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The invention relates to a monitor for monitoring at least one optical signal parameter in an opticl fibre having an access region of reduced cladding sufficient to allow access to the evanescent field. The monitor includes an optical element mountable adjacent to the access region of an optical fibre which optical element is capable of obtaining access to the evanescent field to enable use of the data therein to derive the at least one optical signal parameter.

A distraction instrument includes a drive rod, a driver mechanism coupled to the drive rod, and a pair of arms linked to the driver mechanism. A method of implanting an artificial disc or a fusion implant in an intervertebral site includes preparing the intervertebral site, actuating a gear mechanism of a distraction instrument to distract the intervertebral site, and inserting at least a core of the artificial disc or fusion implant into the intervertebral site.

The invention relates to a medical device for delivering a therapeutic agent to a tissue. The medical device has a layer overlying the exterior surface of the medical device. The layer contains a therapeutic agent and an additive. In certain embodiments, the additive has a hydrophilic part and a drug affinity part, wherein the drug affinity part is at least one of a hydrophobic part, a part that has an affinity to the therapeutic agent by hydrogen bonding, and a part that has an affinity to the therapeutic agent by van der Waals interactions. In embodiments, the additive is water-soluble. In further embodiments, the additive is at least one of a surfactant and a chemical compound, and the chemical compound has a molecular weight of from 80 to 750 or has more than four hydroxyl groups.

The present invention relates to a method for determining an imaging direction of an imaging apparatus (10), such as an x-ray apparatus, with a radiation source or an imaging source (12) that emits an imaging beam (14) to an imaging detector (16) along a beam path, comprising the steps of imaging an object (18) from a first direction to obtain a first 2D image; providing 3D reference data, for example a generic or statistical 3D model or an earlier obtained 3D data set, of the imaged object (18); performing a 2D/3D matching of the first 2D image with the 3D reference data to determine a position of an imaging plane (20, 22, 24) of the first 2D image relative to the 3D reference data; and determining the imaging direction of the imaging apparatus (10) relative to the object (18) based on the position of the imaging plane (20, 22, 24) relative to the 3D reference data, as well as to a navigation system for computer-assisted surgery comprising the imaging system of the preceding claim; a tracking system (11), such as optical or IR tracking means; detection devices (13, 15) such as e.g. radiopaque markers (13) detectable by the imaging system and markers (15) detectable by the tracking system (11) attachable to an object (18), wherein the navigation system is adapted to detect a position of the object (18) based on the detection devices (13, 15), in order to generate detection signals and to supply the detection signals to the computer (17) such that the computer can determine point data on the basis of the detection signals received; a calibration object such as a patient body or a phantom bearing detection devices for calibrating the navigation system.

A system for the inductive transmission of power and data through large caliber ballistic appliqué composite armor panels mountable to military vehicle includes a large caliber ballistic appliqué composite armor panel and a quick-release base mounted to the outer face of the panel and a primary coil mounted to the inner face of the panel so as to be opposite to and aligned with the base; and, a portable electrical device having a secondary coil mounted in its base end, and wherein the armor thickness is no greater than substantially the range of 30 to 50 percent of the diameter of the secondary coil. The base end of the portable electrical device is adapted to releasably mount onto the quick release base for power transfer to the electrical device and for data transfer between the primary coil and the secondary coil by inductive coupling between the primary and secondary coils.

A device includes a detection unit that detects states of eyelids of a user, and a control unit that performs operations in response to the states of the eyelids of the user detected by the detection unit.

The present invention provides a method for reducing and/or controlling the variations of excess fiber length along the length of reeled fiber optic buffer tubes during the manufacture of the buffer tubes. The present invention varies any number, or combination, of parameters during the manufacture of buffer tubes to achieve a substantially uniform excess fiber length along a reeled buffer tube. One embodiment of the inventive method uses monotonically decaying draw or take-up tension of the buffer tubes during winding, combined with a stiffness-compliant pad placed on the reel core to aid in providing a substantially uniform excess fiber length in the tube, while another embodiment uses a monotonically increasing angular speed of the reel in combination with the stiffness-compliant pad on the reel core. In yet another embodiment a pad is placed either periodically or continuously in the windings of the buffer tube to provide an absorbing layer for the residual stresses existing in the buffer tube as it is reeled and after the reeling is complete, combined with re-reeling the buffer tube onto a second reel after the buffer tube has cooled (after manufacture), where the pad is removed during the re-reeling process. Additionally, the present invention can have the layers of buffer tube separated with rigid, cylindrical panels separating the layers. The present inventive method also combines any, or all, of the above steps to aid in achieving a substantially uniform excess fiber length along the length of the reeled buffer tube.

A multilayer printed circuit board has an IC chip 20 included in a core substrate 30 in advance and a transition layer 38 provided on a pad 24 of the IC chip 20. Due to this, it is possible to electrically connect the IC chip to the multilayer printed circuit board without using lead members and a sealing resin. Also, by providing the transition layer 38 made of copper on the die pad 24, it is possible to prevent resin residues on the pad 24 and to improve connection characteristics between the pad 24 and a via hole 60 and reliability.

A point of purchase display stand for displaying products includes shelving, lights, cabinets, signs, baskets, and other items that may be supported on a slot wall positioned in the back of the stand. The slot wall may be made up of horizontal slots that allow the aforementioned items to be positioned at a plurality of vertical locations and a virtually infinite number of horizontal locations. End panels and doors may also be added to the display stand for providing security to the contents of the display stand. The shelves may only require a small amount of rotation to be removed from the slot wall. The shelves may be oriented in a plurality of different angular orientations, and they may be optionally connected with adjacent shelves so that any sagging of a given shelf is transmitted to the adjacent shelves, thereby maintaining the shelves in horizontal alignment with each other.

A method and apparatus for zooming an image by a zoom factor wherein a first image without zoom and a second image with fixed optical zoom are processed to find a mapping between low resolution patches and high resolution patches that are then used for zooming the first image if the zoom factor is less than the fixed optical zoom else the mapping between low resolution patches and high resolution patches are used for zooming the second image with fixed optical zoom.

The present invention provides a micromachined or microsized component-based needleless injector for delivering a dose of a liquid formulation containing a biologically active agent to tissue by way of a high pressure liquid microstream that penetrates the skin and deposits the agent at an optimal depth in the tissue. The device is appropriate for subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal injection sites, as well as intracellular injection. Embodiments include micromachined or microsized components such as valves, jets, and MEMS pumps. Some embodiments of the invention are modular, with interchangeable parts, other embodiments are integrated in a unitary design. Embodiments with a unitary design are typically single use, however modular features also create embodiments with components that provide multiple instances of use.

PCT No. PCT/FR95/00024 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 9, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 9, 1996 PCT Filed Jan. 9, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/19302 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 20, 1995The technical field of the invention is that of manufacturing boxes or cases or other packaging volumes which are foldable so as to be transportable in a minimum amount of space when empty: the present invention relates to such rectangular boxes comprising a base, four side faces of held thereon by a rim with two opposite ones of said faces being interconnected by foldable side elements enabling said two walls, when disconnected from the base, to be pressed one against the other, and a lid panel covering and holding said side faces remotely from the base; the two said interconnected faces are rigid insulating panels, the two lateral elements interconnecting them are belt portions, and the other two opposite faces are likewise insulating panels that are independent and that slide between the two first faces and against said belts when they are unfolded.

A shared-key encryption scheme that uses identically keyed block-cipher calls, low additional overhead, supports the encryption of arbitrary-length strings, produces a minimal-length-ciphertext, and is fully parallelizable. In one embodiment, “OCB”, a key shared between communicating parties is mapped to a key variant using the block cipher. The key variant is mapped into a sequence of basis offsets using shifts and conditional xors. To encrypt a message using a nonce, a nonce-dependent base offset is formed, and then a sequence of offsets is constructed by starting with the base offset and then xoring, for each offset, an appropriate basis offset. The message is partitioned into message blocks of the same length as the block length of the block cipher, along with a message fragment that may be shorter. Each message block is combined with a corresponding offset, enciphered, and then combined again with the offset, yielding a ciphertext block. The message fragment is xored with an appropriately computed pad to give a ciphertext fragment. A checksum is formed using the message blocks, the message fragment, and the pad. The checksum is combined with an offset and enciphered to yield a tag. The encrypted message includes the ciphertext blocks, the ciphertext fragment, and the tag.

An interventional medical closure device is suitable for assisting closure of an opening through a blood vessel wall after completion of an interventional procedure within the internal lumen of the blood vessel. The device comprises a closure element, a grasping element for grasping the closure element, and a delivery element for delivering the closure element into the internal lumen of the blood vessel. The closure element comprises a suture, and an engagement foot at a distal end of the suture. The grasping element is inter-engageable with the closure element to grasp the closure element. The delivery element comprises a main body portion, and a distal nose. The distal nose defines a reception space for carrying the engagment foot of the closure element. The delivery element also comprises an engagement foot which is movable relative to the main body portion between a low-profile delivery configuration and a protruding engagement configuration.

Disclosed herein are methods and surgical kits that can be used to fuse facet joints via a minimally invasive procedure (including an arthroscopic or percutaneous procedure). An exemplary method includes creating an incision; locating a facet joint with a distal end of a pin; sliding a substantially hollow drill guide over said pin wherein said drill guide comprises a proximal end, a distal end; removing said pin from within said drill guide; inserting a drill bit into said drill guide; drilling a hole into a bone of said facet joint; removing said drill bit; inserting a facet joint bone plug into said hole using a bone plug inserter having a raised portion at or near is proximal end, wherein said raised portion prevents over-insertion of said bone plug; and removing said drill guide.

A method of securely accessing at a client device content from a server without using the non-volatile memory of the client device is disclosed. The bypassing of non-volatile memory lessens the security risk of unauthorized viewing of the server originated content. An transport mechanism is initiated on a client device and creates a document container. Downloaded documents from a server are mapped into the document container and saved within the document container in volatile memory. Substitute menus are generated within the container to replace application menus. User documents are saved directly to the originating server via the substitute menus. The downloaded copies in volatile memory automatically delete when the document container is destroyed thereby reducing security concerns of unauthorized viewing of the content at the client device.