1266 results about "Irradiance" patented technology

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other. The substrate processing tool may further comprise one or more reflectors adapted to generate a flood pattern of ultraviolet radiation over the substrate that has complementary high and low intensity areas which combine to generate a substantially uniform irradiance pattern if rotated. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other. The substrate processing tool may further comprise one or more reflectors adapted to generate a flood pattern of ultraviolet radiation over the substrate that has complementary high and low intensity areas which combine to generate a substantially uniform irradiance pattern if rotated. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Laser radiation delivered to a treatment area causes vaporization of a substantially greater volume of tissue than the volume of residual coagulated tissue. The laser radiation may have a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 700 nm, may be used with a smoke suppressing irrigant, may have an average irradiance greater than about 5 kilowatts / cm2, and may have a spot size of at least 0.05 mm2. A laparoscopic laser device, for use with an insufflated bodily cavity, may include an elongate body adapted for insertion into an insufflated bodily cavity. A laser energy delivery element, at the distal end of the elongate body, may be coupleable to a source of tissue-vaporization-capable laser energy and capable of delivering laser energy along a laser energy path extending away from the laser energy delivery element. A smoke-suppressing liquid pathway, extending along the elongate body to an exit opening at the distal end, may be coupleable to a source of a smoke-suppressing liquid. The smoke-suppressing liquid is directed generally along the laser energy path. A remote visualization device may be used to view along the laser energy path.

A method for machining a transparent material by the non-linear absorption of pulsed laser radiation, in the region of a laser focus, includes the following steps: a laser wavelength of between 300 and 1000 μm is selected; and laser impulses having a temporally flat beam profile are applied. The method is characterized in that the irradiation intensity is selected from an interval pre-determined for the material to be machined, in which plasma is formed without plasma luminescence. An apparatus for laser treating a transparent material includes structure to set an irradiance and inspect the treatment as being within a defined interval.

This invention provides a solar simulator measurement method capable of high-accuracy measurements with fast-response photovoltaic devices as well as with slow-response photovoltaic devices, and a solar simulator for implementing the method. A flash having a pulse wave form with a flattened peak is generated from a xenon lamp 1. The flash is sensed by an irradiance detector 3, its irradiance measured, and the irradiance of the light source is adjusted to fall within a prescribed narrow range based on the detected irradiance value. Then, the flash with irradiance within the prescribed range irradiates photovoltaic devices 4 under measurement, and the current and the voltage output by the photovoltaic devices 4 are measured at multiple points while a load of the photovoltaic devices 4 is controlled. This process is repeated with multiple flashes to obtain an I-V curve for the photovoltaic devices.

A method and apparatus irradiates a surface with at least one pulsed light beam emitted from an emission surface of an optical element. The at least one pulsed light beam comprises a plurality of pulses having a temporal pulsewidth in a range between about 0.1 millisecond and about 150 seconds. The at least one pulsed light beam has a beam cross-sectional area at the emission surface greater than about 2 cm2 and a time-averaged irradiance in a range between about 1 mW / cm2 and about 100 W / cm2.

Method for real-time computing of indirect illumination in a computer graphics image of a scene, comprising: defining a light propagation volume as a three-dimensional grid consisting of a plurality of grid cells; allocating a plurality of secondary light sources to grid cells of said light propagation volume; accumulating directional, colored irradiance contributions of all secondary light sources in a respective grid cell and repeating this step of accumulating for all grid cells of the light propagation volume to thereby obtain an initial indirect light intensity distribution. The propagation of light in said light propagation volume is then iteratively computed starting with the initial indirect light intensity to obtain a final indirect light intensity distribution, which is used for rendering the scene illuminated by the final indirect light intensity distribution during a usual scene rendering process from a camera's point of view.

A lighting device with at least one first-element that emits visible light at a wavelength and irradiance sufficient to inactivate one or more pathogenic bacterial species, and at least one second element that emits light of one or more longer wave-lengths to that of the first-element. The at least one second element has a higher illuminance than that of the at least one inactivating element or component.

A system, method and computer program product to assist in managing the physical plant mechanisms and market finances for a deregulated electricity grid or regulated utility grid, populated with solar electric generation capacity. This system provides tools to assist grid operators in the scheduling and dispatch of generation resources in an electrical grid populated with solar electric generation capacity, a week in advance, on an hourly basis. It also provides tools to assist companies engaged in generation, distribution and energy marketing, in the electrical power industry, to manage their contractual supply obligations in the day-ahead hourly wholesale market and the spot market, in an electrical grid populated with solar electric generation capacity. This process can also be used to predict solar loading of building structures, using forecast irradiance data as inputs to common building energy modeling programs, a week in advance, on an hourly basis.

A solar array system includes a plurality of power-generator modules, each power-generator module having an identical form factor and comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells wired for power generation. The system also includes at least one sensor module having a substantially identical appearance and form factor as the power-generator modules and comprising a like plurality of photovoltaic cells. The operational state of the system is monitored by an array performance monitor, which measures signals sent from the various modules. At least one photovoltaic cell in the sensor module delivers a short-circuit current signal to the array performance monitor and at least one photovoltaic cell in the sensor module delivers an open-circuit voltage signal to the array performance monitor. These signals are used to calculate a theoretical power output of the array system, which is compared to the actual power output.

Equi-dosed time-fractionated pulsed UVA is employed to irradiate a class of riboflavin / collagen mixture in the presence of copious oxygen to cause rapid crosslinking causing gelation of the riboflavin / collagen mixture in situ and to effect adhesion to underlying structure specifically ocular tissue such as scleral and corneal tissue. Irradiation according to an embodiment of the invention results in depletion of dissolved oxygen at a rate inversely related to irradiance and more particularly depletion of dissolved oxygen occurs rapidly during the process of generation / cross-linking of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically singlet oxygen, such that the pulsed fractionation of UVA radiation exposure increases cross-linking efficiency by allowing the re-diffusion of oxygen during pauses in exposure.

The invention discloses a nondestructive detection device and a nondestructive detection method for facility crop growth information, and belongs to the technical field of monitoring of facility crops. The device comprises a growth information sensing system, an electric control mechanical rocker arm and a control computer; the control computer drives the electric control mechanical rocker arm to be positioned at a detection position, and controls the growth information sensing system; reflection spectrums of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and moisture of crops, multispectral images, canopy temperature characteristic, multispectral morphological characteristics of canopies, stalks, plants and fruits, fruit quality information, and information of environmental illumination, temperature and humidity are acquired by using a multispectral imager and sensors of infrared temperature, irradiance, environmental temperature and humidity and load; nutrient and moisture characteristic spaces are acquired by optimizing and compensating the nutrient and moisture characteristics of the crops; and growth vigor information of canopy area, stalk thickness, fruit quality, plant height and the like is acquired by extracting the multispectral morphological characteristics of the crops, and comprehensive acquisition and nondestructive detection of the growth information of the crops are realized by combining nutrient, moisture and growth vigor characteristics.

An illumination-redistribution lens comprising a thick aspheric lens collecting a high proportion of the luminous output of a compact LED with a quasi-hemispheric pattern. After receiving the highly nonuniform illuminance from the nearby LED, the lower surface refractively deflects these rays into a less diverging angular pattern that results in uniform illuminance on the upper surface of the lens, which itself is shaped so its distribution of slope angles refractively deflects the uniform illuminance distribution into an exiting beam that will produce uniform illuminance on a distant target, such as a table below a ceiling-mounted unit. When square-cut sections of such lenses are laterally arrayed to form a downlight, a uniform rectangular spot will be produced on the target.

Apparatus and methods of using lasers are provided for spalling and drilling holes into rocks. A rock removal process is provided that utilizes a combination of laser-induced thermal stress and laser induced superheated steam explosions just below the surface of the laser / rock interaction to spall the rock into small fragments that can then be easily removed by a purging flow. Single laser beams of given irradiance spall rock and create holes having diameter and depth approximately equal to the beam spot size. A group of the single laser beams are steered in a controllable manner by an electro-optic laser beam switch to locations on the surface of the rock, creating multiple overlapping spalled holes thereby removing a layer of rock of a desired diameter. Drilling of a deep hole is achieved by spalling consecutive layers with an intermittent feed motion of the laser head perpendicular to the rock surface.

Solar irradiance, the energy from the Sun's electromagnetic radiation, has a wide range of applications from meteorology to agronomy to solar power. Solar irradiance is primarily determined by a location's spatial relationship with the Sun and the atmospheric conditions that impact the transmission of the radiation. The spatial relationship between the Sun and a location on Earth is determined by established astronomical formulas. The impact of atmospheric conditions may be estimated via proxy using pixels from satellite imagery. While satellite-based irradiance estimation has proven effective, availability of the input data can be limited and the resolution is often incapable of capturing local weather phenomena. Brief qualitative descriptions of general atmospheric conditions are widely available from internet weather services at higher granularity than satellite imagery. This methodology provides logic for quantifying the impact of qualitative weather observations upon solar irradiance, and the integration of this methodology into solar irradiance estimation models.

The invention comprises a system and method for treating an exposed tissue of a patient with a light energy. A plurality of light emitting diodes are disposed over an area of a supporting structure. The light emitting diodes emit light energy. The light energy comprises a substantial band of wavelengths between about 380 and 800 nm. The light emitting diodes are optically coupled to the exposed tissue of the patient. A driver circuit is electrically coupled to the light emitting diodes for driving a current through the plurality of light emitting diodes. An average irradiance of the light energy emitted from the area by the light emitting diodes is at least about 30 mW per square centimeter during a treatment. In some embodiments, the light energy emitted from a first light emitting diode substantially overlaps with light energy emitted from several adjacent light emitting diodes as the light energy propagates toward the tissue. A substantially uniform irradiance profile distribution forms near a surface of the tissue.

A precision, laser-based method and system for high-speed, sequential processing of material of targets within a field are disclosed that control the irradiation distribution pattern of imaged spots. For each spot, a laser beam is incident on a first anamorphic optical device and a second anamorphic optical device so that the beam is controllably modified into an elliptical irradiance pattern. The modified beam is propagated through a scanning optical system with an objective lens to image a controlled elliptical spot on the target. In one embodiment, the relative orientations of the devices along an optical axis are controlled to modify the beam irradiance pattern to obtain an elliptical shape while the absolute orientation of the devices controls the orientation of the elliptical spot.

Temperature measurement and heat-treating methods and systems. One method includes measuring a present intensity of radiation thermally emitted from a first surface of a workpiece, and identifying a present temperature of the first surface in response to the present intensity and at least one previous thermal property of the first surface. Preferably, the workpiece includes a semiconductor wafer, and the first and second surfaces respectively include device and substrate sides thereof. The present temperature of the device side is preferably identified while the device side is being irradiated, e.g. by an irradiance flash having a duration less than a thermal conduction time of the wafer. The device side temperature may be identified in response to a previous device side temperature, which may be identified in response to a previous temperature of the substrate side unequal to the previous device side temperature, and a temperature history of the wafer.

Systems and methods are providing for treating a patient with continuous low irradiance photodynamic therapy. A disclosed method includes applying a photosensitizer to the patient; applying a conformable skin facing light applicator to the patient; and providing continuous low irradiance photodynamic therapy through the light applicator. A disclosed system includes a light applicator having a fiber optic cloth. The light applicator is conformable so that it can be worn against a patient's skin and the fiber optic cloth has a two dimensional surface that emits light in a direction toward a patient's skin. In this aspect, the power of the light emitted from the two dimensional surface in a direction toward a patient's skin is less than or equal to about 5 mW / cm2.

A method and apparatus for producing an indication of solar panel condition is disclosed. The method involves receiving operating condition signals including an irradiance signal representing electromagnetic radiation received by the solar panel, and an age signal representing age of the solar panel. The method also involves receiving a power signal representing actual power output from the solar panel and producing a power estimate in response to the operating condition signals and irradiance and age adjustment factors. The power estimate represents an expected power output from the solar panel and the adjustment factors are for adjusting the irradiance signal and the age signal respectively. The method further involves causing a warning signal to be generated in response to a difference between the power signal and the power estimate.

A method for forecasting reduction in sunlight intensity due to cloud cover at a photovoltaic power plant is described. The method comprises determining characteristics of one or more clouds from sensors surrounding the photovoltaic power plant. The cloud characteristics are used to create a 3D map of the clouds. The 3D map in combination with information on the angle of the sun is used to create a 3D projection on the surface of the earth, resulting in a 2D surface irradiance map. The 2D surface irradiance map may be taken in successive projections or used in combination with wind speed data to forecast fluctuation in irradiance at the photovoltaic power plant. The forecasted reductions in power may be used to enact measures at the plant such as reducing the power output of inverters to prevent sudden fluctuations in the power output of the photovoltaic plant feeding the utility.

A system, method and computer program product to assist in managing the physical plant mechanisms and market finances for a deregulated electricity grid or regulated utility grid, populated with solar electric generation capacity. This system provides tools to assist grid operators in the scheduling and dispatch of generation resources in an electrical grid populated with solar electric generation capacity, a week in advance, on an hourly basis. It also provides tools to assist companies engaged in generation, distribution and energy marketing, in the electrical power industry, to manage their contractual supply obligations in the day-ahead hourly wholesale market and the spot market, in an electrical grid populated with solar electric generation capacity. This process can also be used to predict solar loading of building structures, using forecast irradiance data as inputs to common building energy modeling programs, a week in advance, on an hourly basis.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other. The substrate processing tool may further comprise one or more reflectors adapted to generate a flood pattern of ultraviolet radiation over the substrate that has complementary high and low intensity areas which combine to generate a substantially uniform irradiance pattern if rotated. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other. The substrate processing tool may further comprise one or more reflectors adapted to generate a flood pattern of ultraviolet radiation over the substrate that has complementary high and low intensity areas which combine to generate a substantially uniform irradiance pattern if rotated. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a beam reshaping device for a plane array semiconductor laser. The device includes a fast axis collimating lens, a slow axis collimating lens, a ladder lens, a first parallelepiped prism unit, and a second parallelepiped prism unit. The beam emitted by the plane array semiconductor laser passes through the fast axis collimating lens and the slow axis collimating lens, and lowers the divergence angle of the fast axis and the divergence angle of the slow axis. The irradiance interspace between bars can be eliminated by the ladder lens and can be compressed in the direction of the fast axis. Finally, part of beam can be moved parallel along the fast axis direction by the first parallelepiped prism unit and the second parallelepiped prism unit, and then be moved along the slow axis direction. Through the above process, the beam is realigned, and the purpose that the quality of the fast axis beam and the quality of the slow axis beam tend to be coincident is reached. The realigned beam can get high-power high-brightness facula after being focused. The optical apparatus used in the present invention is easy to be produced and convenient to be adjusted with simple structure.

Apparatus and methods of using lasers are provided for spalling and drilling holes into rocks. A rock removal process is provided that utilizes a combination of laser-induced thermal stress and laser induced superheated steam explosions just below the surface of the laser / rock interaction to spall the rock into small fragments that can then be easily removed by a purging flow. Single laser beams of given irradiance spall rock and create holes having diameter and depth approximately equal to the beam spot size. A group of the single laser beams are steered in a controllable manner by an electro-optic laser beam switch to locations on the surface of the rock, creating multiple overlapping spalled holes thereby removing a layer of rock of a desired diameter. Drilling of a deep hole is achieved by spalling consecutive layers with an intermittent feed motion of the laser head perpendicular to the rock surface.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other. The substrate processing tool may further comprise one or more reflectors adapted to generate a flood pattern of ultraviolet radiation over the substrate that has complementary high and low intensity areas which combine to generate a substantially uniform irradiance pattern if rotated. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Systems and methods provide scene-based non-uniformity correction for infrared images, in accordance with one or more embodiments. For example in one embodiment, a method of processing infrared images includes storing a template frame comprising a first plurality of pixel data of an infrared image; receiving an input frame comprising a second plurality of pixel data of an infrared image; determining frame-to-frame motion between at least some of the first and second plurality of pixel data; warping the template frame based on the determining of the frame-to-frame motion; comparing the first plurality of pixel data to the second plurality of pixel data to determine irradiance differences based on the determining; propagating pixel offset information for scene based non uniformity correction terms, based on the determining of the frame-to-frame motion, for at least some of the scene based non uniformity correction terms to other ones of the scene based non uniformity correction terms; updating the scene based non uniformity correction terms based on the comparing and the propagating; applying the scene based non uniformity correction terms to the second plurality of pixel data to reduce fixed pattern noise; and providing an output infrared image after the applying.

In a solar simulator for measuring the current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic devices, it is to provide a measurement method using a solar simulator in which locative unevenness of irradiance on the test plane of the test plane side is drastically improved, not in a light source side, and a means for adjusting irradiance and the like. when an object is the photovoltaic devices Ms, and the current-voltage characteristics are measured by a solar simulator Ss equipped with a light source composed of a lamp and a reflector, and a part for setting the object to be measured, in which it is possible to dispose an irradiated test plane of the object to be measured opposite an illuminating surface of said light source, the whole test plane of said photovoltaic devices is divided imaginarily into a plurality of sections and a selected member for adjusting irradiance is disposed opposite the test plane of each imaginary sections so as to equalize or substantially to equalize the irradiance by the light source at every irradiated test plane of the sections, after which light from said light source is directed onto the test plane of the object to be measured.

Focused imaging of constant size and resolution over a wide range of distances and a wide field of view in object space is provided by a doubly telecentric catadioptric optical system including an external limiting aperture at the juncture of the focal planes of two objectives, with a large-diameter concave spherical or aspheric mirror as the primary objective, and a camera lens as the secondary objective. Constant resolution avoids rescaling of images made at different depths for machine recognition tasks such as OCR, saving computation time and cost, and increasing through-put and accuracy. For digital linescan cameras, constant resolution of the image avoids scanning objects at different line rates for different depths of objects being scanned, thus maximizing speed of the objects and, hence, throughput. The field of view is constant over the entire range of depth and is not limited by the diameter of the camera lens elements. Undesirable cropping of the image of objects close to the imaging system is prevented. The effective f / number of the system is constant over the entire range of focus, and the image irradiance is more uniform over the entire field of view than with a traditional non-telecentric camera lens.