The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to an adeno-associated virus vector for targeting cardiac vascular endothelium and an application of the adeno-associated virus vector. The invention aims to solve the problem that natural AAV has poor cardiovascular endothelial transduction capacity in vivo. The invention provides an adeno-associated virus vector targeting heart vascular endothelium. The library is constructed by inserting an R588 site of an AAV2 capsid protein gene into a coding sequence of random heptapeptide, and inserting the coding sequenceinto a plasmid skeleton containing an AAV2 rep gene and ITR through HindIII/NotI double enzyme digestion. After two rounds of in-vivo directed evolution screening, the two AAV variants EC71 and EC73are obtained, the transduction capacity of AAV to the heart vascular endothelium in vivo is improved, meanwhile, transduction to the liver is greatly reduced, and transgenic expression is maintained for at least four months in the mouse heart vascular endothelium. The EC71 vector is used for conveying the eNOS gene into a myocardial infarction mouse body, so that the activity of the eNOS protein of the heart and the lung is effectively improved, and the EC71 vector has a certain application prospect in gene therapy of cardiovascular endothelial related diseases.