The invention discloses a fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method for type and composition of yak muscle fibers. According to the fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method, yak muscle tissues are taken for total RNA extraction, the RNA purity and concentration are detected, the total RNA is subjected to inverse transcription to generate cDNA, then quality detection is carried out by taking GAPDH genes of yak as internal genes, and then a special detection primer is adopted for carrying out fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction, meanwhile, the GAPDH genes of yak are taken as reference genes for statistic analysis. The detection method and the detection primer provided by the invention are more accurate and more reliable than histochemistry evaluation; with the molecule quantitative classification method, accurate quantitative and analysis can be carried out on the type composition of the various muscle fibers in muscles at different parts of the yak, so that a technological base is laid for further study on the relevance between the muscle fibers and the meat quality trait of the yak, and meanwhile, compared with other methods, the fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method has the advantages of low workload and low cost, and high efficiency.