The invention relates to an unmanned ship device and sampling method for automatic sampling of the water quality. The unmanned ship device comprises an unmanned ship body, an energy and control unit arranged in a bin of the unmanned ship body, and an automatic water quality sampling unit. The automatic water quality sampling unit comprises a sampling bottle, a supporting body mechanism for installation of the sampling bottle, a sampling pump arranged on the outer side of the unmanned ship body, a sample hose connected with the sampling pump, and an oscillating arm water-fetching mechanism forcontrolling the sampling hose to rotate. The oscillating arm water-fetching mechanism comprises a hollow pipe nested on the outer side of the tail section of the sampling hose, and a first stepping motor connected with the end, close to the sampling pump, of the hollow pipe. By means of the unmanned ship device and sampling method for automatic sampling of the water quality, water quality samplesof multiple sampling sites can be collected sequentially in a working cycle, the samples can be analyzed synchronously after being sent back, the sampling efficiency is further improved, and water quality samples of different areas or watersheds can be conveniently, quickly and automatically collected.