The invention provides a model-based gasoline engine calibration method, belongs to the technical field of gasoline engines, and designs and develops a statistical model based gasoline engine calibration method mainly for a dynamic property optimized calibration process of a gasoline engine. The model-based gasoline engine calibration method comprises the following steps: (1), design of test operating points, (2) establishment of a mathematical statistics model and (3), optimization of calibrating procedure design, wherein firstly, relatively fewer test points can be selected in a test design phase so as to reduce workload; then an engine statistical model is established with a mathematical statistics method after related data are acquired; and finally, optimized calibration is performed on the basis of the statistical model. Under the premise that the performance of the gasoline engine is improved without loss of calibration accuracy, the model-based gasoline engine calibration method has the advantages as follows: time is saved, the cost is reduced, the output torque is increased, and the problems that the traditional manual calibration method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in efficiency and the conventional automatic optimized calibration equipment is complicated in technology and expensive are solved.