1808 results about "Constant voltage" patented technology

The invention discloses a control system for lithium battery power management, and relates to the field of lithium battery control, and the system comprises a voltage input module which is used for externally connecting voltage and supplying power to a battery power supply module and a time delay module; the battery power supply module is used for charging the battery; receiving the battery voltage information, and adjusting the voltage output to the battery according to the battery voltage; the battery module is used for a battery to store electric energy; compared with the prior art, the system has the beneficial effects that the output voltage of the battery power supply module is adjusted through the feedback module, the output voltage of the battery power supply module is relatively large at the beginning, and the charging voltage is reduced along with the increase of the battery voltage, so that a quick charging effect is constructed; whether battery charging is abnormal or not is detected through the time delay module and the charging fault detection module, the battery power supply module is adjusted to perform constant-voltage charging when charging is abnormal, and the battery charging effect is guaranteed.

The invention provides an intrinsic solid-state ion diffusion coefficient test method and device based on optical imaging, and relates to the technical field of solid-state ion test.The method comprises the steps that a test sample is pretreated; carrying out a photoelectric test on the test sample; placing the electrochemical cell in an optical imaging system, connecting the electrochemical cell with an electrical testing system, applying a constant voltage deviating from a steady state to the monodisperse electrode plate, collecting the real-time change condition of the material under the modulation of the constant voltage in real time through an industrial camera, and outputting relational data of optical intensity and time; analyzing the diffusion path through in-situ characterization equipment, and obtaining an ion diffusion path corresponding to the to-be-detected ion battery electrode material particles in combination with dynamic information provided by an optical imaging system; and determining the characteristic time according to the relational data of the optical intensity and the time, and determining the intrinsic solid ion diffusion coefficient corresponding to the test sample by combining the characteristic time and the ion diffusion path corresponding to the to-be-tested ion battery electrode material particles.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery charging under photovoltaic panel power supply, in particular to a Buck-Boost lithium battery intelligent charging method based on ML-MPPT and dynamic reference voltage regulation, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a charging stage into a trickle charging stage, a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage according to the voltage of a lithium battery; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring environment temperature, solar illuminance and maximum power point voltage data in a constant current stage, preprocessing the data, training a maximum power point voltage prediction machine learning model, distilling the model to obtain a compression model, and deploying the compression model on a microcontroller; real-time environment data is input into the model to predict and obtain the maximum power point voltage as the reference voltage, the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is sampled, and the input voltage of the Buck-Boost circuit is controlled by using the innovative PWM control system, that is, the duty ratio of PWM pulses is controlled through the microcontroller, the input impedance of the Buck-Boost circuit is adjusted, and the output voltage of the Buck-Boost circuit is adjusted. The output voltage of the photovoltaic panel, namely the input voltage of the switching power supply, is adjusted to the maximum power point voltage according to environmental conditions; and dynamically switching the lithium battery in different charging stages according to the battery state and the input power. The method integrates machine learning into prediction of the maximum power point voltage, and is suitable for an intelligent charging scene of the lithium battery under photovoltaic power supply.

The invention discloses a power battery health degree online evaluation method and system based on a charging curve, and the method comprises the steps: dynamically dividing a characteristic interval of a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage through monitoring the voltage and current data in a charging process in real time; extracting time domain and frequency domain characteristic parameters in the characteristic interval; inputting the time domain and frequency domain characteristic parameters into a health degree evaluation model subjected to transfer learning optimization, and generating a fusion health degree index at least comprising a battery capacity attenuation coefficient and an internal resistance change vector; and outputting a final health degree evaluation result and residual service life prediction through an adaptive weighting algorithm based on the fused health degree index in combination with historical cycle data and operating environment parameters of the battery. According to the embodiment of the invention, high-precision and non-intrusive online evaluation and life prediction of the health degree of the battery can be realized, and the real-time performance, accuracy and engineering applicability of evaluation are improved.

The present invention discloses a method for fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. During the charging process of the lithium-ion battery, the lithium-ion battery is charged in stages to an upper limit voltage using a constant current charging method, and then charged to a final current using a constant current constant voltage charging method to complete the charging. In the constant current charging stage, the constant current charging rate of the latter stage is lower than the constant current charging rate of the previous stage, and the voltage reached by the constant current charging in the latter stage is higher than the voltage reached by the constant current charging in the previous stage, thereby improving the service life of the battery in a staged manner. In particular, the current rate and the voltage reached, as well as the final current, used in each stage of the battery charging are quickly determined in combination with a non-destructive lithium plating detection method, thereby greatly shortening the battery charging time while ensuring that lithium plating does not occur in the battery.

The invention discloses a method for preparing antioxidant MXene through electrochemical stripping, and belongs to the technical field of two-dimensional nano materials. Comprising the following steps: (1) centrifuging a Ti < 3 > C < 2 > T < x > MXene dispersion liquid to obtain a MXene wet solid, and coating the MXene wet solid on two sides of a copper foil; (2) the copper foil coated with the MXene wet solid serves as a cathode, and the cathode and the anode are placed in an electrolytic tank together; and (3) applying a constant voltage for electrolysis, collecting sediments in an electrolytic tank, centrifuging, washing, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain the e-MXene film. The e-MXene prepared by the invention has excellent oxidation resistance and adjustable infrared emissivity, and can adapt to infrared camouflage application under damp and hot conditions.

The invention relates to the technical field of charging, and particularly discloses a method for dynamically optimizing the full charge capacity of a lithium battery in an unbalanced state. Dynamically adjusting the standing duration according to the average temperature and the cycle index of the current battery pack, standing to eliminate the polarization effect, and obtaining stable open-circuit voltage of each monomer; inquiring a pre-established open-circuit voltage-state-of-charge characteristic table based on the obtained minimum monomer voltage to obtain the state of charge of the minimum-capacity monomer; generating a segmentation correction formula based on a segmentation threshold value and a gain coefficient dynamically determined by utilizing a large number of full charge capacity correction examples; updating the full-charge capacity by adopting a segmented correction formula and the charge state of the minimum-capacity monomer to obtain a full-charge capacity dynamic optimization result; the accuracy of full charge capacity calculation is effectively improved, the real full charge capacity of the lithium battery in an unbalanced state is better reflected, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the use efficiency of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a three-phase vehicle-mounted charger hierarchical control method and system based on a battery state, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the battery state data of a vehicle-mounted power battery, the battery state data at least comprising a battery voltage and a battery charge state; determining a charging mode according to the battery voltage and / or the battery charge state; when the charging mode is a first charging mode, controlling the PFC converter to operate in a constant voltage output mode, and executing voltage following control on the bidirectional DC-DC converter based on the battery voltage; and when the charging mode is a second charging mode, executing voltage following control on the PFC converter based on the battery voltage, and controlling the bidirectional DC-DC converter to operate in a constant-frequency or constant-phase output mode at the same time. By setting hierarchical control strategies under different working conditions, the output voltage of the PFC converter is adaptively adjusted, the voltage regulation transformation ratio under different working conditions is optimized, the overall circuit structure is improved, and the charging efficiency of the vehicle-mounted charger within the full working condition range is improved.

The invention discloses a lithium battery SOH prediction method fusing data driving and empirical model physical constraint. The lithium battery SOH prediction method comprises the steps of extracting a health feature vector based on current data in a constant-voltage charging stage from battery operation data; constructing a data driving model to establish nonlinear mapping between the health feature vector and the SOH, and outputting an SOH estimated value; constructing an empirical model to represent the physical decline trend of the SOH along with the number of cycles; in the online operation process, the deviation between an SOH estimated value and an SOH predicted value output by the empirical model is monitored, and when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold value, an SOH estimated value sequence in a historical time window serves as a target, and empirical model parameters are updated through an optimization algorithm to enable the empirical model parameters to approach the actual aging rate of the battery; on the basis of the SOH change rate represented by the updated empirical model, constructing a physical constraint item, fusing a training loss function of the data-driven model, and carrying out secondary training on the data-driven model to correct parameters; and utilizing the corrected data to drive the model, and outputting an SOH prediction result.

The invention provides an intelligent charging system and method based on illumination intensity adaptive adjustment. The intelligent charging system and method are applied to a photovoltaic energy storage system comprising a photovoltaic cell, a DC-DC converter, a storage battery charging mode control module and a storage battery. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring current illumination intensity, an incident light angle and a working environment temperature, and sending the current illumination intensity, the incident light angle and the working environment temperature to a photovoltaic cell and storage battery charging mode control module; the photovoltaic cell outputs corresponding voltage and current based on the parameters and a temperature compensation mechanism; and the storage battery charging mode control module converts the output of the photovoltaic battery into charging voltage and current for the storage battery, and dynamically determines a constant-voltage or constant-current charging mode in combination with the illumination intensity, the environment temperature, the incident light angle and the charging parameters, so that the self-adaptive charging of the storage battery is realized. Through multi-parameter cooperative adjustment, the charging mode is accurately matched with the environment condition and the storage battery state, and the charging efficiency and the system stability can be improved.

The invention relates to a packaging device with an electromagnetic shielding function and a forming method thereof. The packaging device with the electromagnetic shielding function comprises a substrate, the substrate comprises a front face and a back face which are oppositely distributed in the first direction, the substrate comprises a dielectric layer, a wiring layer and an electromagnetic shielding layer, the wiring layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer are located in the dielectric layer, the wiring layer comprises a plurality of signal transmission lines, at least one signal transmission line is a to-be-protected line, and the electromagnetic shielding layer is located in the dielectric layer; the electromagnetic shielding layer comprises at least one first electromagnetic shielding wire, the first electromagnetic shielding wire is located on the outer side of the to-be-protected wire, a first gap is formed between the first electromagnetic shielding wire and the to-be-protected wire, and the first electromagnetic shielding wire is grounded or electrically connected with constant voltage; and the chip is mounted on the front surface of the substrate, and the chip is electrically connected with the signal transmission line. According to the invention, the manufacturing process of the electromagnetic shielding layer is compatible with the manufacturing process of the wiring layer, and targeted independent shielding of a single wire is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of charging optimization, and discloses a multi-stage charging optimization method based on adaptive identification of a battery, and the method comprises the following steps: S101, in-situ detection and battery type identification; step S102, applying a current step and collecting a voltage response; s103, predicting the change of the terminal voltage along with time; step S104, determining a safe amplitude limiting current; step S105, determining a pre-deceleration factor; and step S106, judging full power, generating a quota recovery instruction, and returning to the step S104 for redistribution. Battery individual parameters are obtained through in-situ detection and micro-pulse identification, current quotas are dynamically distributed based on a constant voltage proportion, a safe target current is determined by combining voltage and power amplitude limiting, current distribution unbalance is avoided, the bus current utilization rate is maximized, voltage overshoot is inhibited by means of a first-order following strategy and a pre-deceleration factor, and the safety of a battery is improved. And stable switching is ensured by matching with constant-voltage inlet current clamping.

The invention provides a multi-path self-adaptive constant-voltage constant-current charging device, and the device comprises an input module which comprises a plurality of paths of input power supplies with the same rated voltage and limited power; the summarizing module is connected with each path of input power supply and combines the input power supplies into a single path for output; the conversion module is connected with the gathering module and is used for converting the single-path output voltage into target voltage and realizing constant-voltage output through a feedback loop; the detection module is connected with the input module and is used for detecting the effective path number of the input power supply and outputting a signal; and the control module dynamically adjusts the gain of the amplification circuit according to the output signal, and realizes constant current output by combining the current feedback of the conversion module. The summarizing module solves the problems of cost and size; the detection module and the control module jointly improve efficiency and stability; and meanwhile, a dynamic adjusting mechanism of the control module ensures constant-voltage and constant-current output under different input conditions. The modules operate cooperatively, so that the charging device is superior to the prior art in expansibility, efficiency and stability.

The invention discloses an intelligent automobile emergency starting power supply. The power supply comprises an internal energy storage module, an output interface, a main power switch unit, a driving unit, a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit and a microcontroller. The microcontroller can intelligently identify the type of the load and automatically select a starting mode or an auxiliary supply mode. In an automobile starting mode, the power supply temporarily disconnects the main power switch unit, sends out a diagnosis signal, collects a response, and evaluates the health state of an automobile electrical system. Based on this evaluation, the system dynamically adjusts the boot strategy. In the auxiliary supply mode, the power supply provides stable constant-voltage and constant-current output. According to the invention, blind starting and efficiency problems of a traditional emergency starting power supply are effectively solved, and the safety and the intelligent level are obviously improved.

The invention discloses a control method and device for multi-level cooperation of an optical storage and charging comprehensive supply station, and relates to the technical field of optical storage and charging station control, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining optical storage and charging information, constructing a three-level control structure of an equipment level, a station level and a distribution network level according to the optical storage and charging information, and carrying out the control of the equipment level, the station level and the distribution network level based on the equipment level control architecture. And obtaining a charging strategy according to the charging vehicle data information and the charging pile data information. According to the invention, through constructing an equipment-level, station-level and distribution-network-level three-layer cooperative control architecture, fine management of photovoltaic power generation, an energy storage system, a charging pile and V2G equipment is realized, a constant-current, constant-voltage and trickle-current staged control charging strategy is introduced, and charging parameters are accurately adjusted in combination with a battery health degree, an SOC target value and an environment temperature correction coefficient, so that the charging efficiency is improved. And a group charging and group control mechanism based on the priority and the weight coefficient is designed, the charging power of all vehicles in the comprehensive supply station is adjusted, and the resource utilization rate is improved while the charging speed and the service life of the battery are considered.

The invention discloses an MPC-SP-based all-vanadium redox flow battery constant-power charging and discharging control method, which is applied to an energy storage control system composed of an MPC-SP controller, a PCS and an all-vanadium redox flow battery, and is characterized in that the controller dynamically and accurately adjusts the power output to the battery based on preset SOC interval division, and the power output to the battery is increased along with the increase of the actual SOC value of the battery. The power is increased in stages. Meanwhile, the controller pays attention to the voltage Ud of the battery end all the time, and when the Ud reaches a voltage limiting value, the constant voltage mode is switched, so that the battery is effectively prevented from being damaged due to overhigh voltage. The state-based dynamic power management is much safer, more flexible and more intelligent than traditional fixed constant power control. According to the invention, the change rate of current in the charge-discharge process of the all-vanadium redox flow battery can be reduced, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the safety is guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to an intelligent charging adjustment method and system based on dynamic monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: determining a tested energy storage battery, determining a target battery based on a charging adjustment instruction, carrying out the feature extraction of a plurality of historical charging data and the previous full capacitance, and obtaining a charging emergency coefficient and a battery aging coefficient; a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are used for obtaining current humidity and current temperature respectively, particle swarm simulation is carried out on a charging emergency coefficient, a battery aging coefficient, a constant current curve set, a constant voltage curve set, a switching curve set, the current humidity and the current temperature, and target constant current, target constant voltage and a target switching threshold value are obtained; and if the target battery voltage is greater than or equal to the target switching threshold, performing charging adjustment on the target battery according to the target constant voltage and the target switching threshold to obtain a final battery, and completing intelligent charging adjustment. The safety and stability of the charging process can be improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

The invention discloses a capacitor multi-stage adaptive flexible aging test method and system, and belongs to the technical field of industrial process advanced control. According to the method, voltage, current and temperature response data in the aging process of the capacitor are collected in real time by defining charging and discharging time sequences and initial parameters of four stages of preheating, constant current, constant voltage and resting; and comparing real-time data based on a preset model (an internal resistance change rate model and a temperature rise curve model), and dynamically adjusting power supply parameters in the next stage or triggering a protection mechanism. According to the method, the overstress or understress problem of a traditional fixed parameter test is solved, intelligent and personalized control of the aging process is realized, the test accuracy and the capacitor reliability are improved, and the method is suitable for aging test scenes of various capacitors.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery management, and discloses an intelligent charging optimization control method for a lithium battery pack, and the method comprises the steps: S1, monitoring the multi-dimensional parameters of the lithium battery pack in real time, including the single voltage, the battery temperature, the environment temperature and the current charging current; s2, calculating the health state and the current charging efficiency of the battery pack based on the monitoring parameters; s3, dynamically generating an optimal charging curve according to the state of the battery pack, wherein the optimal charging curve comprises an adjustment strategy of charging current and charging voltage; s4, implementing multi-stage adaptive charging control, including a pre-charging stage, a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage; and S5, evaluating the safety state of the battery in real time in the charging process, wherein the safety state comprises thermal runaway risk and overcharge risk early warning. By monitoring the multi-dimensional parameters of the lithium battery pack in real time, comprehensive sensing of the battery state is realized, the problem of single monitoring parameter of a traditional method is solved, and a data basis is provided for intelligent charging control.

The invention discloses a quick charging safety control method for a mobile power supply, and particularly relates to the technical field of charging control of an electrochemical energy storage device. The method is started when a charging adapter is connected after the mobile power supply completes high-power discharging, and an ion relaxation index is obtained through open circuit detection; entering rhythm cycle control of charging-charging stopping-measuring, and limiting current according to risk levels; the charging current and the charging stopping duration are adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to the ion relaxation index and the terminal voltage change rate in the circulation, finally, when the index is stabilized within the safety range, the constant-current and constant-voltage charging stage is smoothly switched, and safety control over rapid charging is achieved; according to the method, the distribution state of the battery cell ions is accurately detected before charging, current is limited in a graded mode according to risk grades in rhythm slow start, dynamic optimization of the charging current and the charging stopping duration is achieved in combination with self-adaptive adjustment, a constant current stage and a constant voltage stage are smoothly switched to when the state is stable, and safety and efficiency are both considered in the whole process.

The invention relates to the technical field of charge and discharge detection, and discloses a multichannel EIS charge and discharge in-situ test system and method, and the system comprises a DC charge and discharge module which is used for carrying out the constant-current, constant-voltage or cyclic charge and discharge test of a battery; the alternating current impedance test module is connected in parallel with the direct current charging and discharging module and is used for applying an alternating current disturbance signal to the battery and collecting impedance response in the charging and discharging process; and the unified clock module is used for providing a synchronous triggering reference signal for the direct current charging and discharging module and the alternating current impedance test module. The direct current charging and discharging module and the alternating current impedance test module are designed to be of a parallel connection normally-connected structure, no relay switching is needed, continuous and uninterrupted online EIS test in the charging and discharging process is achieved, contact resistance drift and transient errors caused by physical circuit switching in a traditional scheme are effectively avoided, and the reliability of the EIS test is improved. And the stability and repeatability of the test are obviously improved.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a method for initiating in-situ polymerization of an electrolyte solution through electrochemical induction. A solvent of the electrolyte solution comprises cyclic ether molecules and halogen atom substituted ethylene carbonate molecules; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out constant-current charging on a battery to a set voltage, and carrying out constant-voltage charging for a specific time under the set voltage, so that halogen atoms of halogen atom substituted ethylene carbonate molecules are removed under the reduction potential of the negative electrode side of the battery to generate free radical sites, two molecular structures after halogen atoms are removed are mutually combined through the free radical sites to form a dimer, the dimer is migrated to the positive electrode side in an electrolyte solution, dehydrogenation reaction is carried out under the action of oxidation potential applied to the positive electrode side, and in-situ ring-opening polymerization reaction of cyclic ether molecules is initiated through removed hydrogen ions; therefore, in-situ polymerization solidification of the electrolyte solution is realized under the condition that a conventional initiator is not contained.

The invention discloses a display panel and a display device. The display panel comprises a substrate and a plurality of pixel circuits located on the substrate. Each pixel circuit comprises a first capacitor and a second capacitor; the first capacitor comprises a first capacitor electrode and a second capacitor electrode, the second capacitor comprises a third capacitor electrode and a fourth capacitor electrode, the third capacitor electrode is electrically connected with the second capacitor electrode, and the fourth capacitor electrode is configured to receive a constant voltage signal. The overlapping area of the first capacitor electrode and the second capacitor electrode is different from the overlapping area of the third capacitor electrode and the fourth capacitor electrode. According to the overall layout design of the pixel circuit, the compensation effect of the threshold voltage is better, and meanwhile the size and the pixel resolution of the display panel are comprehensively considered.

Disclosed are a corrosion-resistant film for a magnesium alloy wheel and a preparation method thereof, The corrosion-resistant film for a magnesium alloy wheel includes: a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating, a chemically blocked coating, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) high-density inorganic hybrid coating, a high oxidation-resistant powder coating which are sequentially stacked from inside to outside by using the magnesium alloy wheel as a substrate. In the present disclosure, based on a micro-arc oxidation technology, zirconium, titanium, an iron salt, nano silicon, polymer resin are added into an electrolytic solution, and under a constant voltage mode of an adjustable power supply, the MAO coating is generated on the surface of the magnesium alloy wheel, followed by chemical blocking; the PVD high-density inorganic hybrid coating is obtained by coating on the chemically blocked coating, physical blocking is performed; the high oxidation-resistant powder coating is spray-coated on the PVD high-density inorganic hybrid coating.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery capacity prediction method and system and a computer program product. The invention provides a battery capacity prediction method, which comprises the following steps of: obtaining a constant voltage stage time characteristic sequence of a battery, and inputting the constant voltage stage time characteristic sequence into a bidirectional long short-term memory network to obtain an initial prediction sequence; generating a capacity degradation sequence including battery capacity corresponding to the battery based on the capacity degradation model; constructing a mapping relation between the initial prediction sequence and the capacity degradation sequence through a dynamic time warping strategy; determining a target prediction residual error through a particle filtering model and based on the initial prediction sequence and the capacity degradation sequence which have the mapping relation; and correcting the initial prediction sequence through the target prediction residual error to obtain a capacity prediction value. The problem of reference correction error caused by time migration in a traditional battery capacity prediction method is solved, and the prediction precision and long-term stability in a capacity jump scene are improved.

The invention discloses a grid spring fluctuation load stress corrosion test device and method. The device comprises a high-pressure kettle; an environment control system; the loading system comprises a loading tester and a loading pair, and the loading pair is used for applying constant deformation and fluctuation load to the grillage spring; the loading tester controls the loading pair to move in the high-pressure kettle until the loading pair is in contact with the grillage spring; the contact point measuring system comprises a constant voltage source and a first signal acquisition device, constant voltage is applied to the grillwork spring and the loading pair through the constant voltage source, and the first signal acquisition device monitors current abrupt change and determines a loading starting point; according to the integrity measuring system, a constant current source provides stable direct current, a current reversing device switches the current direction at a preset frequency, and a second signal collecting device monitors changes of electric signals at the two ends of the grillwork spring in real time and determines the complete state of the grillwork spring. According to the invention, accurate identification of the loading starting point of the grillage spring and real-time monitoring of the integrity state in the high-pressure environment are realized.

The invention discloses a capacity grading method for improving terminal voltage consistency of a lithium iron phosphate battery, which comprises the following steps of: standing the battery in an environment of 25 + / -5 DEG C for 2 minutes, eliminating initial polarization, and obtaining the upper cabinet voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery; constant-current and constant-voltage charging is carried out for 3 hours, the cut-off voltage is 3.65 V, and the charging is stopped when the current is reduced to 0.5 C at the constant-voltage stage. Standing for 5 minutes after charging; the lithium iron phosphate batteries are subjected to constant-current discharging for 3 hours in four groups, and the cut-off voltages are 2.0 V, 2.3 V, 2.5 V and 2.8 V respectively. Standing for 5 minutes after constant-current discharging; after standing is completed, charging and discharging are circulated for one circle (charging is conducted to 3.65 V, and discharging is conducted to 2.5 V), charging and discharging are still conducted at 0.5 C, and standing is conducted for 5 min after one-time circulation; finally, carrying out constant-current charging to 15% SOC at the current of 0.5 C, the time of 75 minutes and the cutoff voltage of 3.65 V so as to stabilize the voltage; and standing for 15 days in an environment of 25 + / -5 DEG C after capacity grading offline, actually measuring the voltage value of each group (24PCS), and observing the change of a voltage drop curve. The problems of poor battery performance, short service life, potential safety hazards and the like are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring a test process of a motor stator in a vacuum environment. The method comprises the following steps: in a first pressure environment, applying an alternating current test voltage to the stator and collecting a partial discharge signal; the stator is arranged in the sealed cavity; applying a constant voltage to the stator, wherein the amplitude of the constant voltage is lower than the partial discharge initial voltage; reducing the air pressure in the sealed cavity until continuous partial discharge is collected again, and taking the air pressure value in the sealed cavity at the moment as vacuum initial pressure; and based on a two-dimensional data pair formed by the partial discharge initial voltage and the vacuum initial pressure, mapping the two-dimensional data pair to a preset diagnosis map, and classifying the insulation state of the motor according to the region where the two-dimensional data pair is located. According to the invention, missed detection and false detection in the stator detection process can be reduced.

Disclosed herein are methods for producing electrodes comprising single-layer 1T′-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets. The method includes filtering a suspension of single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets over a polymeric substrate to produce the electrode, wherein, the single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets of the electrode are no more than 1,000 nm in thickness; the electrode comprises at least 70% 1T′-phase; and the electrode has a calculated electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) that is about 10-fold higher than that of a control electrode, which comprises 2H-TMD nanosheets. Also disclosed herein are methods for deionizing a fluid. The method includes steps of discharging the fluid in an electrochemical capacitor at a constant voltage of no more than 0.5 V to deionize the fluid, wherein the electrochemical capacitor is characterized in having the electrode comprising single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets produced by the present method.

The invention discloses a charging management circuit and a charger. The charging management circuit comprises a flyback converter, a first sampling feedback module, a second sampling feedback module and an optocoupler. The first sampling feedback module comprises a comparator, a first switch unit, a thermosensitive voltage dividing unit and a current sampling resistor. The duty ratio of a PWM chip is controlled through an optocoupler to achieve constant-current charging in the first charging stage. The resistance of the thermosensitive voltage dividing unit is increased when the temperature rises, the charging current is automatically reduced, and temperature self-adaptive protection is achieved. And when the charging current is reduced to a preset value, the second sampling feedback module takes over the control optocoupler to realize constant-voltage charging in a second charging stage. Constant-current and constant-voltage two-stage charging can be achieved, the function of automatically adjusting the charging current through the temperature is achieved, the charger is effectively prevented from being overheated in the high-temperature environment, and the safety of the charger and a battery is protected.