4321 results about "Rectifier" patented technology

The invention discloses a high-voltage circuit for an electric flame stove. The high-voltage circuit comprises a PFC circuit, a high-frequency conversion circuit, a boosting transformer, an energy coupling circuit and a voltage doubling circuit which are electrically connected in sequence. According to the EMI filter circuit, common-mode interference and differential-mode interference are filtered out, and pure alternating current input is provided for a back-end PFC circuit; two chips are adopted in the PFC circuit, so that the PFC circuit 300 finally realizes the consistency of the current waveform and the voltage phase; in the other embodiment of the invention, double chips are adopted, so that'fault linkage protection 'is realized; stable discharging of multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes is achieved through multiple groups of single energy coupling capacitors and independent voltage doubling rectifier bridges which are connected in parallel.

The invention relates to the technical field of frequency converter harmonic control, in particular to a harmonic control method, system and device applied to a frequency converter, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the current data of a rectification input side and an inversion output side of the frequency converter; obtaining the difference coefficient of the overall pulsation amplitude change of each period and the irregular coefficient of the corresponding pulsation time change, and further obtaining the harmonic influence coefficient of the rectification input side current of each period with the pulsation amplitude difference and irregular characteristics; calculating a deviation coefficient and a jitter abnormal coefficient of the inversion output side current of each period so as to obtain a harmonic influence coefficient of the inversion output side current of each period having waveform deviation and rapid jitter; therefore, the harmonic delay superposition interference coefficient is obtained, and the output current of the inverter is corrected in combination with the current data of the inverter output side. The harmonic control precision of the frequency converter can be improved.

The invention provides a charging station rectifier cabinet power distribution method and system, and the method comprises the steps: building a first pre-distribution power path between each charging gun in a plurality of charging guns in charging and a direct connection power module, and obtaining a first pre-distribution power path set; determining a second pre-distribution power path set of the charging gun in each charging process to obtain a plurality of second pre-distribution power path sets; processing the first pre-allocated power path set and the plurality of second pre-allocated power path sets according to a preset power module scheduling priority ranking strategy to obtain a third pre-allocated power path set meeting a preset power sum constraint condition; and according to the third pre-distributed power path set, updating the electric connection relationship between the plurality of charging guns in charging and the plurality of power supply modules. The method can effectively solve the problem of path blockage when the multiple charging piles share the rectifier cabinet, and facilitates the improvement of the power utilization rate.

The invention discloses a CLLLC converter light load efficiency improvement and load expansion circuit based on variable resonant cavity regulation and control and a control method thereof. The circuit comprises a primary side full bridge, a variable resonant cavity, a secondary side rectifier and an output loop, the digital control unit detects the load in real time, and drives and switches the parallel or series capacitor branch to adjust the equivalent resonant capacitor; and the auxiliary buffer branch is used for soft start and sudden change buffer. According to the control method, capacitance is reduced during light load, efficiency is improved, capacitance is increased during heavy load, gain linearity is kept, the load range is widened, and smooth starting is achieved. The device is compact in structure and easy to control, the light load efficiency can be remarkably improved, the load application range is expanded, and the device has high reliability and good industrialization prospects.

The invention discloses a notebook computer waste heat recycling system and method based on a thermoelectric conversion effect, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric materials and devices, and the system comprises a distributed thermoelectric array module which is composed of a plurality of miniature TEG units, is distributed in a high heating area of a notebook computer, and directly generates power through temperature difference; the self-adaptive heat management module comprises a heat-conducting silica gel layer and micro heat dissipation fins and is used for optimizing the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end; the multi-stage electric energy management module comprises a rectifying circuit, a DC-DC boosting chip and a recycling energy storage battery device, converts the unstable low-voltage direct current output by the TEG into stable electric energy, stores the stable electric energy and supplies the stable electric energy to target equipment; and the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the working area of the micro thermoelectric power generation unit according to the data of the temperature sensor, preferentially selects the position with the maximum temperature difference to generate power, and matches the power supply demand through a PMIC chip. Efficient conversion and utilization of waste heat are realized through innovative design, the problem of low thermoelectric conversion efficiency in miniaturized equipment is solved, and energy conservation and environmental protection are realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless charging, in particular to an underwater magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission voltage stabilization control system and method, and the system comprises a transmitting end which comprises a power supply, an inverter circuit, a transmitting end compensation network and an array type orthogonal magnetic coupling device, and the array type orthogonal magnetic coupling device comprises four DD type coils, the DD type coils are alternately wound to generate a horizontal magnetic field and a vertical magnetic field; the receiving end comprises a biorthogonal coil, a receiving end compensation network, a rectification filtering module and a converter; the biorthogonal coil receives energy of the horizontal magnetic field and the vertical magnetic field; the linear active disturbance rejection control module comprises an extended state observer and a linear feedback control rate, the extended state observer is used for estimating the total disturbance of the system in real time and performing feed-forward compensation, and the linear feedback control rate realizes voltage stabilization by adjusting the duty ratio of the converter. The system adapts to a deep sea complex environment, and the cruising ability of the AUV is improved.

The invention provides a wide-voltage intelligent control large-current contactor. Comprising a wide voltage control module which is composed of a rectifier bridge, a voltage acquisition module, a single-chip microcomputer control system and a DCDC conversion module and is used for converting input AC / DC voltage into stable 24VDC output; the wide-current control module is used for controlling the coil to start, the contactor can be in a working state even if power failure occurs, the stability of a power grid is ensured, and the device can be applied to the fields of uninterruptible power supply control cabinets, photovoltaic energy storage, power grid distribution and the like.

A self-excitation motor disclosed by the present invention comprises a rotor, a first end of the rotor is equipped with a rectification circuit, the rotor comprises a rotor iron core and a plurality of harmonic windings and excitation windings, the rotor iron core is provided with rotor teeth, and each harmonic winding and each excitation winding are respectively wound on the corresponding rotor teeth. Each harmonic winding comprises a first harmonic winding and a second harmonic winding, the winding directions of the first harmonic winding and the second harmonic winding are the same, star connection is adopted, one ends of the first harmonic winding and the second harmonic winding are connected in series in a one-to-one mode, and the other ends of the first harmonic winding and the second harmonic winding are jointly connected to form a star neutral point; the other end of each second harmonic winding is connected with the midpoint of each bridge arm in the rectifying circuit in a one-to-one manner; the winding directions of the excitation windings on every two adjacent rotor teeth are opposite, and the two ends of each excitation winding are electrically connected with the direct current output end of the rectification circuit. This induces and rectifies the current for excitation more efficiently. The invention further provides a motor control strategy based on high-frequency harmonic current phase optimization.

The invention discloses a high-voltage discharge circuit suitable for a storage battery power supply and an electric flame stove. The high-voltage discharge circuit comprises an inversion driving module, a boosting transformer T1, at least three groups of active bridge rectifier modules and discharge modules corresponding to the active bridge rectifier modules. Through combination of driving of the active bridge rectifier module, voltage / current double-closed-loop feedback and real-time PWM signal output control of the control chip U1, current difference of each discharge branch is eliminated, the problem of uneven branch current is solved, and ring current and reactive power loss between branches are eliminated; a diode in a voltage doubling rectifying circuit and a bleeder resistor of a resonance circuit in the prior art are abandoned, an active bridge type rectifying module is adopted for driving, a PWM signal is dynamically adjusted through the low ESR characteristic of a capacitor C1 and closed-loop control, extra power loss is avoided, the working temperature of the circuit is controlled to be below 85 DEG C, and the service life of the circuit is prolonged. And the continuous service life of components in the circuit is prolonged.

The invention provides a top structure of a high synchronous test number tester, which comprises a load plate, and two groups of socket assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the load plate. A plurality of signal connectors are arranged around each group of socket assemblies; the socket assembly comprises a plurality of chip sockets; a socket supporting plate, a rectifying plate and an airtight box are sequentially arranged below the load plate corresponding to the socket assembly from top to bottom; a through air inlet is formed in the bottom of the airtight box; air inlet flow channels are uniformly formed in the bottom surface in the airtight box and are communicated with the air inlet; a plurality of air uniformizing holes penetrate through the rectifying plate; the air uniformizing holes are formed above the air inlet flow channel and are communicated with the air inlet flow channel; a plurality of first vent holes are formed in the socket supporting plate in a penetrating manner, and the first vent holes are communicated with the space above the rectifying plate; a plurality of second vent holes are formed in the load plate in a penetrating mode, a third vent hole is formed in each chip socket of the socket assembly in a penetrating mode, and when the socket assembly is installed on the load plate, the second vent holes are communicated with the third vent holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

The invention discloses a rectifier bridge arm fault identification method and system circuit based on multi-characteristic current waveform analysis, and relates to the technical field of rectifier bridge arm fault identification, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a current signal of an AC input side of a rectifier bridge through a current sensor, and obtaining an original current time domain waveform after filtering conditioning; performing period division on the original current time domain waveform based on a voltage synchronization signal, and outputting a positive half-cycle conduction interval and a negative half-cycle conduction interval in each power frequency period; in each power frequency period, performing square integral operation on the current waveforms of the positive half-cycle conduction interval and the negative half-cycle conduction interval to obtain a positive half-cycle energy value and a negative half-cycle energy value, and calculating an energy unbalance degree; and windowing fast Fourier transform is carried out on the original current time domain waveform, amplitudes and phases of third, fifth and seventh characteristic harmonics are extracted to form a harmonic characteristic vector, the vector is matched with a pre-stored bridge arm fault harmonic fingerprint template, and the matching degree of each fault type is obtained.

The invention provides a current source type hybrid direct-current power transmission system based on an injection type power grid commutation converter, and relates to the field of high-voltage direct-current power transmission, and the system comprises a rectification station which at least comprises a thyristor-based power grid commutation converter and is used for converting alternating current into direct current; the inverter station at least comprises an injection type power grid commutation converter and is used for converting the direct current output by the rectifier station into alternating current; and the control module is used for controlling the operation of the rectifier station and the inverter station based on the trigger time sequence constraint, and has the advantages of completely inhibiting the commutation failure and reducing the loss.

The utility model discloses a single-stage and double-stage switching type circuit, which belongs to the technical field of electric energy conversion and comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a three-phase rectifier bridge, a first control tube, a second control tube, a third control tube and a direct current regulation module, three input ends of the three-phase current bridge are respectively connected in series with the first inductor, the second inductor and the third inductor, and middle points of three bridge arms of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with an input end of the direct current adjusting module after passing through the first control tube, the second control tube and the third control tube. The output end of the direct current adjusting module is connected with the load; according to the invention, the single-stage and double-stage rectification conversion circuit can be switched according to needs.

A method for estimating friendly metal losses associated with wireless power transfer from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver can include obtaining an indication of received power including rectifier voltage and rectifier current of the wireless power receiver and computing a friendly metal power loss based on the indication of rectifier voltage and rectifier current of the wireless power receiver and one or more coefficients corresponding to a baseline wireless power transmission between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. The rectifier voltage can be a rectifier output voltage, and the rectifier current can be a rectifier output current. Computing the friendly metal power loss can use an equation having a formPl⁢o⁢s⁢s=a·IT⁢X2+b·Irect2+c·Vrect2,where b is a coefficient relating to the rectifier current, c is a coefficient relating to the rectifier voltage, a is a coefficient relating to transmitter current ITX.

An example device includes a rectifier that converts an AC signal received at an AC side of the rectifier from a wireless charging receive coil into a DC power signal output at a DC side of the rectifier; a first capacitor connected to an upper rail of the AC side; a second capacitor connected to a lower rail of the AC side; a first switch between the first capacitor and a ground; a second switch between the second capacitor and the ground; and a controller configured to: toggle the first switch and the second switch to communicate with an external device; determine, based on a comparison of voltage levels measured at the computing device, whether to set the switches as open or closed when not communicating; and set, responsive to determining to set the switches as closed, the first switch and the second switch as closed when not communicating.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic conversion, and discloses a high-efficiency rectification conversion system and a control method thereof, and the system comprises the following modules: a detection module, an input compatible module, a hybrid power device module, a control module, a thermal management module and a frequency modulation module. The control method comprises the following steps: acquiring input power grid voltage, output current and load state parameters; calculating an input voltage phase difference; dynamically selecting the type and channel configuration of the silicon carbide or gallium nitride power device according to the load rate; outputting a device configuration instruction and a switching frequency control instruction; adjusting the cooling system through the evaluated thermal state of the conversion system; and the control module receives the control instruction output by the control module and is used for implementing a corresponding pulse width modulation strategy. According to the method, a multi-system power grid identification and self-adaptive topology switching strategy is adopted, the technical effect of automatically configuring the optimal rectification architecture under different input types is achieved, and the problems of response delay and poor compatibility of the method in the environment of variable power grid types are solved.

The invention discloses a charging and discharging protection management method, a charger, electronic equipment, a medium and a vehicle wherein the charging and discharging protection management method comprises the following steps: obtaining preprocessing sampling information which is obtained by smoothing sampling information of a rectification network side of a charger circuit; and based on the preprocessed sampling information, obtaining control parameters of a charger circuit to control the charger. By means of the method, voltage stabilization control over the charger can be achieved, the influence of high-frequency disturbance or fluctuation in control signals is effectively reduced, the rising speed of output voltage and current is reduced, large-current impact instantly caused by switching is avoided, and therefore the safety and stability of a system in the whole charging and discharging process are improved.

The invention discloses a control circuit and method for a three-phase wireless power transmission system to supply power to a single-phase load. The method comprises the following steps: setting the frequency, amplitude and electrical angle of a three-phase voltage; determining the input voltage of the direct-current power supply; a proportional resonance (PR) controller is used for processing input voltage of a direct-current power supply and three-phase instantaneous voltage input by a transmitting and receiving coil module, and control signals are obtained after processing; inputting the control signal into a three-phase high-frequency inverter and a modulation circuit module to generate a square wave signal conforming to a set three-phase voltage phase; inputting the square wave signal into a resonance compensation module to generate a three-phase sinusoidal voltage wave which is the same as the set three-phase voltage; the three-phase sinusoidal voltage wave is subjected to wireless electric energy transmission through the transmitting and receiving coil module to obtain a corresponding square wave signal; corresponding square wave signals are converted into sinusoidal voltage waves through the rectifying and filtering module and are transmitted to a system load. According to the invention, the transmission power of the three-phase wireless power transmission system can be improved.

The invention discloses a subway flywheel energy storage system with a direct-current ice melting function, which comprises a medium-voltage looped network, a contact network, a running rail, a positive bus, a negative bus, a subway rectifier module and a flywheel energy storage module, the subway rectification module is connected with the positive and negative buses. The positive bus is connected with a contact network, and the negative bus is connected with a walking rail; the flywheel energy storage module is connected with the positive bus, the negative bus and the walking rail. The flywheel energy storage module is further connected with the contact net through a circuit breaker QF, and the contact net is connected with the walking rail through a far-end short-circuit switch K3. The invention further discloses an ice melting and energy storage method applying the subway flywheel energy storage system with the direct-current ice melting function. The device has two functions of direct-current ice melting and flywheel energy storage charging and discharging, time division multiplexing is controlled by the two functions through a switch, efficient utilization of equipment is achieved, and the cost performance is improved.

The utility model discloses a powerful automatic deviation corrector for a belt, and relates to the field of automatic deviation correctors, the powerful automatic deviation corrector comprises a bearing base and a supporting column, the front side and the rear side of the top of the bearing base are symmetrically provided with fixing plates, the outer sides of the fixing plates are provided with driving motors, and output shafts of the driving motors are provided with adjusting assemblies through couplings; and a deviation rectifying assembly is movably mounted at the top of the adjusting assembly. According to the powerful automatic deviation rectifying device for the belt, through the arranged connecting plate, when a worker drives a threaded adjusting rod to rotate in a connecting base, mounting plates on the upper side and the lower side can be driven to synchronously move along the inner surface of a fixing support; the purpose of quickly and accurately adjusting the transverse positions of the light source emitter and the light source receiver is achieved; and the situation that the adjusting efficiency of a worker is interfered due to the fact that the worker needs to spend a long time to adjust the position of the monitor when the worker needs to carry out automatic deviation correction monitoring processing on belts with other widths is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of rectification circuit control, in particular to a three-phase rectification circuit control method based on sliding-mode predictive control and a charging pile, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a sliding-mode control law through employing a super-spiral sliding-mode control algorithm in outer-loop voltage regulation, and taking the sliding-mode control law as an active power reference value; in inner loop current control, voltage components and current components of three-phase alternating voltage in a two-phase rotating coordinate system are obtained through coordinate system transformation, and active power and reactive power at the future moment are obtained through a discretization prediction model; and performing rolling optimization by the cost function to obtain the optimal switching state at the current moment, updating the controller according to the optimal switching state, and performing prediction control on each switching device of the three-phase rectification circuit through the updated controller. According to the three-phase rectification circuit control method based on sliding mode predictive control, stable reference voltage can be provided, output is stable, the disturbance suppression capacity is high, and quick response and multivariable optimization control are achieved.

The invention discloses a self-excitation cooperative energy management circuit for enhancing TENG output performance, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics. The self-excitation cooperative energy management circuit is connected to the rear end of the TENG and comprises a self-charge excitation circuit, a capacitance converter circuit and a voltage reduction circuit, and the self-charge excitation circuit is connected to the rear end of the TENG, comprises a rectification circuit and is used for charge excitation of the TENG, rectification and output of a first direct current signal; the capacitance converter circuit is connected to the rear end of the self-charge excitation circuit and is used for performing power conversion on the first direct-current signal and outputting a second direct-current signal; the voltage reduction circuit is connected to the rear end of the capacitance converter circuit, comprises a switching circuit and is used for reducing voltage and increasing current of the second direct-current signal and outputting a third direct-current signal. According to the self-excitation collaborative energy management circuit, the charge output capability of the TENG can be greatly improved, and an electronic device can be directly driven.

The invention discloses a rectification feedback control method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a power grid voltage and an inversion output current, and obtaining an active current through phase locking and coordinate transformation; whether feedback is started or not is determined by judging whether id is lower than a first threshold value or not, if yes, a driving signal is generated according to the phase of the power grid, a power switch device in the rectification feedback unit is conducted, and energy is fed back to the power grid; if id is higher than the second threshold value, the unit is turned off. According to the method, by detecting the energy flow direction in real time, self-adaptive on-demand switching of the rectification feedback unit is achieved, unnecessary switching actions of a power device are effectively reduced, switching loss and the aging speed of the device are reduced, and therefore system efficiency and reliability are improved, the service life of the device is prolonged, and energy waste is avoided.

The invention discloses a magnetic flux coupling regulation type hybrid transformer and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of power distribution network voltage regulation equipment. The magnetic flux coupling regulation and control type hybrid transformer is composed of three three-column four-winding transformers and a voltage source type back-to-back converter. The three three-column four-winding transformers are the same in structure, and four windings are respectively an input winding, an output winding, an energy taking winding and a voltage regulating winding. The back-to-back converter is composed of a rectification unit, an inversion unit and a direct current capacitor. The rectification unit realizes stable control of DC voltage through controlling port current, and carries out reactive power and harmonic compensation on an input port of the hybrid transformer. And the inversion unit realizes flexible adjustment of the voltage of the output winding port of the hybrid transformer by controlling the output voltage of the inversion side. The method has the characteristic that the line fault current does not directly flow through the converter, and can reduce the voltage and current resistance level of a converter power device and the equipment protection difficulty, thereby reducing the cost of the hybrid transformer.

The invention discloses a data center novel full direct current power supply system with multi-energy access, a method, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the system comprises a 2N + 1 power supply scheme, a power supply from two 110kV buses is constructed into two sections of DC750 direct current buses through a unidirectional rectification link, the two sections of direct current buses can be interconnected for standby through a bus tie switch, and the two sections of direct current buses are connected with each other through a bus tie switch. The two sections of direct current buses convert voltage into DC240V through the DC / DC converter to supply power to the data center server, the power supply reliability of the data center is guaranteed, meanwhile, each section of bus is connected with the DC / DC photovoltaic converter, the AC / DC fan converter, the DC / DC energy storage converter and the AC / DC photovoltaic absorption unit through the direct current switch cabinet, the access capability of new energy is improved, and the power supply reliability of the data center is improved. And the power supply of the data center is further ensured by modifying the operation mode under various working conditions such as upper-level commercial power loss and alternating current system failure.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging equipment, in particular to a low-power-consumption standby control circuit adaptive to new and old charging piles. The circuit comprises a main loop control unit, a pre-charging control unit, an EMC filtering unit, a main power rectification unit, a zero power consumption control unit, a low power consumption control unit, an auxiliary power supply unit and an auxiliary rectification unit. Through the relay combination design of the main loop control unit, the zero-power-consumption control unit and the low-power-consumption control unit, dual-mode switching of zero power consumption and low power consumption in a standby state is realized. The module does not need to replace a magnetic latching relay or newly add an auxiliary power supply system, an old charging pile can directly achieve low power consumption (zero reactive power + low active power), a new charging pile achieves zero power consumption (zero reactive power + zero active power) through a 12V driving signal, standby power consumption and design cost are remarkably reduced, and the method is suitable for energy efficiency optimization of various non-vehicle-mounted chargers.

Provided in the present disclosure are a voltage conversion circuit, a charging station, and a control method for a charging station. The voltage conversion circuit comprises a transformer and a change-over switch module, wherein the transformer comprises a primary-side winding, a secondary-side winding and a free winding; the switch module comprises a primary-side change-over switch and a secondary-side change-over switch; a first end of the primary-side winding is used for connecting to an inverter circuit, and a second end of the primary-side winding is connected to the free winding or the inverter circuit by means of the primary-side change-over switch; a first end of the secondary-side winding is used for connecting to a rectifier circuit, and a second end of the secondary-side winding is connected to the free winding or the rectifier circuit by means of the secondary-side change-over switch; and by means of adjusting a connection state between the primary-side change-over switch and the secondary-side change-over switch, the free winding and the primary-side winding are connected in series, or the free winding and the secondary-side winding are connected in series, so as to change the turn ratio of the transformer. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by means of controlling the states of switches, the turn ratio of a primary side to a secondary side of the transformer is bidirectionally changed in a low-cost manner, thereby expanding the output voltage range of the voltage conversion circuit.

The invention discloses a superconducting rectifier, a superconducting diode and a manufacturing and control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of superconducting electronics, the superconducting rectifier comprises more than one superconducting diode, the superconducting diode comprises an insulating substrate and a superconducting nanowire, the superconducting nanowire is provided with a narrowing section, and the narrowing section is provided with a narrow section. The narrowing section is connected with a first gate line and a second gate line, the first gate line and the second gate line are symmetrically arranged, and the first gate line and the second gate line are both perpendicular to the superconducting nanowire. According to the invention, in-situ reconfigurable reversal symmetry destruction can be realized through a nanoscale hot spot controlled by a grid electrode; electrically controlled opening or closing and polarity reversal are realized by adjusting a small grid current without changing a magnetic field; the superconductive rectifier realizes electrically reconfigurable full-wave and half-wave rectification, and paves a way for development of extensible and electrically programmable superconductive electronic devices.

A rectifier includes digital timers to control FET switching rather than direct measurement of current and / or voltage. The digital timers control turn-off time to compensate for a delay produced by comparators in the rectifier. The digital timers are adjusted over multiple cycles to arrive at a turn-off time that produces zero current turn-off. The digital timers may be periodically or continuously readjusted based on a preceding set of cycles. Adaptive turn-off via digital timers is useful for discontinuous conduction mode suppression.

The technology described herein is directed towards a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that harvests RF energy from incoming signals based on energy harvesting antennas and associated energy harvesting circuitry. At the same time RIS elements (unit cells) redirect the incoming signals towards a predetermined direction. The harvested energy is combined and converted to DC power using a harvesting circuit. In one implementation, a dual-mode energy harvesting circuit employs a higher power rectifier subcircuit and a lower power rectifier subcircuit, with a multiport circulator and switch that self-actuates to use one or the other rectifier subcircuit based on the combined RF input power captured by the energy harvesting antennas. A multiple battery approach is described, in which one battery is charging based on the converted DC power, another, previously-charged battery is powering the reconfigurable intelligent surface components.