669results about How to "Improve signal-to-noise ratio" patented technology

A magnetic tape which comprises a nonmagnetic support, a magnetic layer which is formed on one surface of the nonmagnetic support, and a backcoat layer which comprises a binder and nonmagnetic powder containing carbon black as a component and which is formed on the other surface of the nonmagnetic support, having pits for optical servo formed thereon, characterized in that the average of the reflectance on the flat portion of the backcoat layer is 8.5% or higher, and that the maximum rate of fluctuation of the reflectance on the flat portion, depending on a position of the magnetic tape:

[Maximum of absolute value of (Reflectance−Average reflectance)]×100/(Average reflectance)

is 10% or lower. This magnetic tape is high in the initial S/N of the servo signal, and also high in the S/N of the servo signal found after the magnetic tape is run twice.

A method for compiling thermographic data including obtaining data indicative of a monotonically changing characteristic of a specimen, sequencing the data or a surrogate of the data into a plurality of groups, categorizing, within each group, the frequency distribution of an attribute of the data or an attribute of said surrogate data, and compiling, from one or more groups, a collection of two or more of the frequency distributions.

A hyper-spectral imaging system comprises imaging foreoptics to focus on a scene or object of interest and transfer the image of said scene or object onto the focal plane of a spatial light modulator, a spatial light modulator placed at a focal plane of said imaging foreoptics, an imaging dispersion device disposed to receive an output image of said spatial light modulator, and an image collecting device disposed to receive the output of said imaging dispersion device.

A time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion apparatus is disclosed. The time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion apparatus is applied for a television system and includes an input multiplexing module, a gain multiplexer and an analog-to-digital converter. The input multiplexing module receives a plurality of image signals, and samples the image signals according to a clock signal to generate a sample multiplexing signal. The gain multiplexer receives a plurality of gain signals and selectively transmits one of the gain signals corresponding to the sample multiplexing signal according to the clock signal, so as to generate a gain multiplexing signal. The analog-to-digital converter receives the sample multiplexing signal, the gain multiplexing signal and the clock signal. The analog-to-digital converter amplifies and converts the sample multiplexing signal to a digital signal according to the gain multiplexing signal and the clock signal.

The invention provides an embedded touch-screen LCD device and a control method. The embedded touch-screen LCD device comprises an upper baseplate, a common electrode layer arranged on the upper baseplate, a lower baseplate, a pixel electrode layer on the lower baseplate, and liquid crystal layers between the common electrode layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein the common electrode layercomprises a drive electrode and an induction electrode arranged opposite to the drive electrode; the pixel electrode layer comprises pixel electrodes and a touch-control electrode arranged between the pixel electrodes; and the touch-control electrode has mutually directly-facing part with both the drive electrode and the induction electrode. The embedded touch-screen LCD device has strong touch-control signal when being about to be touched and controlled, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the performance of the touch screen is improved.

A device for non destructive evaluation of defects in a metallic object (2) by eddy currents, comprises a field emitter (3) for emitting an alternating electromagnetic field at a first frequency fi in the neighbourhood of the metallic object (2), and a magnetoresistive sensor (1) for detecting a response signal constituted by a return electromagnetic field which is re-emitted by eddy currents induced by the alternating electromagnetic field in the metallic object (2). The device further comprises: a driving circuit (230) for driving the magnetoresistive sensor (1) by a current at a second frequency fc which is different from the first frequency fi, so that the magnetoresistive sensor (1) acts as an in situ modulator; a detector for detecting a response signal between the terminals of the magnetoresistive sensor (1); a filter for filtering the response signal detected by the magnetoresistive sensor (1) to keep either the frequency sum (fi+fc) of the first and second frequencies or the frequency difference (fi+fc) of the first and second frequencies, and a processor for processing the filtered response signal and extract eddy current information on defects in the metallic object (2).

The invention discloses a touch display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The touch display device includes a touch screen base plate and a pixel array base plate, and further includes a first shielding layer and a second shielding layer. The touch screen base plate includes a touch control structure layer and output leads of the touch control structure layer (including drive electrode leads and induction electrode leads); the pixel array base plate is provided with a pixel array and peripheral leads of the pixel array; the output leads of the touch control structure layer and the peripheral leads of the pixel array are overlapped in the light transmitting direction; the first shielding layer is arranged between the drive electrode leads and the peripheral leads of the pixel array; and the second shielding layer is arranged between the induction electrode leads and the peripheral leads of the pixel array. The shielding layers reduce the parasitic capacitance between the peripheral leads of the pixel array base plate and the output leads of the touch control screen base plate, avoid the condition that drive electrodes and induction electrodes of the touch screen are coupled through the parasitic capacitance, and further improve the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).

A method of capturing an image of a scene using an image capture device having an array of pixels, wherein the array of pixels includes pixels of different colors, includes, for a first duration, capturing a first portion of the scene with a first plurality of the pixels of a first color, and for a second duration, capturing a second portion of the scene with a second plurality of the pixels of a second color. The first and second durations are different and the first and second durations are chosen, at least in part, to improve the signal to noise ratio of the image capture device.

An optical disk recording apparatus and method utilize a recording beam source, a spatial light modulator that modulates a recording radiation beam into an information beam carrying information and a reference beam, a focusing unit that focuses the information beam and the reference beam onto an information recording layer, an image sensing device that detects intensity distribution of the information beam, and a control unit. The control unit controls the spatial light modulator on the basis of the intensity distribution detected by the image sensing device. An optical disk recording apparatus, and a control method thereof, thereby has a high signal-to-noise ratio.

An image of an object illuminated by illumination light having given intensity is formed as an optical image. The distance between respective points of the object is determined on the basis of a video which is obtained by acquiring the optical image with a given image pick-up gain. Here, either the intensity of the illumination light or the image pick-up gain is changed with time. The distribution of intensity of the image acquired by utilization of such intensity or image pick-up gain reflects a time lag between the time at which the illumination light is emitted from a light source and the time at which the light reflected from individual points of the object reaches an image pick-up device. The distribution of intensity includes information pertaining to the distance between the light source and the respective points of the object.

A device for protecting a microphone sensing surface, such as a diaphragm, from the detrimental effects of the ambient environment. The device incorporates a perforated surface to protect the microphone and in conjunction with a chamber volume creates an acoustic resonance in the 1 kHz to 20 kHz spectrum, which improves the microphone signal-to-noise ratio performance. The microphone is acoustically coupled to the chamber volume for sensing pressure of the ambient environment. There is no line of sight to the microphone sensing surface from the ambient environment, so that rain, wind and sand have no direct path to the microphone sensing surface. The perforations of the outer surface are small to prevent objects from contacting the microphone sensing surface via a direct path. Water drains from the chamber volume and does not become trapped if an embodiment of the invention is temporarily submerged so that the microphone returns to normal operation quickly.

Provided is an optical fiber distributed type sound wave monitor system. Narrow-linewidth frequency-modulated lasers output by a frequency modulation DFB fiber laser are used as the light source of the optical fiber distributed type sound wave monitor system, the lasers output by the frequency modulation DFB fiber laser enter an acoustic optical modulator and are modulated to be pulse lasers through the acoustic optical modulator, the pulse lasers pass through a first optical amplifier and a first optical filter and then enter a second circulator and sensor fibers, the pulse lasers per unit can emit rayleigh scattering light within the range of the passed sensor fibers per unit length, and signals output by the second circulator pass through a second optical amplifier to enter a second optical filter and output backscattering rayleigh signals. The backscattering rayleigh signals between different unit lengths on one sensor fiber are interfered with the method of an interferometer, the interfered signals pass through electrical signals output by a second photoelectric detector and enter the optical fiber distributed type sound wave monitor demodulation system though a phase carrier demodulation module, and the change analysis of the phases of the sensor signals at corresponding positions is achieved.

Systems, methods, and devices related to data converters are provided. In one particular embodiment, a network system data converter is provided. The network system data converter can include a first port that connects to a first cable for receiving data transmitted in a first signal transmission type, circuitry arranged and configured to convert the data from the first signal transmission type to a second signal transmission type and to transmit the converted data and power within the network system and, a second port that connects to a second cable for transmitting the data in the second signal transmission type and the power to a data device in the networks system. In one particular embodiment, the first signal transmission type can be differential data transmission and the second signal transmission type can be coaxial data transmission.

A method, device and system for determining a receiver location using weak signal satellite transmissions. The invention involves a sequence of exchanges between an aiding source and a receiver that serve to provide aiding information to the receiver so that the receiver's location may be determined in the presence of weak satellite transmissions. With the aiding information, the novel receiver detects, acquires and tracks weak satellite signals and computes position solutions from calculated pseudo ranges despite the inability to extract time synchronization date f, 'n the weak satellite signals. The invention includes as features, methods and apparatus for the calibration of a local oscillator, the cancellation of cross correlations, a Doppler location scheme, an ensemble averaging scheme, the calculation of almanac aiding from a table of orbit coefficients, absolute time determination, and a modified search engine.

A weather radar signal path for an aircraft. The signal path has an antenna, a digital down-converter, a first transceiver, fiber optic cabling, a second transceiver and a processing unit. The antenna is adapted to, in a first mode, receive reflected radar signals from atmosphere ahead. The digital down-converter is adapted to convert the reflected radar signals received by the antenna into digital radar signals at a lower frequency. The first transceiver is adapted to, in the first mode, at least transmit the digital radar signals through said fiber optic cabling. The fiber optic cabling is adapted to, in the first mode, transfer the digital radar signals between the first and second transceivers. The second transceiver is adapted to, in the first mode, receive said digital radar signals from the fiber optic cabling. The processing unit is adapted to, in the first mode, process the digital radar signals to generate weather information based on predetermined algorithm.

An electromagnetic telemetry system for transmitting data from a downhole assembly, which is operationally attached to a drill string, to a telemetry receiver system. The data are typically responses of one or more sensors disposed within the downhole assembly. A downhole transmitter induces a signal current within the drill string. The signal current is modulated to represent the transmitted data. Induced signal current is measured directly with the telemetry receiver system. The telemetry receiver system includes a transformer that surrounds the path of the current, and an electromagnetic current receiver. The transformer preferably comprises a toroid that responds directly to the induced signal current. Output from the transformer is input to an electromagnetic current receiver located remote from the downhole assembly and typically at the surface of the earth. Alternately, voltage resulting from the induced signal current can be measured with a rig voltage receiver and combined with the direct current measurements to enhance signal to noise ratio.

An overlay target with gratings thereon is illuminated and radiation scattered by the target is imaged onto detectors. A phase difference is then detected between the outputs of the detectors to find the mis-alignment error. In another aspect, an overlay target with gratings or box-in-box structures is illuminated and radiation scattered by the target is imaged onto detectors located away from the specular reflection direction of the illumination in a dark field detection scheme. Medium numerical aperture optics may be employed for collecting the radiation from the overlay target in a bright or dark field configuration so that the system has a larger depth of focus and so that the two structures of the target at different elevations can be measured accurately at the same time. Analytical functions are constructed for the grating type targets. By finding the phase difference between the two gratings at different elevations, misalignment errors can be detected. Analytical functions are constructed as a model for box-in-box type targets where data points away from the edges of the box or bars can be used in the curve fitting. Symmetrical functions are employed to further reduce noise.

The invention provides a fingerprint identification structure, a fingerprint identification method and a display device, belongs to the technical field of fingerprint identification, and can solve the problems of the exiting fingerprint identification method of low signal-to-noise ratio of an induction signal and poor fingerprint recognition accuracy. The fingerprint identification structure disclosed by the invention comprises a light emitting unit for emitting light to a finger, a light sensing unit arranged at the positions that light reflected by the finger and emitted by the light emitting unit can be received and used for generating the induction signal according to the intensity of the received light, a modulating signal generating unit for generating a modulating signal with modulation frequency and controlling the light emitting unit by the modulating signal to flicker by the modulation frequency, and a demodulation unit which is connected with the light sensing unit and used for demodulating the induction signal.

The disclosure is directed at a method of digital imaging comprising sensing photons on at least one pixel within a pixel array of a radiation detector; counting the photons using photon counting to produce a digital signal representative of the sensed photons; monitoring a photon flux associated with the sensed photons; and using photon integration to produce a digital signal representative of the sensed photons when the photon flux is higher than a predetermined photon flux.

A dark field surface inspection tool and system are disclosed herein. The tool includes an illumination source capable of scanning a light beam onto an inspection surface. Light scattered by each inspection point is captured as image data by a photo detector array arranged at a fourier plane. The images captured are adaptively filtered to remove a portion of the bright pixels from the images to generate filtered images. The filtered images are then analyzed to detect defects in the inspection surface. Methods of the invention include using die-to-die comparison to identify bright portions of scattering patterns and generate unique image filters associated with those patterns. The associated images are then filtered to generate filtered images which are then used to detect defects. Also, data models of light scattering behavior can be used to generate filters.

A demodulator is provided for a multilevel differential phase shift keyed signal, capable of eliminating polarization dependence due to birefringence and polarization coupling-induced light resulting from a waveguide structure, and also, polarization dependence due to dynamic birefringence produced at the time of driving a variable phase adjuster. The demodulator is configured of an optical delay line interferometer of a waveguide interference type. The S/N ratio of a demodulated signal in the demodulator formed by the optical delay line interferometer can be also improved. Further, both the polarization dependence and the temperature dependence of the optical delay line interferometer can be reduced. The disposition of a polarization converter and groves filled with a temperature compensation material makes it possible to provide a circuit configuration suitable for eliminating the polarization dependence and the temperature dependence of the optical delay line interferometer.

An embodiment of the invention provides a gain control method and a radio remote unit (RRU). The method is applied in an automatic gain control module, an ADC, a VGA and the RRU of a global mobile communication system of an ATT. The method comprises the following steps that: detecting instantaneous power of ADC signals in a first time period of a current time slot of a current frame by the automatic gain control module; determining whether attenuating gains of the VGA and/or the ATT according to a detected result; if attenuation is performed, configuring the gains after being attenuated to the module which needs to be attenuated; detecting mean power of ADC signals in a second time period of the current time slot of the current frame by the automatic gain control module; adjusting the gains of the VGA and/or the ATT according to the detected result and a preset power threshold; configuring the gains after being attenuated to the module which needs to be attenuated in the corresponding time slot of the next frame. By using the invention, a signal to noise ratio of an uplink signal can be effectively raised.

A differential absorption lidar includes: a light signal generation unit for generating first, second CW light signals with first, second wavelengths having different absorption coefficients with respect to a target, a light intensity modulation unit for subjecting the first, second CW light signal to intensity modulation with a first, second CW modulation signal having a first, second frequency in a baseband, a radiation unit for multiplexing the first, second CW light signals with the intensity modulated, forming the multiplexed light signals with two wavelengths in a predetermined beam size, and radiating the light signals, a reception unit for directly detecting scattered light from the target and converting the scattered light into an electrical signal, and a signal processing unit for extracting only the first, second frequency components from the electric signal, and detecting the concentration of the target from a difference in an amplitude of time wavelengths between two signals.

The present invention provides a sensor apparatus based on 2D films or 3D assemblies of cubic nanoparticles capped with an organic coating. The apparatus is used to determine the composition and preferably measure the concentration of volatile and non-volatile compounds in a sample, with very high sensitivity. Methods for use of the apparatus in applications such as diagnosis of disease, food quality and environmental control are disclosed.

The invention relates to a method of measuring the distance between a fixed point and an object, by the steps of:a) transmitting a light pulse (11) from the fixed point at a selected instant of transmission;b) periodically scanning of light intensity received at the fixed point and continuously storing, as a set of received scanned signal values, the scanned values at the scanning rate during a predetermined measuring time window (13) embracing the instant of reception of the light pulse reflected from the object;c) repeating steps a) and b) N number of times in order to obtain N number of sets of received signal values;d) summing the individual stored sets of received scanned signal values, set by set, to a summed scanned value set during a calculating window (14) following the N measuring time windows (13);e) repeating steps a) through d) in order to obtain a further summed scanning value set, whereby during or following step d) the further summed scanned value set is added, scanned value set by scanned value set, to the present summed scanned value set to actualize the latter, and whereby an equalizing portion of a summed scanned value set is optionally subtracted therefrom before and/or after the mentioned addition;f) searching within the summed scanned value set for significant scanning values which satisfy predetermined threshold values;g) repeating steps e) and f) until significant scanning values have been detected; andh) determining the looked-for distance from the position of the detected Significant scanning values in the summed scanned value set.

A rotary position detector includes a housing and a light source positioned to emit light rays onto a light detector assembly having a first number of toroidal-sector-shaped light sensors, which are disposed in “A,B” pairs about a motor shaft axis so that each “A” detector is circumferentially positioned between two “B” detectors. A light blocker is affixed for rotation with a motor shaft between the light detector assembly and light source and has a second number of opaque, pie-shaped elements arrayed about the shaft, the second number equal to one-half of the first number. An angular subtense of the light blocker elements is greater than that of a detector element. A signal connection between the light detector elements and a circuit measures a signal from the “A” and “B” detectors relating to an amount of light falling thereon, a difference therebetween related to an angular position of the shaft.

A retro-reflective identification tag capable of modulating an optical signal whereby to support bi-directional communication with an associated remote optical interrogation device. The tag comprises a MOEMS modulating layer over a retro-reflective substrate, giving the tag a wide angle of effective operation. The tag modulator may optionally be switched on only responsive to detection of a precursor beam from the interrogation system in order to save power. The interrogation device may make use of multiple optical wavelengths for communicating with the tag.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a microelectrode array chip sensor for electrochemical immunological detection. The invention uses silicon-based material to carry out manufacturing; and a chip integrates an electrochemical detected working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode, which has a good signal to noise ratio. The auxiliary electrode and the working electrode form a ring-disk structure, and the distance between the auxiliary electrode and the working electrode is small, thereby improving the sensitivity of the electrodes. The array distribution of a plurality of working electrodes can be used for multi-channel detection. The invention can be widely used for detection in various fields such as biological medicine and the like. The sensor is manufactured by using MEMS process, and has simple process and low cost.

The invention discloses a wavelet speech denoising method based on a new threshold function. The method mainly comprises steps: 1) noisy speech is generated; 2) wavelet decomposition is carried out on the noisy speech; 3) wavelet threshold processing is carried out on the noisy speech; 4) wavelet reconstruction is carried out on speech after processing; and 5) speech signals after denoising are obtained. The method focuses on processing in the step 3), and the step 3) directly determines denoising effects. In the step 3), a wavelet coefficient after wavelet decomposition on the noisy speech is subjected to threshold processing, which mainly involves threshold determination and threshold function selection. As the new threshold function is adopted, the problems that signals after processing generate oscillation as the traditional hard threshold function is discontinuous and great distortion happens after signals are processed by a soft threshold function can be solved. The new threshold function can better suppress noise, the signal-to-noise ratio of speech signals is improved, speech distortion is reduced, and better denoising effects are obtained.

The invention relates to the field of quantum security communication, specifically to a circuit module by APD single photon detection. The circuit module includes an input signal processing and gate pulse generating circuit, a bias generating circuit, an avalanche discriminator circuit, a digital-analog conversion circuit and an output signal processing circuit, wherein, the gate control pulse generated by the input signal processing and gate pulse generating circuit is narrow pulse. The invention has the advantages that: by adopting an inhibit mode of capacitance balance differential comparison, the invention can realize single photon detection of high signal-to-noise ration at a very narrow detection gate; even with the same narrow detection gate, the invention can also obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio; each part of the circuit is stable and reliable; the invention can realize low-noise detection of single photon in near infrared band, with high detection efficiency, low noise and high precision of detection time.