The invention relates to a high-performance lithium ion battery. According to the battery, an electrode material is subjected to a nano-composite treatment of grapheme and polyaniline; an anode current collector comprises aluminium foil; a cathode current collector comprises copper foil; a conductive agent comprises superconducting carbon black, conductive graphite or acetylene black; a binding agent comprises styrene butadiene rubber, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose; a electrolyte comprises liquid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte containing a conductive polymer, a nano-material, or a mixture comprising the conductive polymer and the nano-material; a membrane is subjected to a high temperature resistant insulation coating treatment, or directly adopts a high temperature resistant insulating porous polymer matrix. A preparation process for the high-performance lithium ion battery comprises: material preparing, coating, drying, rolling, slicing, coil winding or sheet stacking, assembling, liquid injecting, formation and capacity distributing. The lithium ion battery provided by the present invention has characteristics of excellent charge and discharge performance at the large rate, small capacity fading, good heat stability, good safety performance and long electrode cycle life, and can be widely applicable for the fields of electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars and the like.