49results about How to "Smooth drainage" patented technology

The application discloses a soil and water loss prevention and control interception device, and belongs to the field of soil and water loss prevention and control.The interception device comprises an anchor mechanism, an interception net and a gasket.The anchor mechanism is buried in soil, which can improve the anti-aging, anti-corrosion and anti-wear performance, avoid damage of components caused by natural environment erosion in long-term outdoor use, prolong the service life, reduce the maintenance and replacement cost, enhance the fixing effect of the anchor mechanism on the interception net, provide stronger pulling force for the spiral anchor, prevent the interception net from shifting, guarantee the interception reliability of the slope main body soil and water loss, improve the installation and dismounting convenience of the inner hexagonal groove, and avoid damage of the interception net caused by the gasket.

This invention discloses a water utilization expansion joint with a one-way check valve, relating to the field of pipeline compensation technology. The water utilization expansion joint includes an inlet connecting ring and an outlet connecting ring. When used in deep burial applications, the water utilization expansion joint of this invention, through the cooperation of protective components, shielding components, one-way flow guiding components, and treatment components, can guide accumulated groundwater into the interior of the expansion joint, preventing the accumulation of large amounts of groundwater on the outside of the bellows from affecting its use and facilitating the normal operation of the expansion joint. Furthermore, during the flow guiding process, the installation and protective components reduce resistance to the water flow, ensuring smoother one-way flow drainage, and preventing backflow of high-pressure water from directly impacting the interior of the one-way check valve and damaging its internal valve core components, thus ensuring stable operation of the one-way check valve.

The utility model discloses a subway open cut tunnel quick drainage structure, the utility model relates to subway construction technical field, including pipeline, the middle part of pipeline is provided with pump body, and one end of pipeline is provided with intercommunication subassembly, and intercommunication subassembly is connected with pipeline through butt -joint subassembly, and the other end of pipeline is equipped with filter assembly, and filter assembly is connected with pipeline through connecting subassembly, and anti -backflow mechanism is arranged in filter assembly. The device can be installed on the existing drainage pipeline in the tunnel through the setting intercommunication subassembly and butt -joint subassembly, that is, the smooth drainage of the whole tunnel is realized by using the existing drainage pipeline, and the cost can be effectively reduced. The water entering the pipeline can be filtered through the filter assembly, and the filter assembly can be installed and disassembled through the connecting assembly, so that the filter assembly can be replaced or cleaned conveniently, and the filter plate is prevented from being blocked when the water diversion pipe diverts water into the drainage pipeline.

A landscape-integrated ecological rainwater inlet device, belonging to the field of municipal drainage structure technology, includes a base box with a drain outlet. A frame is inserted and installed at the opening of the base box. A flat floor with a water inlet is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the frame. A filter grate is embedded in the water inlet of the flat floor. A multi-stage filtration device is detachably installed inside the frame. Two water collection chambers are symmetrically arranged inside the frame. A green plant pot is installed above the flat floor. Four through holes are opened through the lower surface of the green plant pot. Hollow square tubes are fixedly installed at each of the four through holes. The lower ends of the hollow square tubes are inserted and installed inside the frame through the flat floor. A water-absorbing cotton rope is inserted between the two hollow square tubes on the left and right sides. The middle section of the water-absorbing cotton rope is located inside the green plant pot, and the two ends of the water-absorbing cotton rope are located in the corresponding water collection chambers. The overall design of this utility model can realize a closed-loop ecological integrated structure for rainwater collection, purification, and reuse, which has both practical and ecological benefits.

The utility model discloses a side slope photovoltaic foundation device for the sunny side of a road. The side slope photovoltaic foundation device comprises a prefabricated foundation anti-skid bottom plate, a road anti-collision pier arranged on one side edge of the prefabricated foundation anti-skid bottom plate and a plurality of photovoltaic foundation prefabricated piers which are arranged on the prefabricated foundation anti-skid bottom plate and form a square matrix. The prefabricated foundation anti-skid bottom plate, the highway anti-collision pier and the photovoltaic foundation prefabricated pier are of a prefabricated integrally-formed structure and are used for being constructed and installed in the same period with a side slope of a highway. The top end of each photovoltaic foundation prefabricated pier is provided with an assembly pressing block, and the assembly pressing blocks are connected to the photovoltaic foundation prefabricated piers through assembly pressing block embedded parts. The assembly pressing block is used for fixing the photovoltaic panel assembly. Drain holes are reserved in the road anti-collision pier and the photovoltaic foundation prefabricated pier respectively. A cable channel reserved hole is reserved in the upper portion of the photovoltaic foundation prefabricated pier. According to the slope photovoltaic foundation device for the sunny side of the highway, a prefabricated integrally-formed structure is adopted, the structure is stable and durable, meanwhile, a roadbed can be prevented from being damaged, and the sideslip risk of slope operation can also be avoided.

The application provides a defrosting and anti-freezing system of a heat pump heating unit and the heat pump heating unit. The defrosting and anti-freezing system comprises a main control board, a water collecting tray, an ambient temperature sensor and an in-tray temperature sensor. The in-tray temperature sensor is arranged on the inner side of the water collecting tray, and the main control board is electrically connected with the ambient temperature sensor and the in-tray temperature sensor. The water collecting tray is provided with a drain hole, and the outer side of the water collecting tray is provided with an electric heating belt which is electrically connected with the main control board. The outer side of the electric heating belt is further provided with a heat preservation layer. When the heat pump heating unit enters the defrosting mode, and the ambient temperature is lower than a first set temperature and higher than a second set temperature, the main control board is used for starting the electric heating belt, and when the temperature of the water collecting tray is higher than a third set temperature and lasts for a first set time, the main control board is used for controlling the electric heating belt to stop, so that the electric heating time can be reduced while ensuring that the water collecting tray avoids icing and smooth drainage, and energy saving and power saving are realized.

The utility model discloses throat head and neck surgery drainage equipment, and relates to the technical field of neck surgery drainage equipment, the throat head and neck surgery drainage equipment comprises a fixing piece, a mounting structure and a clamping structure, the mounting structure is arranged in the fixing piece, and the top end of the fixing piece is rotatably connected with a first threaded cylinder; first connecting cylinders are fixedly connected to the top end of the fixing piece and located on two sides of the first threaded cylinder; the device is fixed through the installation structure, the device is installed at a sickbed through cooperation of the lower fixing clamp and the upper fixing clamp, it is guaranteed that the device can be stably placed beside the sickbed, and it is guaranteed that the drainage process is stably carried out; when the patient needs to get up to move, the patient can wear the shoulder straps on the body, and the patient or a medical worker does not need to hold the device by hand to move; according to the device, stable clamping operation on the drainage tube is completed through the clamping structure, and the drainage tube is clamped by controlling the two clamping blocks, so that the device can adapt to drainage tubes with different diameters, and it is ensured that the drainage tube is stably clamped at a proper position.

The application discloses an openable explosion venting hatch cover structure for a hydrogen-containing cabin of a sea platform and a manufacturing and mounting method, and the explosion venting hatch cover structure is composed of a steel frame, an upper layer of profiled steel plates, a lower layer of profiled steel plates, a fireproof layer, a deck connecting structure and a ridge sealing structure. The hatch cover structure is higher than a deck plane as a whole, a hatch cover top surface adopts bidirectional pitching, a slope is not less than 5%, and a hatch cover structure steel frame bottom surface is horizontal. The hatch cover structure is formed as a whole through the steel frame, can be used as a roof lifting cover, has the advantages of overall lifting, overall dismounting and convenience for hoisting cabin equipment. The hatch cover structure is provided with the fireproof layer between the two layers of profiled steel plates, has the explosion pressure relief function and the fireproof function. The application solves the problems of rapid disintegration of the hydrogen-containing cabin hatch cover and pressure relief in the cabin, has the structural functions of being able to bear typhoon load, fireproofing, water sealing and the like, has the advantages of being openable, small damage to adjacent facilities, independent manufacturing, installation and maintenance and the like.

This utility model relates to the field of road subgrade structure technology, and in particular to a road subgrade structure based on the reuse of asphalt waste powder resources. It includes an original soil slope and a retaining wall. Two sets of reinforced concrete columns are provided between the original soil slope and the retaining wall. Reinforced concrete beams are provided at the upper ends of two adjacent reinforced concrete columns in the left-right direction. The roadbed body is formed on the upper surface of the reinforced concrete columns. A first plaster layer is applied to the inner wall of the first drainage ditch, and a second plaster layer is applied to the inner wall of the second drainage ditch. Anti-clogging devices are provided on the left and right inner walls of the first plaster layer. This utility model, by setting reinforced concrete columns on both sides of the lower surface of the roadbed body and providing reinforced concrete beams at the upper ends of the reinforced concrete columns, ensures the stability of the overall roadbed structure through the stress of the reinforced concrete columns and beams. The anti-clogging devices, through filter plates, block stones and foreign objects, preventing blockage of the first drainage ditch.

The utility model discloses a hydrogen peroxide sterilizer gas storage tank drainage device belongs to gas storage tank technical field, and its technical scheme main points include gas storage tank body, the bottom fixedly connected with drainage mechanism of gas storage tank body, the bottom fixedly connected with neutralizing mechanism of drainage mechanism, and drainage mechanism is directly connected gas storage tank bottom through the drain pipe, can export the condensed water and hydrogen peroxide residue deposited in the tank, avoid the problem such as gas pressure imbalance, equipment corrosion caused by liquid accumulation in the tank from the source, guarantee gas storage tank gas supply stability, and electromagnetic single -way valve realizes the automatic opening and closing of drainage channel through electric control, and the linkage logic of cooperation PLC controller can complete the drainage operation without manual intervention, adapts the automation operation demand of sterilizer, reduces manual maintenance cost, and heating screw rod and temperature sensor can monitor the temperature in the drain pipe in real time and heat as needed, effectively prevent the freezing of liquid under low temperature and block the pipeline or hydrogen peroxide residue crystallization, ensure that the drainage is unobstructed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a vein quantitative bloodletting treatment device for thoracic surgery nursing, which comprises a hollow base, the upper surface of the hollow base is fixedly connected with a rubber cylinder and a rolling bearing, the inner wall of the rolling bearing is fixedly connected with a support rod, and the top end of the support rod is sleeved with an L-shaped metal tube. The vein quantitative bloodletting treatment device for thoracic surgery nursing has the height adjusting capacity, the device can be conveniently stored, meanwhile, the vein bloodletting treatment device further has the functions of bloodletting drainage needle tube posture adjusting, precise quantitative bloodletting and automatic bloodletting pausing, smooth drainage of the bloodletting drainage needle tube is maintained, the risk of blood blockage is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. And in the bloodletting treatment process, medical staff do not need to frequently check the bloodletting amount, time and labor are saved, the bloodletting treatment effect is improved, the body health of a patient is guaranteed, the use convenience and reliability of the device are improved, and the labor intensity of the medical staff is reduced.

The utility model belongs to drainage tube technical field, specifically chest cavity multi -position drainage tube, including hose one, the inside lower surface left and right sides of hose one are all set up and have the through -going hole of through -going type, two the through -going hole between penetration has hose two, the right end of hose two penetrates hose one, the left end of hose two is set up as the connecting end, the right end of hose two curved end sets into the insertion end, the right end of hose two curved place sets up and has a plurality of through -going type through -hole, the utility model discloses buffer assembly can when hose one and hose two are subjected to the drawing to buffer, and when hose one and hose two are subjected to the drawing to drive the sliding of buffer block in the inner groove, and when the sliding of buffer block is guided through the sliding connection of guide rod and guide groove, then buffer block is extruded and is triggered to buffer the extrusion received, and make hose one and hose two are subjected to the drawing to get the buffer, and avoid the injury of patient after the drawing of hose one hose two.

The utility model discloses an adjustable drainage slope adjusting device, which belongs to the technical field of building roof reconstruction and is characterized in that the adjusting device is arranged on a rectangular pipe, the rectangular pipe is arranged on a truss, a roof batten is arranged on the rectangular pipe, the roof batten can slide along a first direction, the adjusting device comprises a plurality of groups of adjusting components, and the adjusting components are arranged on the truss. The adjusting assemblies are arranged between the rectangular pipes and the roof battens, the height of the roof battens is adjusted by rotating the adjusting assemblies, the adjusting assemblies are sequentially adjusted from the cornice to the ridge according to the drainage gradient, and each adjusting assembly is adjusted according to the linear gradient so as to be adjusted to the needed drainage gradient. The height of point positions of the adjusting assemblies is adjusted through differences, the overall gradient is formed, smooth drainage is guaranteed, original roof trusses and roof battens can be completely reserved, material waste is reduced, meanwhile, local fine adjustment is supported, and the problem of unification of complex slopes is solved.

This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy construction technology, specifically a hoist for water conservancy construction, including a transport platform. A hydraulic cylinder is rotatably mounted on the center of the top surface of the transport platform, and a support frame is rotatably mounted on one end of the transport platform. The advantages of this utility model are: by setting up a transport platform and a support frame, the support frame is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to rotate relative to the transport platform, thus facilitating the control of one end of the support frame to rotate into the interior of the foundation pit. By setting two first guide rails and a second guide rail, it is convenient to push the moving platform and water pump along the length of the first guide rail. When the support frame is in a horizontal state, the moving platform is positioned at the end of the support frame away from the transport platform. Therefore, after the support frame rotates into the foundation pit, the water pump enters the water, thus avoiding manual entry into the foundation pit and preventing potential dangers. The overall structure is simple and effectively solves the problems existing in the prior art.

The utility model relates to a ventilation ventilative slippers technical field, concretely is a ventilation ventilative slippers, including sole layer, the sole layer top is provided with the heightening layer, the heightening layer top is provided with the foot bottom layer, is connected with the shell on the foot bottom layer, is equipped with the drain hole on the heightening layer, the foot bottom layer surface is equipped with the overflow hole, the overflow hole is linked together with the drain hole, still be provided with the massage salient point on the foot bottom layer, the shell is equipped with the upper vent hole, the shell and the connecting position of foot bottom layer are equipped with side vent hole, the utility model discloses a purpose at to overcome the defect that the present slippers is poor in ventilation, and the water is difficult to drain, and has no massage function, provide a ventilation ventilative slippers of reasonable structure, good ventilation effect, smooth drainage, excellent antiskid performance and have the foot massage function.

The concentration equipment comprises a base, an adjusting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face of the base, a mounting box is arranged on the adjusting mechanism, a sleeve is arranged on one side of the mounting box, a feeding pipe and a pressurizing pipe are connected in the sleeve, a purifying mechanism is movably arranged in the mounting box, and a discharging pipe is arranged in the purifying mechanism. A liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the lower end of the mounting box; the xylooligosaccharide concentration device is simple in structure and reasonable in design, achieves the effect of rolling concentration of xylooligosaccharide raw materials in the concentration barrel, and compared with pure high-pressure concentration by stacking the raw materials above a filter membrane, is small in permeation resistance and smooth in liquid drainage, and remarkably improves concentration efficiency, shortens concentration time and reduces production cost due to continuous and slow mixing. Meanwhile, certain downward pressure is provided for the xylooligosaccharide raw material during concentration, sufficient extrusion of the interior of the raw material is guaranteed, the concentration efficiency is further improved, and the actual requirement for xylooligosaccharide purification at present is better met.

The utility model relates to a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor based on denitrification of a sulfur circulating biological system. The UASB reactor comprises a reactor column body, a bottom cover detachably connected to the bottom of the reactor column body and a three-phase separator detachably connected to the top of the reactor column body, a reactor column is of a double-layer cavity structure, an inner cavity serves as a reaction area, an outer cavity serves as a constant-temperature water bath area, and the constant-temperature water bath area and the reaction area are independently separated; a water inlet is formed in the bottom cover; the three-phase separator is provided with an exhaust port, a water outlet and a sampling port; a sludge layer, a suspension layer and a settling zone formed by a three-phase separator are sequentially arranged in the reactor from bottom to top, a defoaming device is arranged in the reactor, the defoaming device comprises a scum baffle arranged at a water outlet and is used for intercepting granular sludge with bubbles, pollutants such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), nitrate or nitrate nitrogen and the like in wastewater can be effectively removed, and the sludge treatment efficiency is improved. The centralized treatment requirement of the nitrogen-containing wastewater is met, and the anaerobic biological treatment efficiency of the nitrogen-containing wastewater is effectively improved.

The utility model discloses a kind of open-pit mine liftable drainage devices, belong to open-pit mine drainage technical field, including inner box and four drain pipes, the side surface of the inner box is equipped with four outer boxes, four The self-made universal joint is respectively arranged between four outer boxes and four drain pipes.In the utility model, by inner box and four outer boxes floating boat is formed, and floating boat is placed on the water surface of foundation pit to support horizontal centrifugal pump, in addition four drain pipes are placed on the ground outside foundation pit, so that four drain pipes and four self-made universal joints are connected, when draining, use horizontal centrifugal pump to make L-shaped water suction pipe produce suction, so that water in foundation pit is discharged through L-shaped water suction pipe, five-way valve, self-made universal joint and drain pipe, overall structure is simple, capital investment is small, and horizontal centrifugal pump is placed in the inner cavity of inner box, so that horizontal centrifugal pump will not be affected by water, and using hard pipe to drain, avoid the risk of pipe explosion.

The utility model discloses belong to the technical field of housing reconstruction and extension, concretely is a kind of adjustable gradient expansion joint device for housing reconstruction and extension, including two structural beam bodies of symmetrical arrangement, and the top end between two structural beam bodies is fixedly installed with fireproof belt, further include: the top closed assembly of which middle angle can be adjusted, and the both sides of top closed assembly are rotatably connected on the top of structural beam body through connecting assembly;For adjusting the middle angle of top closed assembly, and drive assembly is arranged between two structural beam bodies.The utility model structure is relatively flexible, so that the relative position of the connecting plate, center cover plate and lifting frame for sealing can be slightly adjusted, the included angle between center cover plate and lifting frame is changed, different house gradient is conveniently applicable, the drainage capacity of device is improved, and the service life of cover plate is prolonged.

The utility model discloses a steam oven drainage structure relates to steam oven technical field, including oven main part, the inside wall bottom end both sides position place of oven main part is symmetrically provided with two groups of drainage groove, the inside wall of drainage groove is symmetrically provided with two groups of sewer hole, the inside movable mounting of drainage groove is used for the cleaning assembly of sewer hole cleaning. The utility model discloses when rotating and opening the cover first will drive the rotation of pinion shaft and synchronous meshing drive the movement of jacks to one side, utilize jack and drive two groups of sliding blocks to move in the inside wall of drainage groove simultaneously, utilize the brush to scrape and clean sewer hole and the surface of the dirty mouth, when the cover is closed in the opposite direction rotation, the synchronous reverse movement of jack and two groups of sliding blocks and brush again cleans sewer hole and the surface of the dirty mouth automatically, prevents the dirt from blocking sewer hole and the dirty mouth, guarantees the smooth drainage, removes the step of manual cleaning, reduces the cleaning difficulty.

The utility model discloses a fixing device of a thoracic cavity closed drainage tube, which comprises a fixing patch which is a sticking sheet, and is characterized in that a support block is arranged in the middle of a non-sticking surface of the fixing patch, an arc-shaped tube groove is arranged at the upper part of the support block, the upper end of the arc-shaped tube groove is higher than the upper edge of the fixing patch, and the arc-shaped tube groove extends towards the lower edge of the fixing patch. Velcro tapes are arranged at the lower ends of the arc-shaped pipe grooves. The arc of the arc-shaped pipe groove is a quarter arc. The supporting block is made of plastic. And the supporting block is fixedly connected with the fixing tape and the magic tape. According to the fixing device of the thoracic cavity closed drainage tube, the drainage tube is clamped in the arc-shaped tube groove and extends downwards in an arc shape, the drainage tube does not bend excessively, drainage is smooth, the drainage tube is fixed together with the hook-and-loop fastener, the drainage tube cannot shake front, back, left and right, and pain caused by disturbance of an incision can be avoided.

This utility model provides a self-draining eyelid speculum, belonging to the field of drainage-type eyelid speculum. It includes a main support frame with side frames fixedly connected to both ends. A threaded rod is rotatably connected within the side frames, and two movable blocks are mounted on the threaded rod. A support arm is fixedly connected to the end of each movable block, and a support plate is fixedly connected to the end of each support arm. The support plate is U-shaped, with rounded corners at its bottom. A drainage channel is formed on the inner side of the support arm, and a plug is provided at the end of the support arm. A spiral groove is formed on the side wall of the drainage channel, with a semi-circular cross-section. Multiple diversion channels are formed on the inner side of the support plate, with one end of each diversion channel located inside the drainage channel and the other end having an inlet. Compared to traditional linear drainage channels, this design, through a spatially staggered layout and fluid-optimized structure, reduces the likelihood of drainage channel blockage during ophthalmic surgery.

The utility model discloses an outdoor rain sewage well lid structure with a good drainage effect, which particularly relates to the technical field of well lids and comprises a lid body, a leakage box is arranged at the bottom end of the lid body, an anti-blocking mechanism is arranged in the leakage box, a reverse osmosis mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the leakage box, a guide plate is arranged in the leakage box, and a water level sensor is arranged at the bottom of the guide plate. The anti-blocking mechanism and the reverse osmosis mechanism are both connected with a timer with the set time of 1 hour, the anti-blocking mechanism is composed of a first motor, a plurality of smashing assemblies and a belt, leakage holes can be prevented from being blocked, and the drainage efficiency is improved; the reverse osmosis mechanism is composed of a second motor, a plurality of plugging assemblies and a belt and can prevent reverse osmosis of sewage well gas. According to the utility model, the effects of high-efficiency drainage, reverse osmosis prevention and energy conservation are realized.

Compact fuel cell bipolar plate and its application in new energy vehicle battery, belong to the field of fuel cell bipolar plate structure, the technical key points are that the opening area of the anode plate is relatively arranged in the first direction of the bipolar plate, and the opening area of the cathode plate is relatively arranged in the first direction of the bipolar plate; The second side of the anode plate and the first side of the first membrane electrode are formed into a hydrogen side, the first side of the anode plate and the second side of the cathode plate are formed into a water side, and the first side of the cathode plate and the second side of the second membrane electrode are formed into an air side, for optimizing the flow distribution and mechanical support of hydrogen cavity, cavity and water cavity in limited space.

This application relates to the field of granulation equipment technology, and in particular to a cleaning structure for a twin-screw extruder granulator. Through the coordinated design of a cleaning component, a drying component, and a drainage system, it achieves efficient cleaning, rapid drying, and smooth drainage. The cleaning component ensures that the cleaning water evenly covers the inner wall of the barrel, the drying component dries the material rapidly using high-pressure airflow, and the drainage system prevents clogging through a funnel-shaped drain hole and a filter screen design, ensuring the smooth discharge of cleaning water and impurities. The overall solution improves the ease of equipment maintenance through automated control, meeting the production needs of modern industry.

The utility model relates to filter press technical field, concretely is a kind of high-pressure diaphragm filter equipment, including support frame, discharge structure and filter plate structure, the support frame includes side stand, and side stand quantity is two;The discharge structure includes conveyer belt, and conveyer belt fixed mounting is between two groups of side stand lower edge;The filter plate structure includes No. one frame and No. two frame, No. one frame inboard surface is fixedly connected with air bag side surface, and No. one frame front and rear two sides opening edge fixed mounting has No. one filter cloth, and No. two frame inside fixed mounting has No. two filter cloth.In the utility model, one No. one frame and two No. two frames on both sides form a filter unit, and multiple filter units form a complete filter structure, two adjacent No. two frames are closely attached to form a relatively independent water outlet gap, compared with traditional filter structure, there is an additional water seepage channel without reverse pressure, and drainage is more smooth, without backflow.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat pump equipment, specifically discloses a water receiving tray subassembly, installs in the inner chamber of the casing of air energy heat pump equipment, including water receiving tray and water receiving groove, water receiving tray is fixed in the middle part of inner chamber, and water receiving tray divides into upper chamber and lower chamber, and water receiving tray is equipped with multiple drain holes that pass through water receiving tray, water receiving groove is installed in the bottom surface of water receiving tray and is located below the drain hole, and the bottom of water receiving groove is installed with the drain pipe, the water receiving tray subassembly still includes the electric heating band that generates heat under the electrification, the electric heating band is placed in the water receiving groove, and one end of electric heating band extends to the water outlet of drain pipe. When in low temperature environment, if there is condensate water in water receiving groove and drain pipe and freezes, through electrifying electric heating band, electric heating band generates heat to make ice melt into water and flow out from drain pipe, and the drainage is smooth, thereby avoiding equipment failure.