The invention provides a thread
pitch diameter calculation method and equipment based on spatial
point cloud, and belongs to the technical field of precision measurement. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring three-dimensional
point cloud data of a measured thread through a
laser scanner; preprocessing the
point cloud data, including removing
noise points based on
spatial density filtering, and clustering and segmenting thread flank point clouds by using a
DBSCAN algorithm based on a standard slope reference value; a random sampling consistency
algorithm is used for fitting thread flank straight lines, intersection points of adjacent straight lines are calculated, and the position of a middle
diameter point is determined by optimizing an objective function; performing coordinate
system conversion on the intermediate
diameter point cloud by using specified
system parameters; and finally, all the
pitch diameter points are fitted into an ideal cylindrical surface in a
machine tool coordinate
system by adopting a Levenberg-Marquardt
algorithm, and the diameter of the cylinder obtained by fitting is the
pitch diameter value of the thread. According to the invention, non-contact, automatic, high-precision and high-robustness measurement of the pitch diameter of the internal thread is realized.