1156 results about "Random sequence" patented technology

An apparatus for embedding information comprises: a blocking step for dividing data to be processed into blocks; an orthogonal transform step for obtaining coefficients by carrying out orthogonal transformation for each block; an embedding coefficient selecting step for determining coefficients in which the watermark-information will be embedded by using a random sequence which is generated by initial value; an information embedding step for sequentially embedding the watermark-information, which has arbitrary length of bits, by quantizing value of said coefficients using a predetermined value for quantization; and an inverse orthogonal transform step for carrying out inverse orthogonal transformation for modified coefficients to form block in which the watermark-information is embedded, as well as combining the divided blocks and reconstructing the original form.

The present invention provides methods for marking nucleic acid samples with detectable markers by adding different combinations of marker molecules to each sample. Each sample may be marked with a different combination of two or more marker molecules each carrying a different tag nucleic acid sequences. The tag nucleic acid sequences may be random sequences that are not naturally occurring in the nucleic acid sample and do not cross hybridize to sequences naturally occurring in the nucleic acid sample. Methods of detecting the combination of tag sequences present in a sample, in parallel with methods of genetic analysis of the sample are disclosed. Kits containing marker molecules suitable for generating barcoded samples by mixing different combinations of marker molecules into each sample are also disclosed.

A method is provided for adding a terminal sequence tag to nucleic acid molecules for use in RNA or DNA amplification. The method involves contacting with a mixture of oligonucleotides, each having a sequence tag template, a random sequence and a blocked 3′ terminus, under conditions such that, the random sequence anneals with the nucleic acid molecules and the nucleic acid molecules are extended using the sequence tag template as template. For synthesis of RNA from DNA molecules having terminal sequence tags, the method includes forming DNA templates having a double stranded promoter sequence and synthesizing RNA from the DNA templates. For amplification of sequences from DNA molecules having terminal sequence tags, the method includes forming DNA templates by extension of one primer having a sequence that is complementary to the terminal sequence tag and another primer having a sequence that is derived form one of the DNA molecules.

The invention relates to methods of labeling nucleic acids, such as fragments of genomic DNA, with unique sequence it referred to herein as “mosaic tag,” prior to amplification and/or sequencing. Such sequence tags are useful for identifying amplification and sequencing errors. Mosaic tags minimize sequencing and amplification artifacts due to inappropriate annealing priming, hairpin formation, or the like, that may occur with completely random sequence tags of the prior art. In one aspect, mosaic tags are sequence tags that comprise alternating constant regions and variable regions, wherein each constant region has it position in the mosaic tag and comprises a predetermined sequence of nucleotides and each variable region has a position in the mosaic tag and comprises a predetermined number of randomly selected nucleotides.

The present invention provides methods for amplifying a complete genome or transcriptome. The genome or transcriptome is prepared as a set of target nucleic acids and mixed with a first primer. The first primer comprises a target-binding region having a first random sequence of about 6 to about 9 nucleotides and a tag sequence that contains one or more non-natural nucleotides. The first primer is annealed to the target nucleic acids and extended by polymerase to produce a first duplex nucleic acid. The target nucleic acid is removed from the first nucleic acid. A second primer is annealed to the first nucleic acid having a second random sequence of about 6 to about 9 nucleotides and a tag sequence that contains one or more non-natural nucleotides. The second primer is extended by polymerase to produce a second duplex nucleic acid. The second nucleic acid contains a tag sequence on one terminus and a complement of the tag sequence on the other. The first nucleic acid is removed from the second nucleic acid. A third primer is annealed to the second nucleic acid having the same sequence as the tag sequence or a portion thereof and at least one of the non-natural nucleotides of the tag sequence. The third primer is extended by polymerase to produce a third duplex nucleic acid. The second nucleic acid is removed from the third nucleic acid. The third primer is annealed to the second nucleic acid and the third nucleic acid. The third primer is extended by polymerase. Repeating these last three steps thereby results in amplification of the genome or transcriptome.

A post-quantum physical-layer encryption/decryption system based on chaotic Baseband Modulation Hopping (BMH). The baseband constellation, mapping, power level, and phase will vary symbol-by-symbol according to assigned random sequences. Pre-shared secret keys are used as the chaotic system parameters, initialization, and quantization parameters to generate the BMH codes. The BMH physical-layer encryption/decryption system can be combined with digital-domain based encryption algorithms such as AES, code-based post-quantum cryptography, and other physical-layer secure communication techniques such as Frequency Hopping (FH) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). It can also be combined with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) to provide mutual authenticated key distribution. This invention can be applied to all kinds of communication systems including wireless (radio frequency, optical, quantum channel, sonar) and wire (optical fiber, power-line, telephone line, wire quantum channel, etc.), single carrier and multi-carrier, OFDM, MIMO channels.

In a wireless communication system in which A-DPCH (Associated-Dedicated Physical CHannel) and HS-DPCCH (High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel) exist, for the purpose of performing an appropriate outer loop transmission power control for HS-DPCCH even during an A-DPCH DTX (Discontinuous Transmission) period, transmission data monitoring section 12 monitors whether a bit sequence transmitted via A-DPCH is present or not, and dummy data generation section 14 generates a random sequence used for outer loop transmission power control of HS-DPCCH during a DTX period in which a bit sequence is absent, and coding section 16 performs CRC coding on the generated random sequence, and transmission radio section 22 then transmits the CRC-coded random sequence via A-DPCH.

A pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) for a cryptographic processing system is disclosed in which the PRNG is reseeded at each instance of input entropy and in which a standard timestamp variable used in determining random sequence outputs is replaced with a running counter. The method employed by the PRNG demonstrates increased resistance to iterative-guessing attacks and chosen-input attacks than those of previous technologies. The PRNG is suitable for use in, for example, a mobile telephone system for accomplishing secure communications.

A method is provided for extending a sequence repetition period of a random number generator in systems based on the availability of random sequences. The method includes performing RNS arithmetic operations to express a random number in a sequence as RNS residue values. Each generated random number has a value between zero and n!−1. The method also includes converting each of the RNS residue values to a relatively prime base number system so that each of the RNS residue values includes at least one digit. The method further includes generating an arbitrary permutation ordering of output sequence numbers using a select combination of digits associated with each of the RNS residue values. The arbitrary permutation ordering is applied to a cyclic structure having n elements. Each of the n elements has an associated output sequence number.

A robust means of watermarking a digitized image with a highly random sequence of pixel brightness multipliers is presented. The random sequence is formed from ‘robust-watermarking-parameters’ selected and known only by the marker and/or the marking entity. A watermarking plane is generated having an element array with one-to-one element positional correspondence with the pixels of the digitized image being marked. Each element of the watermarking plane is assigned a random value dependent upon a robust random sequence and a specified brightness modulation strength. The so generated watermarking plane is imparted onto the digitized image by multiplying the brightness value or values of each pixel by its corresponding element value in the watermarking plane. The resulting modified brightness values impart the random and relatively invisible watermark onto the digitized image. Brightness modulation is the essence of watermark imparting. Detection of an imparted watermark requires knowing the watermarking plane with which the watermark was imparted. Regeneration of the watermarking plane requires knowledge of the robust-marking-parameters used in its formulation. This is generally only known to the marker and/or marking entity. Once regenerated, the watermarking plane is used together with a verifying image located in a ‘visualizer’ to demonstrate the existence of the watermark. The process of watermark detection is enhanced by application of a blurring filter to the marked image before detection is attempted.

An apparatus, business method and program product for selectively providing access to a service facility such as a financial institution or bank. Client access codes (passwords, PINs) are maintained by the service facility in a database. When a client seeks access to the service facility, e.g., access to the client's account, a random sequence of character is generated and passed to the client. The client responds with an offset that when combined with the random character sequence is the client's access code. The client sends the code to the service facility and is granted access to the client's account. Optionally, the service facility may specify an intended relationship between the offset and the random character sequence, e.g., the offset is added/subtracted from the random character sequence. For additional security, dummy characters may be embedded in the random character sequence.

An apparatus for generating random data includes a raw random sequence source adapted to generate a raw random sequence and a digital post processor adapted to process the raw random sequence to generate the random data, wherein the digital post-processor includes a synchronous finite state machine having at least one input adapted to repeatedly receive a current value of the raw random sequence and at least one output to provide a current output value depending on previous values of the raw random sequence.

A method for allowing a first party and a second party to obtain shared secret information is provided. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining, by the first party, a sequence of values A=X+N^A where X is a sequence of values and N^A is a random sequence associated with the first party; obtaining, by the second party, a sequence of values B=X+N^B where N^B is a random sequence associated with the second party; performing, by the first and second parties, a data matching procedure to identify corresponding pairs of values, a, b in respective sequences A and B that match, wherein sequences A and B are discrete-valued sequences equal to, derived from, or derived using, sequences A and B; wherein the shared secret information is equal to, or derived from, or derived using, the matching values in sequences A and B.

The invention discloses an establishing method of an uncertainty mid-term and long-term hydrological forecasting model, comprising the following steps: using a wavelet analysis (WA), an artificial neural network (ANN) and a hydrological frequency analysis (HFA) in combination to establish the uncertainty mid-term and long-term hydrological forecasting model; dividing the original sequence into two sections of a main sequence and a random sequence on the basis that WA is used to reveal multiple time dimension variation characteristics of the hydrological sequences, adopting ANN for analogue forecasting on the main sequence and hydrological frequency analysis on the random sequence and overlapping the results of the two sections to be a final forecasting value. The model is used for the mid-term and long-term hydrological forecasting in the Yellow River estuary area, and compared with the traditional method, the results show that the model can reveal the time and frequency structures and variation characteristics of the sequences, has high forecast value result precision and acceptance rate, can quantitatively analyze and describe the impact of hydrological uncertain factors on the forecasting result and can obtain the analogue forecasting value of different frequencies to corresponding hydrological sequences.

The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for generating pseudo-random numbers with very long periods and very low predictability. A seed random sequence is extended into a much longer sequence by successive iterations of matrix operations. Matrices of candidate output values are multiplied by non-constant transition matrices and summed with non-constant offset matrices; the result is then processed through one or more modulus operations, including non-constant modulus operators, to generate the actual output values. The invention also includes the possibility of introducing non-invertible matrices into the operations. The invention creates final results that are equidistributed over large samples. Secondary pseudo-random and other processes determine the non-constant transition matrices, offset matrices, and modulus operators.

An approach for securely transmitting and storing data is described. A sending host generates a random sequence of characters as a keystream as a one-time pad. The keystream is bitwise combined with plaintext using an exclusive-OR operation to create ciphertext. The keystream and ciphertext are routed over physically separate communication paths to a receiving host, which decrypts by applying the keystream to the ciphertext using exclusive-OR, The separately routed paths may be established using MPLS labeling or strict route options.

The invention provides an image encryption method based on a two-dimensional compression perception and chaotic system. A wavelet sparse basis is used to carry out sparse representation of an image to generate a sparse matrix, then a random sequence generated by a two-dimensional sine-logistic chaotic system iteration is used to generate a measurement matrix, the measurement matrix is used to carry out compression measurement of the sparse matrix, and a preliminary compression encrypted image which is an intermediate result is obtained. In order to enhance the attack resistance ability of the system, the chaotic system is used again to generate a chaotic series to carry out pixel scrambling and cyclic shift operations on the intermediate result, and a final encryption map is obtained. According to the method, the two-dimensional sine-logistic chaotic system is used, the sequence randomness is increased, and the scrambling effect of the image is enhanced. The key space is expanded, the safety of an encryption system is enhanced, an excessive ciphertext data quantity is avoided, and a good encryption effect is achieved.