The invention provides a water heater testing device and a testing method. The water heater testing device comprises a constant-temperature water tank and a water supply circulation pipeline, both ends of the water supply circulation pipeline are communicated with the constant-temperature water tank, and a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline which are communicated with a to-be-testedwater heater are also arranged on the water supply circulation pipeline. According to the water heater testing device and the testing method provided by the invention, by arranging the water supply circulation pipeline, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline, the constant-temperature water tank can be controlled to supply water to the to-be-tested water heater; moreover, by arranging a first water pump, a water replenishing valve, a return water valve, a circulating water pump, a first drain valve, a second drain valve, a water inlet valve and a return water valve, under the control of a controller, the to-be-tested water heater can be automatically tested, consequently, labor intensity is reduced, the test error rate is reduced, the testing accuracy is improved, accuracy and efficiency are improved, test and development costs are reduced, and the double benefits of reducing staff and improving efficiency can be achieved.