch space, realize the continuous treatment and the purification to the sewage and enable the ditches to become a landscape harmonious with surrounding environment. The sewage in-situ purification system can carry out hydraulic drop oxygenation to the sewage by sufficiently using height difference variations inside the drainage ditch, reduce the cost of sewage treatment, does not generate secondary pollution and affect the flood discharge of the drainage ditch and can effectively intercept and remove high-concentration pollutants caused by the flush effect of initial rain.

The invention discloses a method for quickly improving inland severe saline-alkaline wasteland. The method mainly comprises the steps of scraping ground surface salinity, performing deep ploughing and stubble cleaning, spreading desulfurization gypsum and weathered coal in a layered mode, digging drainage ditches, making field ridges to form strip fields, finely flattening the land, performing leisure salt leaching in rainy season, evenly applying an organic fertilizer and a modifying agent, performing winter irrigation for salt leaching, continuously spreading the desulfurization gypsum and weathered coal in the second year and third year in a layered mode, evenly applying half of organic fertilizer and modifying agent dosage and performing winter irrigation for salt leaching; planting leguminous green manure vicia villosa or alfalfa in the first year after improvement, performing mowing and green manure dressing and ploughing soil at a vigorously growing stage; planting sugarbeet or forage maize at the second year; planting grain corns or sorghums at the third year, and normally ploughing and using the land at the fourth year. The method for quickly improving the inland severe saline-alkaline wasteland integrates water irrigation and drainage, salt leaching, soil salinization controlling on flat ground, chemical salinization improvement, biological salinization controlling and other technologies and can quickly reduce soil pH and ESP of the inland saline-alkaline wasteland, improve the saline-alkaline wasteland improving speed and shorten an improvement period for changing the wasteland into cultivated land.

The invention discloses a muddy saline soil forestation method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) digging drainage ditches (1) and building platform fields(15); 2) digging plant pits (3) for land preparation; 3) setting salt insulating layers (4) and basal discs (9) in the plant pits; 4) preparing sand loam soil; 5) filling the pits and transplanting the nursery stock; and 6) carrying out the fostering management. The method solves the problem of muddy saline soil forestation and greening. Through the measures of salt discharge and blockage, the method reduces the salt content in the range of the plant root system. The basal disc orientated rootage technology promotes the development of the root system, facilitates the nutrients and water absorption and unilateral salt discharge of the root system, and creates a soil environment benefiting the growth of the plant. The forestation method improves the survival rate and preservation rate of the nursery stock, and has lower cost than that of pure alien soil forestation. The method is suitable for the forestation and greening and vegetation restoration projects in the muddy saline alkali land, and can be applied to the artificial construction mixed with manual work and mechanical work.

The invention discloses a planting method for tea-oil trees. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting soil and an area, building horizontal steps on a slope around a mountain, digging drainage ditches on the inner sides of the steps, and digging pits at fixed points according to a planting distance, wherein the pits are arranged to form delta shapes; (2) after the pits are dug, properly applying garbage tankage, rice straws, dicranopteris pedata and farmyard manure, wherein base fertilizers are required to be deeply applied; (3) during the blossoming of the tea-oil trees, marking early blossoming type plants of a selected tea-oil tree variety, selecting high-yield and high-premonition plants from the marked plants when fruits are matured in the next type, and picking mature and full tea-oil tree seeds; (4) sowing the seeds from every early November to February of the next year, wherein germination is accelerated and the seeds are sown after the seeds are sterilized; (5) after the seeds come up, selecting seedlings, and filling gaps with the seedlings; and (6) after the tea-oil trees are fruited, applying the farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer or a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and urine in every May to July. The problems of irrational structure of a planting structure, low oil yield, shortage of scientific management and the like of the conventional tea-oil tree planting process are solved.

The invention relates a treatment and utilization technology of saline soil resources, in particular to a treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a water supply system consisting of a fresh water well, a water pump and a water supply pipe; excavating a salt leaching drainage ditch so as to establish a drainage salt leaching system; applying a cow dung and crop stalk fertilizer and a phosphogypsum soil and fertility improving fertilizer; with a small raised field as unit, irrigating fresh water to wash and leach salt; and planting and maintaining vegetation through cultivating the land by machine, sunning the upturned soil, planting the vegetation and irrigating the vegetation, wherein a planting technology with gradient increasing salt tolerance is adopted in planting the vegetation. According to the invention, for the salinity and structural characteristics of the muddy seashore saline soil, the muddy seashore strongly salined soil in the coastal zone is treated and utilized in combination with engineering measures, physical measures and chemical measures on the basis of salt tolerant plant appraisal; and The treatment and utilization method of the muddy seashore saline soil provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, resource conservation, soil treatment and utilization cost of less than 166.21 yuan/m2 and plant survival rate of more than 90%.

The invention discloses a maintainable tunnel drainage system, which comprises two longitudinal drainage ditches, a plurality of transverse and longitudinal drainage blind-ended tubes, a plurality of circumferential blind-ended tubes, a plurality of inspection shafts and two side ditches. The maintainable tunnel drainage system provided by the invention collects leakage water at the top and bottom of an arch of a tunnel, road surface water and flushing water by using the plurality of transverse and longitudinal drainage blind-ended tubes below a road surface, the plurality of circumferential blind-ended tubes behind a lining and the side ditches on two sides of the road surface respectively, gathers the water into the longitudinal drainage ditches on two sides of a roadbed and then drainsthe water out of the tunnel together, so that the stereoscopic tunnel drainage system is formed. In addition, when the longitudinal drainage ditches are blocked, the inspection shafts flush the longitudinal drainage ditches with high-pressure water, so that the whole drainage system can be maintained.

The invention relates to a pollution control method of farmland drainage in a plain tidal river network area, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The pollution control method comprises the following steps of: preliminarily clearing up a drainage ditch, and respectively sloping the bottom and the side slopes of the ditch along the farmland runoff water drainage direction to prepare ecological drainage ditch; then, reinforcing the side slopes of the ecological drainage ditch by using slates or porous water-permeable plates, and cultivating ecological plants on the side slopes and the bottom of the ecological drainage ditch in sequence; and finally, arranging a water collection tank at the junction part of the farmland drainage and the ecological drainage ditch. Runoff water flows into a river after being purified by the ecological drainage ditch. The invention has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, practicability, good purification effect, good landscape effect and the like.

The invention is suitable for the field of ecological restoration engineering, and provides a high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure. The structure comprises multiple stages of gentle slope belts, each stage of gentle slope belt comprises a rock slope body and a gentle slope platform, a drainage ditch is formed in each gentle slope platform, and water stopping ditches are formed in the two sides of each rock slope body which is further provided with a plurality of plant growing strips; each stage of gentle slope belt is further provided with a supporting assembly and a reinforcing assembly used for reinforcing the rock slope body and the plant growing strips of the gentle slope belt; each stage of gentle slope belt is further provided with a growing substrate layer and seed mixtures sown on the growing substrate layer, each supporting assembly comprises an iron wire net and a plurality of supporting anchor rods, the plant growing strips are installed on the iron wire nets, and each reinforcing assembly comprises an active protecting net and a plurality of reinforcing anchor rods. The invention further discloses a high and steep rock slope ecological restoration method. Because the reinforcing assemblies and the supporting assemblies are arranged on the rock slope bodies, the rock slope bodies, the plant growing strips and the growing substrate layers are reinforced, and plant growing stability and plant growing safety are improved.

An airtight flood and preventive partition door used for civil defense in metro running mainly comprises a door leaf, a door frame, a hinge, a hydraulic drive device, a manual and electric locking device, a manual gate valve, a manual and electric gate valve, a support locking device, a monitoring device and the like. A hydraulic drive system drives the door leaf to open and close. The manual andelectric locking device can open and close the locks manually and electrically. The gate valve is used for sealing a drainage ditch passing by the partition door. The support locking device is used for supporting and safely locking the door leaf. A monitoring system is used for monitoring the water level and state of each component and controlling action of each component. The partition door simultaneously satisfies the requirements of civil defense and flood standards, is suitable for the characteristics of the metro running structure, occupies little space, has low overall cost, is characterized in that all the components can be used manually and electrically, can be monitored remotely and opened and closed easily and quickly, and has higher application value.

The invention relates to a method utilizing coastal saline soil of the Yellow River Delta to grow peanuts, which comprises the following steps: (1) building platform fields which are 0.08-0.10 hectare in area and are separated by a main drainage ditch and drainage ditches; (2) respectively applying smashed crop straw and thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure to the surfaces of the platform fields, and then deeply ploughing and leveling the platform fields to obtain the leveled platform fields; (3) irrigating the leveled platform fields to enable the depth of water of the earth's surface to be 10-15cm, and obtaining the platform fields to be ploughed; (4) performing rotary tillage to the platform fields to be ploughed, then making rectangular pieces of land in the fields, establishing low banks of earth between the fields, sowing the peanuts in the flat rectangular pieces of land in the fields, applying compound fertilizer of 900-1,200kg/hectare and calcium superphosphate of 600-800kg/hectare between the lines, and covering a mulching film after seeding; and (5) performing field management according to the prior art. By means of the method, the coastal saline soil is improved effectively and economically, and good economic benefits and environmental benefits are obtained.

The invention discloses a siphon drainage method for tunnel wall water seepage disposal by using a dipping borehole. A dipping borehole is drilled in a water seepage point of a tunnel wall, and the relative altitude difference between the orifice and the hole bottom of the borehole is less than 8m; one end of a siphon drain pipe 3 is inserted in a hole-bottom standpipe, and the hole-bottom standpipe is inserted in the bottom of the borehole together with the siphon drain pipe; the other end of the siphon drain pipe is inserted in a water storage tank of a diversion pipe; underground water seeped from surrounding rock enters the dipping borehole to cause the water level to rise in the borehole and also cause a siphon process, the underground water in the borehole is drained to the diversion pipe in real time through the siphon drain pipe, and the water is guided to a drainage ditch of a tunnel through the diversion pipe and flows out of the tunnel. The method disclosed by the invention disposes the water seepage by dredging instead of blocking, thus avoiding the diffusion of an underground water seepage range. The construction of the tunnel side wall water seepage disposal is rapid and convenient, and a bad effect caused by a damaged lining impermeable layer due to the seepage-proofing disposal can be avoided.

The invention discloses a slope reinforced structure and a reinforcing method thereof. An intercepting drain (1) is arranged at the top of a slope. A drainage ditch (2) is formed in the surface of the slope. A drainage ditch (3) is formed in the bottom of the slope. A stone laying retaining wall (4) is arranged at a slope toe. The intercepting drain (1) is built by rubble. A C15 concrete cushion is arranged at the bottom of the intercepting drain (1). The slope reinforced structure relates to soil dressing spray-seeding technology and is capable of effectively reducing corrosion of organic base materials caused by slope surface rainwash and slope top runoff.

The invention discloses a basement bottom plate water drainage layer construction method. According to the method, a grait layer is paved at the basement bottom layer part, the self discharge function of the grait layer is utilized for realizing the water drainage, the traditional single water blocking mode is broken, water seeped from the outer wall and the bottom plate of the basement is firstly gathered to an anti-seeping wall water drainage ditch and is then gathered to a water collecting well through entering the water drainage layer to flow freely, and finally, the water is pumped and discharged into a municipal pipe network through an automatic water discharge pump. The water drainage layer is used as an isolation layer between the bottom plate structure and a decoration surface layer, seeped water can be effectively guided out, the dryness of the use surface layer is maintained, a good water drainage effect is reached, and the common quality problem of the basement outer wall and bottom plate seepage is effectively solved.

A method for building orchard via building soil at bare purple rock sloping fields comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting purple shale interbedding bare rock or purple shale bare rock gentle sloping fields with gradients of less than 15 degrees at the southeast slope of purple rock hillock to be used as the object for orchard soilbuilding; (2) delimiting explosion lines and shot hole points at the selected soilbuilding sloping fields along the contour line; (3) performing two times of layered directional explosions in spring, and stacking thin layers to form ditches, connecting the ditches with drainage ditches; (4) stirring the gravels in thin piles 1-2 times in high temperature seasons like summer and autumn; (5) backfilling the weathered broken gravels and half-weathered materials and weathered materials in next autumn, and filling organic fertilizers; (6) building horizontal ladder soils at the same height; (7) importing new soil and fertilizing according to standards, and importing fine granular soils; (8) after fruit trees are planted, turning over the surface soil layer; (9) interplanting crops, increasing the soil fertility, wherein watermelon and leguminous crops are planted in the first two years for improving soil fertility; and 1000-1500 kg of livestock and poultry manures are applied in every 667m<2> for interplanting watermelon. By adopting the invention, soils can be built in the bare purple rock sloping fields, and orchard is built; the purpose of recycling and highly-efficient utilization of the lands difficult to use in purple rock areas is realized.

The invention provides a horizontal and vertical combined underdrainage device for improving interlayer soil of coastal mud flat reclamation area farmland. According to the device, coastal mud flat saline-alkaline land is provided with salt leaching channels, drainage bodies, concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits and open drainage ditches. The concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits are buried under the coastal mud flat saline-alkaline land according to the line spacing of 17-25 meters. The salt leaching channels are respectively provided with a vertical shaft every 4-6 meters in the length direction of the concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits, and the drainage bodies are arranged in the vertical shafts. The water inlet ends of the concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits are higher than the water outlet ends of the concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits, and the water outlet ends are connected with the open drainage ditches. The invention further provides a combined drainage method. According to the method, salt in the soil of the coastal mud flat saline-alkaline land is leached and flows into the vertical shaft type salt leaching channels along with water flow, and the concealed water flow collection and water suction conduits collect the water flow in the salt leaching channels and guide the water flow into the open drainage ditches. The device has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, convenient to construct and install, low in cost, short in improvement period, fast in effect, capable of being widely applied and popularized in the areas with the irrigation and drainage conditions and especially suitable for improving the highly-saline soil of the coastal mud flat reclamation area.