The invention discloses a method and a system for ultra wide band positioning in a coal mine. The method is based on a nonparametric non line of sight (NLOS) identification and ultra wide band (UWB) positioning technology of a weighted least square method, a nonparametric NLOS identification method is used for performing NLOS identification, corresponding weighting factors are distributed according to NLOS identification results, a novel weighted least square method positioning algorithm is constructed, and the algorithm is used for estimating the position of a goal node. The system comprises a browser server of a remote monitoring layer, a data server, a ground monitoring terminal, a switch, a goal node of an on-site monitoring layer, a reference node, a gateway and a base station, wherein devices applied in the mine are all safe in nature. The method and the system for the ultra wide band positioning in the coal mine has the advantages of being strong in anti-interference capacity, high in positioning accuracy, low in cost, simple in system device structure, low in energy consumption and suitable for roadway working environment.