633 results about "Probability of error" patented technology

Memory cells are programmed and read, at least M=3 data bits per cell, according to a valid nonserial physical bit ordering with reference to a logical bit ordering. The logical bit ordering is chosen to give a more even distribution of error probabilities of the bits, relative to the probability distributions of the data error and the cell state transition error, than would be provided by the physical bit ordering alone. Preferably, both bit orderings have 2^M−1 transitions. Preferably, the logical bit ordering is evenly distributed. The translation between the bit orderings is done by software or hardware.

A method and apparatus as disclosed for face detection within images. A new vector, the discriminating feature analysis vector, is introduced to represent an image to be analyzed, from the DFA vector as processed using a Bayesian Classifier technique. The methodology provides a computationally efficient manner in which to detect faces with relatively low probability of error and false detection rate.

To improve the probability of error correction, thereby generating correct read data. Data is read from the same sector by a number of times and a majority decision is done in the same address, thereby the most frequently read value is regarded as the true data value in the address. For example, for an address 00, “00” is handled as a true data value.

Methods and apparatus for designing spherical lattice codebooks for use in data transmission systems are provided. A spherical lattice codebook is constructed by determining the channel statistics of one or more channels, which can be accomplished by observing a sufficiently large set of channel realizations. After determining the channel statistics, an expression for the error probability of the decoder or expressions for bounds on the error probability and expressions for the corresponding gradients are determined. The gradient is then used in an optimization technique to produce a spherical lattice codebook which is subsequently used for transmission.

There is provided an efficient, fast image processing apparatus with low error probability for rapidly scrutinizing a digitized video image frame and processing said image frame to detect and characterize features of interest while ignoring other features of said image frame. There is further provided an efficient fast image processing method with low error probability for rapidly scrutinizing a digitized video image frame and processing said image frame to detect and characterize features of interest while ignoring other features of said image frame. In a first embodiment of the invention an image processing apparatus comprises an imaging device coupled to a digital electronic image processor. Video data from the imaging device is linked to a location data source. Objects of interest in a scene are identified by comparing computed Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) of captured images with MSERs of images of objects contained in a object template database.

The invention discloses a method and a system for deploying a cloud host computer. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a virtual machine object according to a virtual machine establishing request of a user; modifying the attribute of the virtual machine object; converting the virtual machine object into a template data file; copying the template data file and creating a preset amount of pre-manufactured virtual machines; and receiving addresses and public key setting of the pre-manufactured virtual machines and enabling one of the pre-manufactured virtual machines. The method and the system for deploying the cloud host computer have the advantages of overcoming the disadvantages that the current cloud host deployment entirely depends on manual operation, production rate is low and maintenance cost is high, solving the problem of high error probability of the manual deployment of the cloud machine, and meeting the requirements of quickly deploying the cloud host machine and acquiring enough computing power.

In MIMO wireless communications employing LMMSE receiver, the symbols transmitted through a transmit antenna are estimated at the receiver in the presence of interference consisting of two main components: one due to the additive noise and the other due to (interfering) symbols transmitted via the remaining antennas. This has been shown to hamper the performance of a communication system resulting in incorrect symbol decisions, particularly at low SNR. IMMSE has been devised as a solution to cope with this problem; In IMMSE processing, the symbols sent via each transmit antenna are decoded iteratively. In each stage of processing, the received signal is updated by removing the contribution of symbols detected in the previous iterations. In principle, this reduces the additive interference in which the desired symbols are embedded in. Therefore, the interference level should reduce monotonically as one goes down in processing order. In a noisy environment, however, any incorrect decision made on a symbol in an iteration leaves its contribution in the updated received signal available for processing in the following iterations. Fortunately, if the level of interference is estimated and the soft bits are scaled appropriately by the estimated interference power, the performance of IMMSE receiver can be greatly improved. Preferred embodiments estimate the interference by computing the probability of error in decoding the symbols of the previous stage(s). The computation of decision error probability depends on the constellation size of transmitted symbols and introduces very little processing overhead.

Methods and apparatus are provided for sequential authentication of a user that employ one or more error rates characterizing each security challenge. According to one aspect of the invention, a user is challenged with at least one knowledge challenge to obtain an intermediate authentication result; and the user challenges continue until a cumulative authentication result satisfies one or more criteria. The intermediate authentication result is based, for example, on one or more of false accept and false reject error probabilities for each knowledge challenge. A false accept error probability describes a probability of a different user answering the knowledge challenge correctly. A false reject error probability describes a probability of a genuine user not answering the knowledge challenge correctly. The false accept and false reject error probabilities can be adapted based on field data or known information about a given challenge.

A user allocating apparatus and method in a multiple antenna mobile communication system supporting multi-user diversity is provided. Each user calculates effective Signal-to-Interference Noise Ratios (SINRs) and bit loading over every possible detection order and selects a detection order maximizing the number of channels with a minimum product of the minimum symbol distance of a modulation scheme and an effective SINR, thereby minimizing an average error probability. A base station receives detection orders from users and selects a user with a maximum detection order value. The base station then transmits data to the selected user using modulation schemes determined by the user for the transmit antennas.

A quantum key distribution method according to the present invention includes an error probability estimation step of estimating error probabilities of transmission data and the received data, an error correcting step of correcting errors in the received data based on error correcting information, a matching determination step of determining whether the transmission data and the received data after correcting errors match, and an information amount estimating step of estimating an amount of information leaked to an adversary through a quantum communication path, and further compresses data based on the amount of information made public in a process of processing via a public communication path and an estimated value of the amount of information leaked to the adversary through the quantum communication path to make the data after compression a cryptographic key shaped by devices.

OCR errors are identified and corrected through learning. An error probability estimator is trained using ground truths to learn error probability estimation. Multiple OCR engines process a text image, and convert it into texts. The error probability estimator compares the outcomes of the multiple OCR engines for mismatches, and determines an error probability for each of the mismatches. If the error probability of a mismatch exceeds an error probability threshold, a suspect is generated and grouped together with similar suspects in a cluster. A question for the cluster is generated and rendered to a human operator for answering. The answer from the human operator is then applied to all suspects in the cluster to correct OCR errors in the resulting text. The answer is also used to further train the error probability estimator.

The present invention relates to a method and a system of a high code speed low error probability underwater acoustic coherent communication for underwater transferring instruction, data and image. The communication system includes a host machine installed on a mother ship or a main control underwater vehicles A and a guest machine installed on an underwater vehicle B, wherein the host machine comprises an electronic subassembly, a transducer and a receiving line array which is vertically deployed and consists of more than two hydrophones, and the guest machine comprises an electronic subassembly and a transmitting/receiving transducer. The signal processing method of the present invention is based on the joint technology of the space diversity, the self-optimized adaptive decision feedback equalizer and self-optimized adaptive phase tracker so as to overcome the affection of motion of the channel and the vehicles, such that the received signal could be quite close to the transmitted signal, and the bit error probability is low.

Disclosed is a novel system and method for indicating a probability of errors in multimedia content. The system determines a user state or possible user distraction level. The user distraction level is indicated in the multimedia content. In one example, work is monitored being performed on the multimedia content. Distractions are identified while the work is being monitored. A probability of errors is calculated in at least one location of the multimedia content by on the distractions that have been identified. Annotations are used to indicate of the probability of errors. In another example, the calculating of probability includes using a function F(U,S,P) based on a combination of: i) a determination of user state (U), ii) a determination of sensitivity (S) of user input, and iii) a determination of user characteristics stored in a profile (P).

The invention discloses a long window scaling factor-based playback voice attack detection algorithm which is developed for solving a problem that rights and interests of a legitimate are damaged when conventional attackers use playback voice to enter a speaker identification system. The detection algorithm can be used for effectively identifying playback voice from different sources and is high in detection accuracy; after a module of the detection algorithm is loaded to a GMM-UBM system, playback voice attack resistant capability is improved, error probability of the identification system and the like is lowered by 32%, and a safety problem of the identification system is greatly alleviated.

The invention relates to a steering engine tester and a testing method thereof, which belong to the technical field of guided bombs. The tester comprises a control cabinet and a simulation load table, wherein the control cabinet comprises a steering engine controller, a regulated power supply, an industrial control computer, a display, a keyboard and a main power supply switch; the simulation load table comprises a photoelectric encoder, a torque sensor and a magnetic powder brake; a steering engine shaft of a steering engine to be tested is mechanically connected with a rotating shaft of the photoelectric encoder through a shaft coupling; the steering engine to be tested is in digital signal communication with the steering engine controller through a data line; and steering engine testing software is installed in the industrial control computer. The tester provided by the invention has the advantages of more plentiful testing contents, more complete testing equipment, more intelligent testing software, prompting of operating information on a software interface, shielding of keys which are required to be operated, change of parameter input items according to selected testing items, information prompt for improper operation, and great reduction in the probability of error operation.

A method and system for wear balancing in a flash memory device using bit error probability is disclosed. The flash memory device includes blocks with different life spans, leading potentially to one block wearing out before the other. In order to avoid this, a controller is configured to determine a bit error probability of a block and determine, based on the bit error probability, whether to select the block for storage of data. A method and system for selecting a block in a flash memory device based on the type of data is disclosed. The type of data may comprise flash management data (which may be used to manage the flash memory device) and host data. An indication of age associated with the block (such as bit error probability) is analyzed in order to determine whether to store the data in the block based on the type of data.