The present invention relates to a method of certifying a test animal-derived product sample, the method comprising the steps of:(a) determining a test
methylation profile of one or more pre-selected
methylation sites within the genomic material obtained from the test animal derived product sample; and(b) comparing the test
methylation profile obtained from (a) with a reference methylation profile obtained from a
control animal of the same biological taxon of the test animal from which the product sample is derived from, where the
control animal is bred under a known distinct type of
animal husbandry;wherein a significant similarity in the test methylation profile of (a) compared to the reference methylation profile from the
control animal, is indicative of the test animal having been bred under the same distinct type of
animal husbandry as the control animal and the test animal-derived product is certified so;wherein a difference in the test methylation profile of (a) compared to the reference methylation profile of the control animal, is indicative of the test animal having been bred under another distinct type of
animal husbandry as the control animal; andwherein the pre-selected methylation sites are CpG sites selected from genes or regions of
genomic DNA from the control and test animal that show the highest degree of methylation variation during the training of the method; andwherein the test methylation profile has significant similarity to the reference methylation profile when the test methylation profile overlaps with the reference methylation profile that is defined by multiple training samples using
Principal Component analysis and / or Multi-Dimensional Scaling; andwherein the methylation profiles are determined using at least one method selected from the group consisting of PCR, methylation-specific PCR, real-time methylation-specific PCR,
PCR assay using a methylation
DNA-specific
binding protein, quantitative PCR,
a DNA chip-based
assay,
pyrosequencing, bisulfate
pyrosequencing, Methylated
DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing and combinations thereof; andwherein the test animal is selected from
livestock or poultry.