40results about How to "Finish quickly" patented technology

The utility model relates to spot welding fixture technology field especially relates to a robot automatic spot welding fixture of turntable bottom plate subassembly, including mechanism body, be provided with lifting adjustment subassembly, positioning and pressing subassembly, lifting positioning subassembly, slide table positioning subassembly, head positioning subassembly, side edge mobile slide platform subassembly and vertical plate positioning subassembly on mechanism body. The utility model novel structure, can change type fast, can be compatible with different types of product model, realize flexible production, automatic welding, solved the problem of traditional through artificial clamping labor intensity, promoted the quality and production efficiency of product, saved work time, can accurate control workpiece's up and down, horizontal, vertical and angle positioning, adapt to different size and shape turntable seat circle and workpiece, improved welding accuracy, applicable to a variety of workpiece types and size, realized the multifunctionality and adaptability of equipment, can fasterly complete welding task, shorten production cycle, promote overall production efficiency.

This utility model discloses a terminal crimping mold, including a supporting base block. An outer mounting ring is horizontally fixedly connected to the outer side of the supporting base block. The top surface of the outer mounting ring has evenly distributed fixing through holes. A top horizontal groove is horizontally formed on the top surface of the supporting base block. A clamping motor is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the supporting base block. A clamping top plate is symmetrically snapped onto the top surface of the supporting base block. A supporting bottom mold is horizontally connected to the top surface of the supporting base block. This design effectively resists the reaction force generated by pressure, preventing the mold from shaking or shifting, ensuring smooth crimping operations, and improving production safety and reliability. The clamping motor and end cylinder can quickly and accurately complete the clamping and crimping actions, greatly shortening the time of each crimping cycle. Operators only need to perform simple terminal and wire placement and finished product removal operations, reducing manual intervention and operation time, and achieving a highly efficient production process.

The utility model discloses a catheter fixing device which comprises a fixing end mechanism, a middle fixing mechanism and a front end fixing mechanism. The fixed end mechanism is fixed with the end part of the catheter, so that the end part of the catheter is fixed on the fixed end mechanism; the middle fixing mechanism is located in the middle of the catheter and used for clamping the middle of the catheter. The front end fixing mechanism is located at the other end of the catheter and used for machining the catheter. According to the conduit fixing device provided by the utility model, the production efficiency can be greatly improved through the design and manufacturing of an automatic jig. According to the characteristics and process requirements of different workpieces, clamping, positioning and other operations can be accurately carried out, and therefore the production task can be completed more quickly.

The invention discloses an energy storage grid-connected and off-grid switching system and a control method thereof. The invention belongs to an energy storage system control system and method, and provides an energy storage grid-connected and off-grid switching system and a control method thereof for solving the problem that when a power grid in an energy storage system breaks down and is recovered, an existing grid-connected and off-grid switching method is likely to fail in switching. According to the first type, one battery pack, one power conversion system and one static change-over switch are sequentially connected to form an energy storage cabinet, and all the energy storage cabinets are connected in parallel and then connected to a power grid and a local load. According to the other mode, a plurality of static change-over switches are connected in parallel to form a static change-over switch cabinet, a plurality of power conversion systems are connected in parallel to form a power conversion system cabinet, and the static change-over switch cabinet is connected with the power conversion system cabinet and then is connected with a power grid and a load, so that flexible wiring can be realized, and a modularized structure is arranged, so that adjustment and capacity expansion can be conveniently carried out at any time; and the stability of grid-connected and off-grid switching can also be considered.

The utility model discloses a multifunctional adhesive tape winding device, it includes the shell, installs heat seal tube in the shell, is provided with heating area in the heat seal tube, one side of heat seal tube is provided with first cable access; one side of heat seal tube installs the clamping device for clamping cable, one side of clamping device rotatory installation adhesive tape support ware, the adhesive tape support ware includes adhesive tape placement cylinder and connecting seat, the adhesive tape placement cylinder fixed connection one side at connecting seat, connecting seat, clamping device with coaxial line arrangement of heating area to set up and be provided with with first cable access through second cable access on connecting seat and clamping device, and connecting seat is connected with motor through transmission mechanism. The utility model can complete cable connection vulcanization operation, effectively reduces manpower and time input, improves work efficiency.

This utility model relates to the field of processing and manufacturing technology, and discloses an AEM hydrogen production test bench assembly, including a test bench body. A cover plate is provided on the top of the test bench body. A voltage and current regulating power supply is provided at the front bottom of the test bench body, and an AEM stack to be tested is installed above the voltage and current regulating power supply. A debugging screen is provided at the front end of the test bench body below the cover plate, and an emergency stop switch is provided below the debugging screen. A hydrogen back pressure valve is provided below the emergency stop switch. An alkali tank is installed inside the test bench body, and a metering pump is installed at the rear end of the alkali tank. This utility model integrates the components into one unit, enabling testing and verification of key performance indicators of AEM electrolyzers, such as electrolysis efficiency, energy consumption, gas production quality, polarization curve, durability, and sensitivity. It also features an internal hydrogen leakage sensor and dedicated ventilation openings, making it a highly intelligent test bench that ensures safety during the testing process.

An AGV automatic casting machine comprises an AGV body, a casting mechanism, a control system and a sensing system. The AGV body comprises a bottom plate, AGV steering wheels and universal wheels are symmetrically fixed to the lower portion of the bottom plate, and the casting machine is controlled to run in a casting workshop according to a preset path; the pouring mechanism is composed of a pouring box, a driving device and an adjusting device. The pouring box is used for containing molten metal, the driving device is used for controlling the inclination angle of the pouring box, and the adjusting device can adjust the height and angle of the pouring box according to different pouring requirements. The control system comprises a controller, a communication module and a human-computer interface. The controller is used for receiving a signal of the sensor system and controlling the movement of the AGV body and the action of the pouring mechanism according to a preset program; the sensing system comprises a visual sensor, a laser distance measuring sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and the like. According to the automatic casting machine, the safety can be improved, and the safety risk caused by manual operation is reduced.

This invention relates to the technical field of concealed pipeline mapping, and in particular to an auxiliary device for rapid three-dimensional coordinate positioning of concealed pipelines in installation projects. The invention includes a mother drone equipped with a probe and camera mounted on it. A marking nozzle is connected to the mother drone, and the marking nozzle is connected to and installed on a daughter drone. The mother drone connects the marking nozzle and the daughter drone via a flexible hose and power cable. The device uses a mother drone integrating a probe and camera, enabling multi-angle, omnidirectional spatial scanning and image acquisition of concealed pipelines. This achieves rapid and accurate three-dimensional coordinate positioning of the concealed pipelines, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the positioning. The mother drone connects the marking nozzle and the daughter drone via a flexible hose and power cable, enabling remote synchronous control. The daughter drone can flexibly move to the pipeline positioning point and automatically complete on-site marking, avoiding errors associated with traditional manual line drawing and improving the accuracy and consistency of the marking.

This disclosure relates to a monitoring system and method for a bucket wheel stacker-reclaimer. The system includes: a coal inventory device for periodically scanning a coal yard to obtain first scan data of the coal yard, wherein the coal yard includes at least one coal stack; a coal stack scanning device for real-time scanning of the coal stack currently being reclaimed by the bucket wheel stacker-reclaimer to obtain second scan data of the coal stack; and a central control system, communicatively connected to the coal inventory device and the coal stack scanning device, for dynamically updating the original coal yard storage model based on the received first and second scan data to generate a dynamic coal yard storage model; and further for determining the operating status of the bucket wheel stacker-reclaimer and / or the coal yard storage information based on the dynamic coal yard storage model. This solves the technical problem of low accuracy in manual inventory checks.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas chromatography detection, and discloses a sampling device and a surface acoustic wave gas chromatograph. The sampling device comprises a positioning disc, a first mechanism and a second mechanism, wherein the positioning disc is provided with a plurality of placing grooves, and the placing grooves are used for placing sample bottles; the first mechanism is in transmission connection with the positioning disc and is used for driving the positioning disc to lift; the second mechanism is in transmission connection with the first mechanism or the positioning disc and is used for driving the positioning disc to move, so that the sample bottles in the placement grooves are sequentially aligned with the detection opening, and samples contained in the sample bottles can enter the detection opening through volatilization. According to the utility model, automatic sampling can be realized, the operation efficiency is improved, and the influence of manual intervention on the reliability and stability of a detection result is avoided; aiming at a continuous sampling link of multiple samples, errors caused by manual operation can be avoided, and the operation complexity is reduced.

This invention discloses a full-angle recognition device for a verification platform, comprising a part for collecting expiration date and batch number information and a part for collecting drug appearance information features. The part for collecting expiration date and batch number information includes one grayscale machine vision camera, one set of infrared photoelectric triggers, and five strip auxiliary light sources. The part for collecting drug appearance information features includes one color machine vision camera, two auxiliary light strips, a warning light strip, and a transparent drug verification platform. This invention employs a combination of color and grayscale machine vision cameras, assisted by light sources, to achieve effective image acquisition of drugs and rapid matching of multi-point information. It can simultaneously and quickly complete the verification of drug type, expiration date, and batch number. Furthermore, the high-performance processor significantly improves the device's operating speed and ensures its reliability.

The utility model discloses a stamping forming battery guard plate, include: mainboard, the side plate of setting in the both sides of mainboard and the bottom support of setting in the bottom of mainboard, the one side of mainboard is equipped with the reinforcing rib, and the one side of reinforcing rib is equipped with the stamping line, and the one side of reinforcing rib is equipped with a plurality of fixed holes, the top of mainboard is equipped with the roof, and the included angle department of mainboard bottom and bottom support all are equipped with the positioning slot, and the reinforcing rib of mainboard is integral forming structure with mainboard, and bottom support is integral forming structure with mainboard, and the one side of two side plates all are equipped with a plurality of mounting holes, the utility model discloses a kind of stamping forming battery guard plate, compared with traditional full CNC processing mode, production cost is significantly reduced by adopting stamping forming process, by optimizing processing flow, using stamping forming technology replaces part CNC processing step, not only reduce the use demand of high-end equipment, also reduce the dependence on professional personnel, to realize the effective control of production cost.

The application belongs to the technical field of surgical power systems, and discloses a smart control integrated surgical power system and a control method thereof. A collision detection module is used for detecting pose information and collision information of a tool head. A geometric constraint module is used for device space position and attitude constraint. A force feedback perception recording module is used for collecting information of a force feedback data unit. A force feedback execution module is used for controlling the start and stop and stepless speed change of a motor through a force feedback calculation judgment unit, a force feedback execution control unit and a multi-axis stress feedback execution unit. The application is a new electric bone tissue surgical device using electric energy as a power source, and increases force feedback perception function. Through the collaborative work of the collision detection module, the geometric constraint module, the force feedback perception recording module and the force feedback execution module, different tissue hardness is identified and converted, the function of cutting hard but not soft is realized, and surgical misoperation is avoided. The application not only retains efficient surgical operation at high speed, but also enhances surgical safety.

The present disclosure provides a breast nodule three-dimensional reconstruction method and system, the method comprising acquiring multiple frames of breast ultrasound images and preprocessing, the preprocessing comprising filtering denoising processing and image enhancement processing; a lightweight convolutional neural network structure is used to extract features from the images to obtain feature maps; a segmentation module is used to segment the feature maps; SGBM stereo matching operation is performed on the segmented images to obtain disparity information between the images, and the disparity information is adaptively corrected to realize three-dimensional reconstruction of the breast nodule; a dynamic calibration mechanism is established and an adaptive adjustment algorithm is designed to continuously optimize and calibrate the three-dimensional reconstruction operation. Through image preprocessing, optimization algorithm, dynamic calibration and adaptive adjustment, the present disclosure overcomes the problems of high image quality requirement, susceptibility to influence, large calculation resource consumption and low three-dimensional reconstruction precision in the prior art.

The utility model relates to the technical field of wall surface inclined supporting frames, and discloses a convenient-to-adjust assembly type installation device which comprises a first telescopic sleeve, a first fixed rotating groove is formed in an inner cavity of the first telescopic sleeve, and a cross-shaped sliding block is fixedly connected to the side wall of the outer ring of the first telescopic sleeve. The device further comprises a second telescopic sleeve, a threaded adjusting sleeve, a first adjusting rotating sleeve and a second adjusting rotating sleeve, a telescopic groove is formed in an inner cavity of the second telescopic sleeve, a cross-shaped limiting sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the inner ring of the telescopic groove, and a hole groove is formed in the side wall of the outer ring of the second telescopic sleeve. According to the wall board supporting device, a flexible adjusting structure is arranged, a flexible inclined supporting device can be rapidly adjusted according to the actual size of a wall board, supporting devices of different specifications do not need to be replaced, the supporting device is convenient to use, and the wall board supporting device is simple in structure, convenient to use and high in practicability. Therefore, the installation time and the labor cost are saved.

This invention discloses a yarn rack for textile processing, relating to the field of textile processing technology. It includes a base, a support frame on top of the base, casters below the base, a flipping mechanism on the base, and inner support mechanisms on both sides of the support frame. The flipping mechanism includes a connecting platform with a rotating shaft rotatably connected to it. A flipping plate is provided on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and the support frame is positioned at the top of the flipping plate. The inner support mechanism includes a yarn bobbin holder with a groove on its outer surface, in which a slider for supporting the yarn bobbin is disposed. The flipping mechanism drives the yarn rack to flip left and right. The flipping mechanism, in turn, drives the inner support mechanism to support the inner wall of the yarn bobbin, replacing manual feeding. After flipping, the slider releases, facilitating unloading. This allows for quick and accurate support and flipping of the yarn bobbin, avoiding the slowness and uncertainty of manual operation and preventing safety issues caused by yarn slippage due to improper human operation.

The utility model provides a kind of edge folding and flattening device of printing color box, including base, the top of base is fixedly installed with U-shaped frame, the top of U-shaped frame is installed with electric push cylinder one, and the output shaft of electric push cylinder one is installed with abutment plate;The output shaft outside electric push cylinder one is sleeved with cross plate, and the bottom of cross plate is connected with fixed plate;The top of fixed plate is inserted with upper die;The top of base is slidably connected with bottom plate, and the top of bottom plate is fixedly installed with lower die matched with circular groove to realize edge folding and flattening cooperation.The utility model can accurately flatten the edge of printing color box paperboard by the accurate cooperation of upper die and lower die, compared with manual edge lifting and edge folding, greatly improve the precision and quality stability of edge folding, ensure that the edge of each printing color box can reach consistent standard, improve the overall quality of product;Through the collaborative work of electric push cylinder one, electric push cylinder two, optical axis and spring etc., automatic edge folding and flattening operation is realized.

The utility model discloses a kind of gland devices for watch processing, including workbench, the upper side of workbench is equipped with two support frames, the upper middle part of support frame is equipped with first hydraulic cylinder, first hydraulic cylinder stroke end is fixedly connected with connecting plate and is penetrated through support frame, the lower side of connecting plate is equipped with mounting plate, the lower middle part of mounting plate is equipped with outer tube, inner rod is inserted into the lower end of outer tube, the one end inside outer tube of inner rod is fixedly connected with movable block, the lower side of inner rod is fixedly connected with pressing plate, the lower side of workbench located pressing plate is equipped with support seat, the upper side of support seat is equipped with second hydraulic cylinder on both sides, second hydraulic cylinder stroke end is fixedly connected with push plate, the side of push plate away from second hydraulic cylinder is equipped with clamping block. This kind of gland device positioning effect is good, can be quickly completed to the gland work of watch, with good buffering capacity, effectively guarantee the processing quality of watch.

This utility model discloses a cable stripper with a protective structure, including a protective frame and a stripper body. The stripper body includes a limiting plate and a stripping blade. The protective frame has a cable placement groove inside, and adjustment grooves are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the cable placement groove. A limiting plate is movably connected in the adjustment groove. An installation groove is provided on the inner top wall of the cable placement groove, and limiting slots are provided at equal intervals on both the left and right sides of the inner wall of the installation groove. This invention allows the cable to be stripped to be placed in the cable placement groove on a workbench. The operator only needs to slide the protective frame to drive the stripper body to open and strip the cable. This method allows for quick and efficient cable stripping, simplifies operation, and ensures a straight stripped opening for easier subsequent stripping. Furthermore, since the stripper body is located inside the protective frame, it effectively prevents contact with the operator's hands, thus enhancing safety.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training a policy neural network for use in controlling an agent using relative variational intrinsic control. In one aspect, a method includes selecting a skill from a set of skills, generating a trajectory by controlling an agent using a policy neural network while the policy neural network is conditioned on the selected skill, processing an initial observation and a last observation using a relative discriminator neural network to generate a relative score, processing the last observation using an absolute discriminator neural network to generate an absolute score, generating a reward for the trajectory as a function of the absolute score corresponding to the selected skill and the relative score corresponding to the selected skill, and training the policy neural network based on the reward for the trajectory.

The utility model discloses a liquid phase solution storage structure. The liquid phase solution storage structure comprises a fixed seat arranged on a mass spectrometer main body and a clamping seat connected with the fixed seat, the cross section of the fixing base is in a U shape, and the clamping base is detachably connected into the fixing base through the quick release assembly. And the clamping seat is used for fixing the liquid storage bottle. When the liquid storage bottle is fixed, the liquid storage bottle can be fixed only by simple operation of placing the liquid storage bottle into the clamping seat and placing the clamping seat into the fixing seat, the liquid storage bottle can be separated only by pressing the liquid storage bottle downwards and then lifting the liquid storage bottle when the liquid storage bottle needs to be taken down, and the clamping and detaching processes of the liquid storage bottle can be quickly completed through simple actions.

The application discloses a large space facility agile self-generating construction platform and a construction method, relates to the field of space on-orbit service, and solves the problems that traditional construction robots cannot meet flexible and various task requirements and that the connecting stiffness of a truss structure is low and it is inconvenient to disassemble and maintain after connection is completed. The application comprises a round pipe forming device, a truss forming device and a satellite platform, the round pipe forming device and the truss forming device are arranged on the satellite platform, and two assembly mechanical arms are arranged on the satellite platform; the round pipe forming device, the truss forming device and the assembly mechanical arms construct robots according to task requirements, the robots are used for constructing large space facilities, and the truss structures are connected through butt joint structures. The construction platform provided by the application can generate robots based on tasks, can construct various types of space robots on an orbit based on continuous forming equipment, and can realize on-orbit construction of large space structures through multi-arm cooperation and multi-robot cooperation.

The utility model discloses a tandem type soil sampling device with geotechnical cutting rings, which relates to the technical field of soil sampling and comprises an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve, two arc-shaped cylinders and a plurality of cutting rings, the cutting rings are arranged between the two arc-shaped cylinders in a series connection mode, the upper sleeve is arranged at the tops of the two arc-shaped cylinders, the lower sleeve is arranged at the bottoms of the two arc-shaped cylinders, through the structural design, soil samples can be conveniently and rapidly taken, stratified sampling can be achieved, and when the soil sampling device is used in a laboratory, soil sampling work can be rapidly completed.

The utility model relates to the technical field of logistics transfer, and discloses a monitoring device of a logistics transfer carrier, which comprises a supporting table, a first mounting plate is movably mounted in the supporting table, a container is fixedly mounted at the top of the first mounting plate, a fixing plate is fixedly mounted in the container, and a first fixing plate is fixedly mounted at the top of the first mounting plate. A sliding groove is formed in the fixing plate. Compared with a traditional device, the device facilitates the installation of the fusion sensor through the cooperation of the limiting block, the second installation plate, the telescopic rod and the second spring, thereby greatly simplifying the installation process of the sensor, achieving the rapid and accurate positioning of the fusion sensor through the optimization of the compatibility of the design and the carrier, and improving the installation precision of the fusion sensor. Therefore, installation time and labor cost are reduced, and overall efficiency is improved. And a good fixing and supporting structure is also provided, so that effective linkage and stability and reliability after installation of the fusion sensor are ensured, and adverse factors such as vibration, impact and the like are effectively resisted.

This utility model belongs to the technical field of daily necessities, specifically a convenient-to-install iron bed railing. It includes a snap-fit ​​mechanism comprising four plug-in blocks. T-shaped circular grooves are formed on the opposite sides of the left and right plug-in blocks. Circular snap-fit ​​blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the T-shaped circular grooves. Circular limiting plates are fixedly connected to the opposite faces of the left and right circular snap-fit ​​blocks. Springs are fixedly connected to the opposite faces of the left and right circular limiting plates, with the other end of the springs fixedly connected to the inner walls of the T-shaped circular grooves. This utility model, through its snap-fit ​​and button mechanism design, allows even non-professionals to easily complete installation and maintenance, saving time and labor costs. This design allows users to install or disassemble the railing quickly without cumbersome operations or professional skills. Whether for initial installation or subsequent disassembly and reassembly for various reasons, it can be completed quickly, improving convenience and efficiency.

The utility model discloses a novel refrigeration house structure which comprises a refrigeration house body, an air cooler is installed on one side of the refrigeration house body, a plurality of fixed flow guide plates are installed on the other side of the refrigeration house body, and movable flow guide plates are connected to the rear surfaces of the fixed flow guide plates in a sliding mode. A plurality of bearing seats are installed on the inner side wall of the refrigeration house body, a transmission shaft is installed on the bearing seats, a plurality of gears are installed on the transmission shaft, teeth are evenly installed on the rear surface of a movable flow guide plate, and the teeth are matched with the gears. And the blown cold air can be quickly blown to other places in the refrigeration house, so that the overall cooling work in the refrigeration house can be quickly completed.

This application relates to the field of computer technology and discloses an Excel import / export component system based on modular design, including the following modules: a field mapping module, used to automatically perform field mapping and generate field mapping relationships based on the semantic similarity between fields in the source system and the target system; it also provides an Excel import / export method based on modular design, including the following steps: uploading a source data file and parsing the file content, identifying source fields and preparing for field mapping and data processing; automatically generating the mapping relationship between source fields and target fields through the field mapping module, and optimizing the mapping relationship with the support of the optimization module. This invention achieves highly efficient and automated data processing by dividing the entire data processing process into five independent modules: field mapping, data type conversion, data cleaning and anomaly detection, optimization, and user interface, avoiding the performance bottlenecks and lack of scalability issues of traditional systems when facing complex tasks.

This invention discloses a digital twin-driven inspection method for new energy power plants, comprising the following steps: selecting and installing various types of sensors at key locations of critical equipment in the power plant; selecting suitable camera placement locations for different locations within the power plant using algorithms based on coverage and resolution optimization; completing a digital twin power plant performance model using a combination of laser scanning and camera imaging; forming an intelligent data display interface based on rule-based reasoning and machine learning, including fault prediction, diagnosis, and alarm mechanisms, thereby building a digital twin system; uploading information collected by sensors and cameras to the digital twin system using appropriate communication technologies; and completing the power plant inspection by using an inspection robot and cameras to collect power plant data. This invention, without increasing the cost budget, can simultaneously meet the requirements of real-time performance and accuracy, providing strong support for the safe and stable operation of new energy power plants.

This application belongs to the field of testing fixture technology and discloses a fixture for simultaneously testing four types of small boards. It includes an upper mold assembly, a pin carrier plate assembly, and a bottom frame assembly. The upper mold assembly is movably mounted above the bottom frame assembly, and the pin carrier plate assembly is installed inside the upper mold assembly to hold the small boards to be tested. The upper mold assembly includes a mounting plate connected to the bottom frame assembly, and the pin carrier plate assembly is located on the mounting plate. Fixing members are symmetrically arranged on the mounting plate, and a pressing module is movably mounted on the fixing members. The pressing module includes a connecting plate, a pressure plate, and a support plate. The connecting plate is movably connected to the fixing members, and the support plate is fixedly mounted above the connecting plate. Four vertical guide shafts are movably mounted on the support plate, arranged in a rectangle and penetrating the support plate. The bottom of the guide shafts is fixedly connected to the pressure plate, and a first gas spring connects the connecting plate and the mounting plate.

The utility model relates to the technical field of research, development and design of computer accessories, in particular to an improved radiator assembly structure which comprises a radiator body and a support, the radiator body is assembled on the support, and the radiator body and the support are arranged in an aligned mode. The support is provided with an installation hole used for assembling a bolt, the radiator body is provided with a receding opening corresponding to the installation hole, the radiator has the advantages that the radiator can be installed on a main board without disassembling a fan, the installation process is simplified, the installation difficulty is reduced, the installation steps are reduced, the installation cost is reduced, and the installation efficiency is improved. The installation efficiency is improved, a user can complete installation more quickly and more conveniently, use of a green user is more convenient, and the risk that surrounding parts are damaged in the installation process is reduced.