1045 results about "Material removal" patented technology

The invention discloses a visual precise plastic mold surface milling system and method, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining and analyzing the surface topography data of a milling region and a tool displacement track in real time through an optical sensor, and extracting wear-related micro-deformation features through multi-band filtering processing; generating a deviation vector matrix through three-dimensional mapping of the deviation vector matrix and a reference curved surface, and realizing dynamic calculation and path correction of the cutter offset; the high efficiency and stability of the compensation cutting process are ensured by combining the self-adaptive adjustment of the rotating speed and the feeding rate of the main shaft; meanwhile, the compensation effect is projected to a visual interface in real time to form a comparison layer, hardware acceleration is started to maintain the system response speed when the frame rate fluctuates, and finally the material removal volume is evaluated according to the deviation vector matrix to intelligently control the machining cycle termination time. Therefore, the problem of microtopography deviation caused by tool abrasion in the milling process of the complex curved surface mold is effectively solved, and the machining precision and efficiency as well as the robustness and the automation level of the system are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a titanium alloy thin-wall part high-precision milling method and system based on dynamic compensation, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a multi-physics field coupling model based on the constitutive relation and milling process parameters of a titanium alloy material; according to the method, a multi-physical field coupling model represented by dynamic parameters is constructed, structural feature recognition and coupling weight dynamic allocation are combined, and the model is iteratively optimized through a detection result after processing, so that the problem that a traditional prediction model is disjointed from an actual working condition is solved; by building a real-time monitoring and feedback system and combining a dynamic compensation closed-loop mechanism, non-interruption linkage of monitoring-adjustment in the machining process is achieved, and the problem that the hysteresis of a traditional compensation method is remarkable is solved; the initial compensation amount is optimized through a multi-objective genetic algorithm, a self-adaptive processing path strategy is adopted, dynamic parameter adjustment of structure adaptation is combined, a traditional single compensation strategy is replaced, and the problem of dynamic rigidity change in the complex curved surface and material removal process can be flexibly solved.

The invention discloses a discrete point-based cutting force prediction method supporting any cutting edge shape, and relates to the technical field of milling machining.The discrete point-based cutting force prediction method comprises the steps that firstly, a workpiece and a tool are both expressed in a discrete model, a milling track is defined as a series of linear segments through NC codes, and a tool and cutting edge model and a Tri-Dexel workpiece model are built; secondly, a tool swept volume is obtained, and material removal is calculated; then subdividing the tool motion into smaller analysis steps to obtain the cutting condition of each turn, determining the cutting meshing area of each analysis step and blade elements participating in cutting, and calculating the nominal instantaneous undeformed chip thickness of each blade element based on the actual feeding direction, the normal vector and the compensation coefficient; then, discretizing the cutting condition into a plurality of orthogonal cutting units, and predicting the cutting force of each participating blade element by adopting a neural network trained based on simulation data; and finally, integrating the cutting forces of all participating blade elements to obtain a synthetic cutting force field of each analysis step. According to the method provided by the invention, the force field prediction capability in a variable geometry processing scene is effectively improved.

The invention provides a five-axis series-parallel numerical control machine tool machining process virtual monitoring simulation method and system based on digital twinning, and the method comprises the steps: building an information interaction mechanism between a physical machine tool and a digital twinning model, enabling a server side to collect sensor data, and transmitting the real-time data to a client side through a communication protocol; the client processes the data and drives the digital twin model. And aiming at potential errors of twin system forecast, tool setting error compensation can be carried out in real time, so that the machining precision is improved. Meanwhile, the system supports an offline simulation function, combines an inverse kinematics algorithm and an NC code, fuses a material removal model, simulates a machining process, evaluates machining performance and errors, and provides an optimization basis for machining strategies of workpieces with different geometrical shapes and materials. According to the method, bidirectional interaction between the physical entity and the virtual model is achieved, the real-time monitoring and visualization capability of the machining process is enhanced, a reliable simulation evaluation and optimization means is provided for machining of complex parts, and the method has wide industrial application prospects.

The invention relates to an implicit voxel Boolean subtraction optimization method in five-axis machining simulation. According to the method, an implicit tool geometric expression model based on a symbolic distance function is constructed, and a dynamic voxel modeling technology with a layered structure is combined, so that efficient interactive modeling of a material removal process between a tool and a workpiece is realized. The whole process of the method comprises four key stages of spatial positioning, vertex interference detection, projection correction and grid reconstruction, and can cope with geometric modeling challenges caused by continuous motion of a multi-degree-of-freedom and multi-attitude cutter. A dynamic block loading mechanism and a local state synchronization strategy are introduced, so that the real-time response capability of Boolean subtraction operation under complex working conditions is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the continuity and integrity of machining geometric boundaries are kept. The method has good expandability and robustness, obviously reduces space-time complexity of calculation on the basis of keeping geometric surface continuity and topological correctness, realizes millisecond-level response time in an experiment, and has a good application prospect. The method is widely applied to virtual machining simulation and intelligent process verification systems of complex free-form surface parts such as aero-engine blades and automobile structural parts.

The invention discloses an alloy part small-deformation machining path planning method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining machining parameters, and building a part rigidity evolution prediction model based on a material removal process; carrying out residual stress testing on the surface of the blank, and constructing a part residual stress initial distribution model; performing multi-physics field coupling on the part rigidity evolution prediction model based on the material removal process and a constructed part residual stress initial distribution model to obtain a coupling model, simulating the material removal process under a preset processing path, and correcting part deformation predicted by the coupling model through simulation experiment data; and a small-deformation machining path is obtained based on the mapping relation between the part deformation and the machining path. Through staged rigidity calculation and stress partitioning, the deformation prediction precision is improved.

The invention relates to a machining path planning system, in particular to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing and numerical control machining, and overcomes the defect that a thermal coupling effect is ignored in traditional geometric planning by constructing an evolution model fused with a physical law. A dynamic decoupling algorithm is utilized to extract a real cutting load from multi-source data and reconstruct a rigidity field changing along with material removal in real time, the problem that a physical boundary is difficult to perceive under a complex working condition is solved, and the system effectively eliminates size out-of-tolerance caused by heat accumulation through transient deformation advanced prediction. According to the method, the non-linear error is actively counteracted in cooperation with a reverse compensation strategy based on sensitivity analysis, the machining precision and surface quality of the thin-wall weak-rigidity part are remarkably improved, the rejection rate and trial cutting cost are reduced, and intelligent closed-loop control over the manufacturing process is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of part manufacturing, in particular to a hollow non-straight section composite part which is characterized in that a low-melting-point alloy is used for manufacturing a core mold to serve as a forming inner mold, fiber prepreg is laid on the surface of the core mold and subjected to curing treatment to form a shell structure, finally, the inner mold is removed in a melting mode, and the hollow non-straight section composite part is obtained. According to the hollow non-straight composite material part manufacturing method, the characteristic that materials can be controllably removed is utilized, the mold design is greatly simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and meanwhile the forming freedom degree of a complex geometric structure is improved.

Provided are a recirculation system (200) for a material removal machine (102) and a material removal system (100). A material removal system (100) includes a recirculation system (200) in fluid communication with a material removal cabinet (104) housing a material removal machine (102). The recirculation system (200) may have an upper reservoir (300) configured to drain fluid into a lower reservoir (204) before recirculating the fluid. The upper reservoir (300) may have a standpipe (320) configured to allow swarf, debris, and / or other material within the fluid to be entrained prior to flowing over the standpipe (320).

The invention relates to the technical field of polishing trajectory planning, in particular to a polishing trajectory planning method for sub-aperture polishing, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a polishing material removal function based on a polishing load, a polishing tool rotating speed, a feeding speed, a polishing attitude angle, a polishing tool and a workpiece material attribute; optimizing the initial polishing tracks one by one according to a polishing material removal function; and the residence time is solved. According to the method, the controllability of distribution of the material removal amount in the time-space double domains in the polishing process is achieved, and the curved surface polishing quality and stability are improved.

The invention discloses a method for controlling CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) dish-shaped pits, corrosion pits and interface corrosion of ruthenium barrier layer copper wiring, which is suitable for a manufacturing process of integrated circuits of 14 nanometers and below. According to the method, a specifically synthesized TTAK corrosion inhibitor is introduced into a polishing solution system, the oriented adsorption characteristic of the molecular structure of the TTAK corrosion inhibitor is utilized, the corrosion reaction of copper is selectively inhibited, meanwhile, the normal material removal efficiency of a ruthenium barrier layer and a TEOS dielectric layer is maintained, and cooperative regulation and control of the removal rate of the Cu / Ru / TEOS material are achieved. By means of the method, dished pits, corrosion pits and Fang type interface defects generated in the fine polishing and barrier layer polishing process can be effectively eliminated, and copper / ruthenium interface corrosion is improved. According to the method, the global planarization quality of the copper interconnection ruthenium barrier layer is remarkably improved, the interface bonding strength and the electrical reliability of an interconnection circuit are enhanced, and an effective solution is provided for performance optimization of an advanced process integrated circuit device.

The invention relates to the technical field of stamping production devices, and discloses trailer production stamping equipment which comprises a stamping table, a lower die and an upper die, a stamping anti-deviation assembly for driving the upper die to vertically move is installed at the top of the stamping table, and stamping pushing parts are correspondingly installed on the two sides of the top of the lower die; stamping pushing pieces are correspondingly installed on the two sides of the top of the lower die. The stamping and anti-deviation effects can be achieved, anti-deviation precision and stability are achieved, stamping strength is high, edge warping is not prone to occurring, stamping quality is high, materials can be ejected out of the lower die, the situation that the materials are clamped in the lower die after stamping is avoided, die taking and demolding are convenient, the materials pushed to be demolded can be taken out of the die, and production efficiency is improved. The anti-deviation stamping device has the advantages that the anti-deviation stamping production capacity is excellent, the stamping precision is high, the stamping quality is good, automatic discharging and discharging are convenient, and the production efficiency is high.

A diesel engine crankshaft residual stress and deformation relation prediction method belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine key component manufacturing. The method comprises the steps of dynamically correcting a finite element model through multi-stage measured data, performing high-precision reconstruction of a crankshaft residual stress field, establishing a quantitative relation between stress distribution and deformation, and combining numerical simulation and response surface method optimization to realize high-precision residual stress distribution prediction. And further analyzing the release and redistribution rules of the residual stress in the material removal process. Residual stress distribution is actively controlled to prolong fatigue life, and stable production of high-precision and long-life crankshafts is ensured. The grinding feeding rate is reduced through active control over residual stress in the grinding process so that the tensile stress peak value in the layer depth direction can be reduced, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that the surface roughness is within a proper interval. A gradient cooling strategy is adopted, the cooling liquid flow is increased in the initial grinding stage, and surface layer thermal stress accumulation is restrained. And the grinding wheel linear speed is controlled, and grinding efficiency and residual stress inhibition requirements are balanced.

The invention discloses a molten drop arc-laser induced additive and subtractive integrated manufacturing system and method. The method comprises the steps that raw materials are heated through one or more energy sources to form molten drops; multiple kinds of energy are synchronously applied to molten drops to form a composite molten pool, in-situ coupling of additive and subtractive materials is achieved, and material removal is conducted on a cladding layer while material adding is conducted in the composite molten pool; dynamically adjusting the energy ratio and spatial-temporal distribution of each energy field, and optimizing the droplet transition and metallurgical quality; when the temperature of the cladding layer is reduced to a solid-liquid mixing interval or a thermoplastic deformation interval, shaping and surface processing are carried out, and the ideal component shape and surface smoothness are achieved; energy field parameters are dynamically adjusted based on real-time feedback of multi-sensor data, residual stress is inhibited in combination with a heating compensation technology, the heating compensation technology is used for effectively controlling heat input and stress release, and it is ensured that the stress state of a component in the manufacturing process is effectively managed.

The invention relates to a water jet-laser / mechanical energy field cooperative precision machining method for a ceramic base material, and belongs to the field of laser-mechanical cooperative machining. During the execution period, the method comprises the following steps in sequence: firstly, carrying out rapid and low-damage precise material reduction on the ceramic matrix composite material through water jet assisted laser; and then, a superhard forming grinding wheel on the same machine tool is matched with mixed grinding fluid to conduct in-situ finishing and polishing on the surface obtained after material reduction. Wherein the surface quality can be improved while high-efficiency machining is ensured through the synergistic combination of laser and machinery. Through the in-situ grinding and polishing effect of the grinding wheel and the mixed grinding fluid, the precision of a formed surface is higher, and a damaged layer is thinner and even completely removed. Based on a water jet assisted laser milling / mechanical grinding and polishing collaborative machining strategy, rough machining, finish machining and fine polishing of the ceramic matrix composite can be completed on the same equipment, and the method has the characteristics of being high in precision, high in efficiency, high in quality and extremely low in surface damage.

The invention provides a multi-modal ultrasonic machining closed-loop control system and method based on online detection feedback, and the system is provided with a dual-frequency combined machining module, a multi-modal monitoring array and a calculation controller, and deeply integrates ultrasonic machining, online detection and an intelligent control system. The surface forming quality and the material removal rate of a workpiece are judged according to vibration data, collected in real time, of a machining tool and received ultrasonic reflected waves, and the amplitudes and the vibration phases of a coaxial longitudinal / torsional vibration generator, a first ultrasonic generator and a second ultrasonic generator are regulated and controlled through an ultrasonic integrated circuit according to the judgment result. The dual-frequency composite vibration mode of the coaxial longitudinal / torsional vibration generator is regulated and controlled; real-time quality monitoring and closed-loop self-adaptive regulation and control in the machining process are achieved, the machining precision and the surface forming quality can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, accumulation of size errors is effectively restrained, the part machining precision and efficiency are improved, the service life of a tool is prolonged, and the system stability and the intelligent level are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a curved-surface substrate laser confinement cleaning system and method. The system comprises a control system, a three-dimensional motion platform, a laser and a laser focusing unit, wherein a curved-surface substrate of a metal pattern to be cleaned is fixed on the three-dimensional motion platform; the visual auxiliary positioning system is used for recognizing the space posture of the cleaning area and is electrically connected with the control system. And the control system generates a CAD model and a cleaning path based on an identification result, and cooperatively controls the three-dimensional motion platform and the laser, so that the laser incidence direction is kept within the range of + / -5 degrees of the normal of the target point, and confinement cleaning of the curved surface metal pattern is realized. According to the method, an intelligent reverse decision model of'performance deviation-trimming quantity-laser parameters' is further established, deviation of actually measured electromagnetic performance and a design target is used as input, the material removal quantity and the laser parameters are automatically solved, and closed-loop control of performance diagnosis and trimming machining is formed. The method has the advantages of high-precision positioning, normal incidence control, curvature adaptive compensation and performance-oriented intelligent trimming, and is suitable for high-precision and low-damage local metal removal of LTCC substrates and array plane microstrip lines.

The invention relates to a method for predicting force-induced deformation of a titanium alloy thin-wall part in an end milling machining process by considering tool wear, and belongs to the technical field of cutting machining. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an annular cutter milling thin-wall part overall milling force model considering cutter wear; on the basis, a force-induced deformation model of the material removal effect in the end milling machining process of the thin-walled workpiece is established based on a small deflection deformation theory. The model can correct element stiffness matrixes at different feeding positions after materials are removed in the milling process of the thin-wall part, and rapid extraction of force-induced deformation of the thin-wall part is achieved. Finally, an iterative calculation method is adopted, and accurate prediction of cutting force and machining deformation at different feeding positions in the end milling machining process of the thin-walled workpiece is achieved. According to the method, the influence of cutter abrasion on the milling force when titanium alloy type difficult-to-machine materials are milled is considered, and the force-induced deformation predicted value after cutter abrasion in end milling of the titanium alloy thin-wall part can be accurately obtained.

In a grinding method for grinding a substantially planar workpiece surface of a workpiece, a grinding machine is used which has a grinding wheel with an abrasive side surface, wherein the grinding wheel can be rotated about a rotational axis by means of a rotational drive and can be fed by means of a feed drive in a feed direction oriented parallel to the rotational axis.To carry out a grinding operation, the workpiece is arranged in a working position, the grinding wheel is set in rotation about the axis of rotation, the abrasive side surface is brought into contact with the workpiece surface by feeding the grinding wheel; and the grinding wheel is fed from a starting position with workpiece contact to generate material removal according to a feed function. The feed of the grinding wheel takes place according to a workpiece-specific feed function depending on a material proportion curve, whereby the material proportion curve represents a distribution of workpiece material in a surface profile depending on a cutting depth measured parallel to the feed direction.

The invention discloses a uniformity removal trajectory planning method and system suitable for flexible grinding and polishing machining, and the method comprises the steps: S100, building a material removal depth model and a material removal profile at a grinding and polishing point after a flexible grinding and polishing contact wheel is in contact with a workpiece according to the contact pressure in a flexible grinding and polishing profile contact region; s200, correcting the material removal depth model by considering the variable quantity of the chord height error caused by the compliant contact deformation to obtain a corrected material removal depth model; and S300, based on the corrected material removal depth model, the material removal profile is fused into the corrected material removal depth model to realize uniformity removal trajectory planning considering material removal characteristics, and a processing trajectory sequence containing attitude information is obtained. According to the method, equal chord height error step length calculation of contact deformation and equal residual height line spacing calculation of uniform material removal are considered, so that uniform removal trajectory planning of smooth grinding and polishing is realized, and the problem of trajectory discontinuity caused by elastic deformation is remarkably reduced.

Provided in the embodiments are a machining monitoring method, a machining monitoring apparatus, a computing device and a computer-readable storage medium. By acquiring first information of a first machining process in real time, retrieving a model in a model library on the basis of the first information, and matching a physical model having second information identical to the first information, the matched physical model characterizes a second relationship between material removal characteristics and specific cutting energy, thereby eliminating the influence of tool types and workpiece materials, and reflecting the machining characteristics of a second machining process; by comparing a first relationship with the second relationship, the differences between the first machining process and the second machining process are obtained to provide monitoring suggestions; and since the first relationship and the second relationship are acquired on the basis of the material removal characteristics and the specific cutting energy, and a monitoring threshold value is generated without using a signal strongly correlated with process conditions to perform learning, the method is well-suited for various machining scenarios.

The invention relates to a method for rinsing a machining front (4) in a hollow structure (2) formed by material removal in a workpiece (1), preferably in a substrate for an optical element. The method comprises: arranging a free end (8) of a preferably flexible fluid line (7) in the region of the machining front (4). In the method, to rinse the machining front (4), the fluid (6) is supplied to the machining front (4) through a space (9) between an outer surface (10) of the fluid line (7) and a circumferential surface (5) of the hollow structure (2) and discharged from the machining front (4) within the fluid line (7). The invention also relates to a device (12) configured for carrying out the method.

The invention discloses a light-weight cabin efficient self-adaption machining method based on cutting parameter learning, solves the cutting parameter self-adaption problem in light-weight cabin machining, and belongs to the technical field of spacecraft structural part manufacturing or numerical control self-adaption machining. The method aims at improving the machining quality and the machining efficiency, minimizing the cutting force and maximizing the material removal rate, a mathematical model of two targets and cutting parameters is established, an orthogonal process test is designed to analyze the response characteristics of the two targets to the cutting parameters, the influence of the cutting parameters to the cutting force in the actual cutting process is analyzed, and the machining precision is improved. Optimized operation data and a tool database are formed; and learning of adaptive parameters is realized by applying an ACM adaptive optimization technology, and adaptive processing is carried out.

A vacuum tube assembly for removing material is disclosed, including: a vacuum generator configured to generate a vacuum airflow; one or more tubes coupled to the vacuum generator and configured to channel the vacuum airflow; and an actuation mechanism coupled to the one or more tubes, wherein the actuation mechanism is configured to actuate at least one tube from a first position relative to a material stream to a second position relative to the material stream, wherein the first position is farther from the material stream than the second position.

The invention belongs to the related field of ultra-precision polishing technology, and discloses an ultrasound-piezoelectricity-photocatalysis assisted chemical mechanical polishing method which comprises the following steps: mixing a basic polishing abrasive, a piezoelectric material and a photocatalyst, calcining and grinding, and processing to obtain a modified abrasive; preparing a polishing solution containing a piezoelectric catalysis carrier and a photocatalysis carrier at the same time; the polishing process is completed through a chain of mechanical stress, a piezoelectric electric field, efficient carrier separation and more active species participating in reaction. The invention further discloses a matched polishing device. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the material removal rate can be effectively increased, the polishing time can be effectively shortened, the surface quality can be further improved, the subsurface damage can be reduced, in addition, a more environment-friendly polishing solution can be used, the waste liquid treatment cost is reduced, the environment is protected, and the method is suitable for industrial production. Therefore, the polishing device is especially suitable for various high-hardness materials to realize the polishing application occasions of low-damage and ultra-smooth surfaces of the high-hardness materials.

The invention discloses a laser cleaning method and system for residual sand of a sand casting mold, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining point cloud data of the surface of the mold through a three-dimensional scanner, reconstructing a triangular mesh model M (V, E, F) of the surface of the mold, V being a vertex set, E being an edge set, and F being a surface set; s2, based on the triangular mesh model, a laser cleaning path is planned; S3, a laser head is controlled to move along the path, and laser is emitted to remove residual sand; according to the method, the residence time calculation model is introduced, the laser residence time is dynamically set by combining the region area, the material removal difficulty coefficient and the characteristic parameters, the adhesion strength signal of the surface of the mold under the laser action is detected in real time through the acoustic emission sensor, error feedback is formed, the laser power, the pulse frequency and the residence time are dynamically adjusted, and the mold surface quality is improved. And the self-adaptive response to the thickness and the adhesion strength of the residual sand in different areas is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of robot path planning, and particularly discloses a fixed margin removal robot grinding and polishing process and track synchronous planning method and system. Comprising the steps that a robot smooth end face grinding and polishing material removal profile is constructed; the machining allowance of the workpiece is determined, and the curved surface of the surface of the workpiece is subjected to curved surface reconstruction based on the maximum tolerance limitation; with the machining residual height and the smoothness of the technological parameters as targets, force-speed-position machining information of robot grinding is planned on the reconstructed curved surface, and discrete machining point positions and the technological parameters are obtained; expanding the reconstructed curved surface to a four-dimensional form, obtaining a composite track fusing a position component and a process component, and carrying out adaptive interpolation on the composite track to meet the process precision and the motion precision of a processing point; and obtaining a normal vector of the interpolated composite trajectory, and optimizing a tail end redundancy degree of freedom to obtain process parameters and processing poses of synchronous planning. According to the method, matching and optimization of a track field and a process field in robot grinding are achieved.

A method and a device for machining an elongated workpiece having a shaft extending in the direction of the workpiece longitudinal axis forms at least one groove with a defined groove surface on the workpiece by material removal by a laser beam directed with its beam axis onto the workpiece surface and guided along a laser path extending exclusively parallel to a groove profile curve corresponding to the intersection between the groove surface to be produced and a geometric plane that forms an angle β with the workpiece longitudinal axis, where 90°≥β≥the angle of groove inclination. The distance between the curve and the path is predetermined such that the workpiece material located in the geometric plane on the path side facing away from the curve completely sublimates or vaporizes due to the laser beam power density when the beam is guided along the path.

The invention discloses a multi-grinding-head rigid finish machining device for a screw rotor and a synchronous control method, and relates to the technical field of precision manufacturing, the multi-grinding-head rigid finish machining device comprises a supporting base and a supporting frame arranged on the supporting base, a plurality of guide mechanisms are arranged in the supporting frame, and each guide mechanism comprises a guide pipe and a connecting rod; one end of the connecting rod is arranged in the guide pipe, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the servo motor, and the grinding wheel is arranged on the servo motor; the synchronous control method comprises the following steps: collecting a compression force signal of the pressure spring; establishing a material removal depth model; calculating a grinding wheel rotating speed; dynamically adjusting the output rotating speed of the servo motor; a compensation signal is generated, and dynamic synchronous control is conducted on the multiple grinding wheels; along with rotation of the screw rotor, the grinding wheels can move up and down along the outline of the screw rotor under the action of the springs, meanwhile, through dynamic synchronous control over the multiple grinding wheels, the quality and efficiency of fine polishing operation of the screw rotor can be effectively improved, and important application value is achieved.

The application describes a machine tool adapted and arranged to carry out removal and addition of material on a work piece located in a work station, the machine having a first head arranged to remove material from the work piece and at least a second head arranged to process the work piece, each of the first and second heads being arranged to be moveable in at least two axes and preferably in 3, 4 or 5 axes and wherein the machine is arranged to control an environment of the work station. The work station is at least partially sealable. The machine has a clean side and a dirty side. Novel processing heads particularly adapted for use in the new machine tool are disclosed. These may also be retrofitted to CNC machines. The novel heads include heads adapted to carry out two processes simultaneously. Heads adapted to carry out heat and pressure treatment are also disclosed. Use of the processing heads to carry out analysis in manufacturing steps is disclosed as is the provision and use of heads that can carry out analysis as well as processing.