15995 results about "Temperature difference" patented technology

Systems and methods are disclosed to control the temperature of an RF hyperthermia system with minimum overshoot and to improve safety by, among other things, detecting a defective temperature sensor. Temperature overshoot may be minimized by compensating for the short-term temperature difference between the area being treated and the applicator delivering the RF energy. The RF energy may heat the tissue and then the tissue may transfer heat to the applicator sensor. The system may also adapt to various applicator sizes and shapes by modifying control loop coefficients based on initial probe response.

A method of controlling temperature of a heat source in contact with a heat exchanging surface of a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanging surface is substantially aligned along a plane. The method comprises channeling a first temperature fluid to the heat exchanging surface, wherein the first temperature fluid undergoes thermal exchange with the heat source along the heat exchanging surface. The method comprises channeling a second temperature fluid from the heat exchange surface, wherein fluid is channeled to minimize temperature differences along the heat source. The temperature differences are minimized by optimizing and controlling the fluidic and thermal resistances in the heat exchanger. The resistances to the fluid are influenced by size, volume and surface area of heat transferring features, multiple pumps, fixed and variable valves and flow impedance elements in the fluid path, pressure and flow rate control of the fluid, and other factors.

Premium synthetic lubricants comprise a synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbon base stock and an effective amount of at least one, and typically a plurality of lubricant additives such as a detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, antiwear additive, pout point depresant, VI improver and the like. The base stock is derived from a waxy, paraffinic, Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon feed fraction having an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F. and continuously boiling up to at least 1050° F., by a process which comprises hydroisomerizing the feed and dewaxing the isomerate. The waxy feed has a T90-T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. and is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The lubricant may also contain hydrocarbonaceous and synthetic base stock material. Lubricants, such as fully formulated multigrade automotive crankcase and transmission oils formed by adding a suitable additive package to the isoparaffinic base stock have exhibited performance superior to similar fully formulated oils based on both PAO and conventional, petroleum derived base stocks.

Process and apparatus for sensing possible leaks in a pipeline. The pipeline is monitored continuously by acoustic monitoring means, and acoustic events indicating a possible leak are noted. The pipeline is also equipped with temperature monitoring means, and is monitored for temperature either continuously, periodically or on demand. A leak is deemed probable at any location where there is an acoustic event indicating a possible leak, and at approximately the same time, a temperature difference greater than a pre-chosen amount between that location and adjacent locations

A temperature sensing device for remotely detecting the temperature of a subject having an identifying feature and a target zone in a fixed relationship to the identifying feature comprising: a distance sensor which measures the distance between the subject and the distance sensor; a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature difference in a sensing zone; a digital image capture device for capturing a digital image of the subject; a means of tilting at least the temperature sensor along at least one axis, and preferably tilting and panning along two axes; a controller that actuates the tilting means; and a support for supporting the distance sensor, the temperature sensor and the digital image capture device; wherein the controller tilts the distance sensor using the tilting means to reduce the distance between the target zone and the sensing zone; and a temperature sensor that measures a temperature difference proximate to the target zone, to detect elevated temperature illness in humans or animals.

System and method for treating a skin target. A temperature effector creates a temperature difference between the target and the skin tissue surrounding the target such that the target is at a higher temperature than the surrounding tissue by at least 5° C. One or more RF electrodes are attached to the skin and RF energy is applied.

A warming / chilling apparatus, in particular for a pain treatment unit, includes a heating device and a cooling device for alternately heating and cooling a heating / cooling element to a high and a low tempemture respectively. The heating device and the cooling device are designed and arranged relative to each other in such a way that the change between the high and the low temperature is possible within three minutes and the temperature difference between the high and the low temperatures is at least 40° C.

In the case that the LED is used as a light source for a backlight such as a display unit or the like, if a lot of current is circulated for securing a brightness, a lot of heat is generated in view of a characteristic of the LED, so that the LED comes to a high temperature, and there is a problem that the characteristic of the LED itself is deteriorated such as a light output is lowered, a long-term service life can not secured, or the like. Further, in the case that a temperature difference exists between a plurality of LEDs, there is a problem that it appears as a brightness irregularity of a screen of the display unit. The display unit is provided with a heat sink attached so as to be thermally contacted with an opposite side to an LED mounting surface of a substrate on which the LEDs are mounted, and one or a plurality of fans, a base portion of the heat sink has a substrate mounting surface and a fin constituting surface, the fin constituting surface is approximately perpendicular to the substrate mounting surface, and the fin constituting surface of the base portion and an air supply and exhaust surface of a cooling air are formed in an opposite side to a screen display side of the display.

The invention relates to a central heating system with large temperature difference, which belongs to the energy field. The system comprises a steam turbine, a condenser, a steam absorption heat pump, a steam-water heat exchanger, a hot water absorption heat pump, a water-water heat exchanger as well as a connecting pipe and accessories. The invention is characterized in that the temperature difference of the heat net supply is large, and is about one time higher than the conventional heat net operation, thus the transmission capacity of the heat net is greatly increased, and at the same time, no heat preservation and thermal stress compensation problems exist as the backwater temperature of the heating is low, thereby reducing the investment of the backwater pipeline network and the whole pipeline network; the steam turbine is utilized to discharge steam and preheat the backwater of the large heat net, and circulating cooling water is utilized to be taken as the low level heat energy of the absorption heat pumps. The invention has the advantages that the residual heat produced in the electricity generating process of a power plant is recycled to the greatest extent as much as possible, the combination mode of the hot water absorption heat pump and the water-water heat exchanger is adopted at the end to heat the hot water of the secondary heat net supply, and the temperature difference of the supply-water and the backwater of the large heat net are increased, at the same time, the heat net does not need external energy to be the driving force.

A charging device for charging a battery (10) by an external power supply (2) includes a temperature sensor (46) for detecting the temperature of the battery, a charger (4) receiving electric power from the external power supply to charge the battery, and a control device (50) controlling the charger such that the battery is charged at a charging rate determined based on the temperature difference between a charging / discharging limitation start temperature and the battery temperature. Preferably, the control device (50) determines the charging rate based on the difference between the amount of charge corresponding to full charge of the battery (10) and the current remaining amount of charge, and the temperature difference. Preferably, the vehicle (100) on which the battery (10) is mounted repeatedly carries out charging and vehicle-running. The control device (50) determines the charging rate according to the temperature increase expected amount when the vehicle runs next time.

A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750° F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050° F. and has a T90-T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750° F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

A contact heat-transferring electric hotplate (11) is provided, which is made from nonoxidic ceramic, particularly silicon nitride. Its very thin hotplate body (14) in the form of a disk is installed in self-supporting manner in a hob plate, e.g. by bonding, and has an extremely flat surface or which is adapted to the cooking vessel shape, which creates such a small gap with respect to said vessel that a coupling is possible even with higher power densities with only a temperature difference of a few degrees. The heating means (17) is also in contact with or directly connected to the underside of the hotplate body (14).

The invention discloses a refrigeration control method, a control device and a variable frequency air conditioner. The method comprises steps as follows: detecting the indoor temperature in the refrigeration operation process, calculating the indoor temperature difference, and performing PID (proportion integration differentiation) operation on room temperature according to the indoor temperature difference to obtain a first target frequency; comparing the indoor temperature with a set comfortable temperature; controlling a compressor according to the first target frequency if the indoor temperature is not lower than the comfortable temperature; if the indoor temperature is lower than the comfortable temperature, detecting the coil temperature of an evaporator of the variable frequency air conditioner, calculating the temperature difference between the coil temperature and a set coil target temperature to obtain a coil temperature difference, and performing PID operation on the coil temperature according to the coil temperature difference to obtain a second target frequency; controlling the compressor according to the smaller one of the first target frequency and the second target frequency. With the adoption of the refrigeration control method, the control device and the variable frequency air conditioner, the problem about refrigeration comfortlessness caused by cold air blown by an existing variable frequency air conditioner can be solved.

A system and method are provided for thermoelectric energy storage. A thermoelectric energy storage system having at least one hot storage unit is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, each hot storage unit includes a hot tank and a cold tank connected via a heat exchanger and containing a thermal storage medium. The thermoelectric energy storage system also includes a working fluid circuit for circulating working fluid through each heat exchanger for heat transfer with the thermal storage medium. Improved roundtrip efficiency is achieved by minimizing the temperature difference between the working fluid and the thermal storage medium in each heat exchanger during heat transfer. Exemplary embodiments realize this improved roundtrip efficiency through modification of thermal storage media parameters.

Systems and methods for estimating tissue parameters, including mass of tissue to be treated and a thermal resistance scale factor between the tissue and an electrode of an energy delivery device, are disclosed. The method includes sensing tissue temperatures, estimating a mass of the tissue and a thermal resistance scale factor between the tissue and an electrode, and controlling an electrosurgical generator based on the estimated mass and the estimated thermal resistance scale factor. The method may be performed iteratively and non-iteratively. The iterative method may employ a gradient descent algorithm that iteratively adds a derivative step to the estimates of the mass and thermal resistance scale factor until a condition is met. The non-iterative method includes selecting maximum and minimum temperature differences and estimating the mass and the thermal resistance scale factor based on a predetermined reduction point from the maximum temperature difference to the minimum temperature difference.

The invention provides an air conditioner, and a control method and device of the air conditioner. The control method of the air conditioner includes the steps of obtaining a temperature set value of the air conditioner if the starting condition of the air conditioner reaches the preset starting condition when the air conditioner starts, adjusting the temperature set value according to a pre-stored temperature difference value and the current mode of the air conditioner, thereby obtaining a target temperature set value, obtaining a current indoor temperature value, obtaining a target difference value between the target temperature set value and the current indoor temperature value through calculation, and determining the target operation frequency and / or the target rotation speed of an indoor draught fan of the air conditioner according to the target difference value. By means of the technical scheme, the comfort level of the variable frequency air conditioner is improved, cold / hot experience of users is improved, and the effect of saving electric energy is achieved.

A method of measuring fluid properties such as flow velocity, flow rate, and fluid composition comprises positioning a heat exchange element with a temperature sensor, such as an optical fiber temperature sensor, arranged centrally inside the element in thermal contact with a fluid of interest, heating or cooling the heat exchange element to cause a temperature difference and exchange of thermal energy between the element and the fluid, using the temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the heat exchange element during the exchange of thermal energy, and determining properties of the fluid from the temperature measurement. A second temperature sensor can be provided offset from the first sensor to provide additional measurements to improve accuracy, and a plurality of heat exchange elements with temperature sensors can be used together to determine fluid properties over a large region.

The fixing device using an electromagnetic induction heating (IH) method includes a fixing sleeve having a heating layer, a pressure roller to form a nip while contacting the fixing roller and rotate to drive the fixing sleeve, a temperature detector to detect a temperature on a circumference of the fixing sleeve, and an excitation coil provided near the fixing sleeve and configured to perform induction heating of the heating layer of the fixing sleeve based on the detection result from the temperature detector. The fixing device is configured to change a rotation speed of the fixing sleeve in a standby time during which the fixing sleeve, while rotating, is controlled to be heated so as to maintain a target temperature when a periodic temperature difference occurs on a circumference of the fixing rotary member and having a fluctuation amplitude larger than a predetermined value compared to the target temperature.

An air conditioning, heating or refrigeration system includes a controller that automatically determines if refrigerant amount is above or below the desired amount within the system. In one example, a sensor measures the temperature difference between sub-cooled liquid and saturated condensing temperature and provides information to the controller. The controller determines a variance between the measured and an expected value. If that variance exceeds a selected threshold, the controller automatically determines that the amount of refrigerant in the system is outside of an acceptable range.

The invention relates to a method for intelligently controlling the frequency of a variable-frequency air-conditioner, comprising the following steps of: (1) reading the temperature difference delta T of the set temperature of the variable-frequency air-conditioner and indoor ambient temperature and calculating a frequency value Ft according to the temperature difference by a frequency converter;(2) reading each running parameter of the variable-frequency air-conditioner and controlling the air-conditioner to stop, or limit the frequency, or reduce the frequency or normally run according to the parameter value by using the frequency converter; (3) if each parameter displays that the frequency needs to be limited, ensuring the adjusted frequency Fobj to be equal to Ft, and if each parameter displays that the frequency needs to be reduced, ensuring the Fobj to be equal to Ft-delta T; (4) if each parameter displays the normal running, adjusting the frequency Ft according to the variation of the delta T in a certain time t1; and (5) outputting the Fobj to a driver of a variable-frequency compressor of the air-conditioner by using the frequency converter. The method can improve the comfort level, the using effect and the service life of the variable-frequency air-conditioner.

A technique for determining blood flow in a living body by changing the thermal energy level by a predetermined amount at a site in a blood flow path and detecting temperatures at locations upstream and downstream of the site. The temperature difference at such locations is determined and the blood flow is calculated as a function of the change in energy level and of the temperature differences measured prior to and following the change in energy level.

The invention provides a power battery thermal management system which comprises a complete automobile power-driven air conditioner, a complete automobile charger, an air passage and a battery management system, wherein the air passage is connected with an air outlet of the complete automobile power-driven air conditioner and an air inlet of a battery pack and is used for leading hot air or cold air of the air conditioner into the battery pack; the battery management system is used for controlling the hot air of the air conditioner to be led into the battery pack so as to preheat the battery set in the battery pack when the lowest temperature of a battery module is lower than a first threshold value and controlling the battery set in the battery pack to be charged and discharged after preheating the battery pack; when the highest temperature of the battery module is higher than a second threshold value and the temperature difference between the ambient temperature of the air inlet of the battery pack and the temperature of the battery module is lower than a third threshold, the battery management system controls the cold air of the air conditioner to be led to the battery pack so as to dissipate heat in the battery set in the battery pack. Accordingly, the invention provides a control method of the thermal management system. The invention can lead the battery pack to be charged and discharged in the allowable temperature range and ensure the heat balance among the battery modules and prevent the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.

The invention provides an anti-condensation control method and device for an air conditioner. The control method comprises the steps that after it is detected that the air conditioner is in a refrigeration mode, the temperature and the relative humidity of the inner environment where an air conditioner indoor unit is located and the heat exchanger coiler temperature of the indoor unit are detected; the dew point temperature of the indoor environment where the indoor unit is located is calculated according to the indoor environment temperature and the indoor environment relative humidity; if the indoor environment temperature is larger than or equal to the indoor environment temperature preset threshold value, the indoor environment relative humidity is larger than or equal to the indoor environment relative humidity preset threshold value and the heat exchanger coil temperature of the indoor unit is smaller than the indoor environment dew point temperature, whether the first anti-condensation mode or the second anti-condensation mode of the air conditioner is started is determined according to the comparison result of the difference value of the heat exchanger coil temperature and the indoor environment dew point temperature of the indoor unit and the preset temperature difference value. By the adoption of the anti-condensation control method and device, the anti-condensation control accuracy of the air conditioner is improved, and the air conditioner is prevented from generating condensation.

The present invention includes a system for delivering energy to an airway wall of a lung comprising an energy delivering apparatus and a PID controller having one or more variable gain factors which are rest after energy deliver has begun. The energy delivering apparatus may include a flexible elongated member and a distal expandable basket having at least one electrode for transferring energy to the airway wall and at least one temperature sensor for measuring temperature. The PID controller determines a new power set point base on an error between a preset temperature and the measured temperature. The algorithm can be Pii+1=Pi+G(αei+βei-1+γei-2) where α, β and γ are preset values and a is from 1 to 2; β is from −1 to −2; and 7 is from −0.5 to 0-5. In another variation, the controller is configured to shut down if various measured parameters are exceeded such as, for example, energy, impedance, temperature, temperature differences, activation time and combinations thereof. Methods for treating a target medium using a PID algorithm are also provided.

A Peltier or Seebeck element has first and second conductive members having different Seebeck coefficients. To decrease the heat conduction from one to the other end of each of the conductive members, the cross-section area at the intermediate part in the length direction is smaller than those at both ends parts. In place of the decrease of the cross-section, the shape of the cross-section of the intermediate part of each of the conductive members may be changed by dividing the intermediate part into pieces, or amorphous silicon or the like having a heat conductivity lower than those of the materials of both end parts may be used for the material of the intermediate part. In such a way, a high-performance Peltier / Seebeck element such that the difference between the temperature of the heated portion of the Peltier / Seebeck element and the opposite portion can be kept to a predetermined temperature difference for a long time and its manufacturing method are provided.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and system for disaggregating climate control energy use from non-climate control energy use for a building. The method includes receiving a series of building energy use values and corresponding outdoor temperature values for a time period. Each of the energy use values and outdoor temperature values is associated with a time interval. The method further includes determining a series of temperature difference values for the time period based on a difference in temperature between a predetermined baseline temperature and each of the outdoor temperature values. A regression analysis is used to determine a climate control coefficient and a non-climate control coefficient from the energy use values and temperature difference values. The climate control coefficient and / or the non-climate control coefficient is used to determine climate control energy use and / or non-climate control energy use for the building.

The invention discloses a strong-inhibition water-base drilling fluid which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 0.2-4 parts of polyamine inhibitor, 0.1-1 part of coating inhibitor, 10-25 parts of hydrate inhibitor, 0.1-1 part of tackifier, 0.5-5 parts of fluid loss agent and 0.5-3 parts of liquid lubricant. The polyamine inhibitor is an amino polymer polymerized from polyether diamine and epoxy alkane; and the mol ratio of the polyether diamine to the epoxy alkane is 1-10:1-20. The drilling fluid disclosed by the invention can effectively inhibit wellbore instability of deepwater shallow strata, and has equivalent inhibition capability to an oil-base drilling fluid. The drilling fluid disclosed by the invention can solve the problem of generation of hydrate in deepwater drilling, and is applicable to 3000m-deep drilling operation. The drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has favorable low temperature-high temperature stability, and is applicable to a deepwater large-temperature-difference environment (2-150 DEG C).

The method of the invention comprises enhancing the flow of geothermal fluid (water and / or steam and / or mixtures thereof) from at least one injection well to at least one production well, by the following steps: providing a first, horizontal, geothermal well, which is used as said injection well; injecting water into said injection well; providing a second, horizontal, geothermal well, which issued as said production well such that said second, horizontal, production, geothermal well is substantially horizontally and vertically spaced from said first, horizontal, injection, geothermal well and located at a shallower depth than said first, horizontal, injection, geothermal well; recovering geothermal fluid from said production well; and generating a water density difference and a pressure difference between said first horizontal, injection well and said second horizontal, production well. Furthermore, the invention comprises an apparatus for enhancing the flow of geothermal fluid from at least one injection well to at least one production well, which comprises a first horizontal geothermal well, which is used as said injection well and into which water is injected; a second horizontal, geothermal well, which is used as said production well and from which geothermal fluid issues, wherein said second, horizontal, production, geothermal well is substantially horizontally and vertically spaced from said first, horizontal, injection, geothermal well and located at a shallower depth than said first, horizontal, injection, geothermal well; and means for producing a pressure difference between said first horizontal, injection well and said second horizontal, production well and utilizing the water density difference induced by the temperature difference. Preferably, binary geothermal power plants or combined cycle geothermal power plants can be used to produce power from geothermal fluid recovered from the production well.