A
signal processing apparatus, a detection apparatus and a terminal device, which relate to the technical field of detection, and are used for reducing the costs and occupied spaces of optical
delay lines. The
signal processing apparatus comprises a first
frequency modulation group (11), a second
frequency modulation group (21) and an
optical delay line (400); the first
frequency modulation group (11) comprises a first frequency modulation photoelectric loop (110), a second frequency modulation photoelectric loop (210) and a polarization control element (300); the second frequency modulation group (21) comprises a third frequency modulation photoelectric loop (310); the polarization control element (300) is connected among the
optical delay line (400), a first
beam splitting element (112, 212, 312) in each frequency modulation photoelectric loop (110, 210, 310) and a
frequency mixer (114, 214, 314) in each frequency modulation photoelectric loop (110, 210, 310), and is used for outputting optical signals (S11, S21, S31) in the three frequency modulation photoelectric loops (110, 210, 310) to the
optical delay line (400) in orthogonal polarization directions, and outputting the delayed optical signals (S11 ', S21 ', S31 ') to the mixer (114, 214, 314) in each frequency modulation optoelectronic circuit (110, 210, 310). The
signal processing apparatus can achieve the effect that the three frequency modulation photoelectric loops (110, 210, 310) share the same optical
delay line (400), and reduce the number of optical
delay lines (400) required to be provided in the
signal processing apparatus, and the costs and occupied spaces of the optical delay lines (400).