The invention relates to the technical field of detection and calibration, and particularly discloses an efficient flowmeter detection and calibration method based on
gravitational potential energy, which comprises the following steps: S1, building a detection and calibration device which comprises a height-adjustable water tank, a
capacitance liquid level sensing unit, a water inlet
control unit, a flow regulation and calibration unit and a control and display unit; s2, liquid level signals in the height-adjustable water tank are collected in real time through a
capacitance liquid level sensing unit and fed back to a control and display unit, the control and display unit regulates and controls an execution element of a water inlet
control unit, and the liquid level difference in the water tank is stably controlled within a preset threshold value; and S3, the installation height of the height-adjustable water tank is adjusted to change the
gravitational potential energy of the fluid. The method effectively solves the problems of poor range adaptability, insufficient precision, low efficiency and the like in the existing flowmeter calibration technology, has universality, stability, high precision and high efficiency, and is suitable for flowmeter batch calibration scenes in the fields of industrial production,
energy metering and the like.