2861 results about "Frame based" patented technology

Systems, methods, devices, processes, procedures, algorithms, networks, and network elements are described for time-scheduled and / or time-reserved dat networks. Invention provides capabilities for synchronizing data networks and / or data network links; for establishing time-schedules, time-reservations, time-schedule reservations, and / or reservation time-slots for packets, cells, frames, and / or datagrams; and for transferring, transmitting, switching, routing, and / or receiving time-sensitive, high-reliability, urgent, and / or other time-scheduled, time-reserved, time-allocated, and / or time-scheduled-reservation packets, cells, frames, and / or datagrams, such as real-time and high-priority messages over these networks. The invention(s) enables packet-, cell-, datagram- and / or frame-based networks to thereby efficiently, reliably, and in guaranteed real-time, to switch and / or route data such as voice, video, streaming, and other real-time, high-priority, high-reliability, and / or expedited data with guaranteed delivery and guaranteed quality of service. Networks may be fixed, point-to-point, mobile, ad-hoc, optical, electrical, and / or wireless.

The invention relates to enabling traffic engineering in frame-based networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections (76, 77) in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (71-75 and 78) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination address corresponding to a destination node (73) of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections (76, 77) to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node (75) despite the different connections having the same destination node. This enables flexibility in routing connections—ie the ability to perform traffic engineering.

The invention relates to enabling differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections (76, 77) in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (71-75 and 78) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination (or source) address corresponding to a destination (or source) node (73) of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination (or source) address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections (76, 77) to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node (75) despite the different connections having the same destination node. This enables flexibility in routing connections and the ability to perform traffic engineering.

The present invention relates to a medical device, and in particular, to a stent-based valve. The valve includes a radially expandable structural frame comprising a proximal anchor and a distal anchor. The proximal and distal anchors are formed from a lattice of interconnected elements, and have a substantially cylindrical configuration with first and second open ends and a longitudinal axis extending there between. The stent based valve also comprises one or more connecting members, each having a first and a second end. The first end of each connecting member is attached to the proximal anchor and the second end of each connecting member is attached to the distal anchor. A biocompatible valve assembly is attached to the proximal anchor and extends distally along the one or more connecting members.

A system and method for creating applications, such as web applications, is disclosed. The system comprises a controller generator that is adapted to provide an application with a controller that receives a request for data from a user and responds to the request by sending information to the user in a predetermined format. The system further comprises a layout manager generator that is adapted to provide a layout manager that formats a c-frame based on configuration information and renders the c-frame as part of the information sent to the user in response to the request.

Techniques for displaying content on a display to reduce screenshot quality are described herein comprising generating a set of degradation frames based on a source frame, with each degradation frame in the set of degradation frames based on applying one or more alterations to the data in the source frame based on a set of degradation parameters. A frame display order is determined and at least a subset of the degradation frames is displayed, corresponding to the frame display order.

A node of a frame-based network has a group of outgoing links which are to be treated as an aggregated group of links. A frame distributor performs a distribution function on data frames which are intended for transmission on the group of links. The frame distributor determines if the data frame is an encapsulated data frame which forms part of a tunnelled traffic path across the network. If the data frame does form part of a tunnelled traffic path across the network, the frame distributor allocates the data frame to one of the group of links using at least part of an identifier from the header of the data frame. The identifier represents a service with which the data frame is associated, a customer or user of the data frame, or the tunnelled traffic path, which have greater variability than the backbone destination and source addresses.

The present invention relates to a medical device, and in particular, to a stent-based valve. The valve includes a radially expandable structural frame comprising a proximal and distal anchors formed from a lattice of interconnected elements, and having a substantially cylindrical configuration with first and second open ends and a longitudinal axis extending there between. One or more cantilevered valve struts are attached directly or indirectly to the proximal anchor. The stent based valve also comprises one or more connecting members attached between the proximal and distal anchors. A biocompatible valve assembly is coaxially disposed and attached to the proximal anchor and extends in the longitudinal direction along the one or more connecting members.

Systems and methods for providing fractional bandwidth communication channels in classes of service that do not normally support these types of channels. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving one or more frames, wherein each frame contains non-QoS header information, classifying the one or more frames based on the corresponding non-QoS header information and scheduling delivery of the one or more frames based upon corresponding frame classifications, wherein frames in classifications corresponding to QoS circuits are scheduled in a manner that meets QoS requirements associated with the QoS circuits. When the frames are classified, they are forwarded to dynamically allocated queues corresponding to the respective classifications. Frames are scheduled for delivery from the queues according to a modified bin-filling algorithm that is designed to meet the QoS requirements of the respective circuits. This method may be implemented, for example, in a Fibre Channel Class 2 or Class 3 fabric.

The invention is a routing method for data in a personal area network. The personal area network includes a plurality of nodes. The method includes receiving a frame at a node, determining whether the node contains a routing table entry for the frame destination, and when the node contains a routing table entry, determining a route for the frame based on a first routing protocol. The method further includes, when the node does not contain a routing table entry for the frame destination, determining whether a route should be discovered for the frame destination, and when a route should not be discovered, determining a route for the frame based on a second routing protocol.

A method for selecting an operating mode for a frame-based communications network consisting of a plurality of stations attached to a transmission medium. The plurality of stations include both a first type station and a second type station. The first type station is capable of transmitting and receiving first protocol frames in accordance with a first protocol. The second type station is capable of transmitting and receiving both first protocol frames and second protocol frames in accordance with a second protocol. The first protocol and the second protocol each use different signals on the transmission medium. The first type station is not capable of reliably detecting second protocol frames. The first protocol has a first protocol frame format containing at least two reserved bits in a first protocol frame header which are ignored in received frames by first type stations and always sent with a same fixed value by first type stations. The first protocol frame format is redefined to provide an updated first protocol frame header wherein two reserved bits in the first protocol frame header are allocated as a mode selection indicator field in the updated first protocol frame header. The mode selection indicator field has meaning for second type stations.

A network switch includes network switch ports, each including a port filter configured for detecting user-selected attributes from a received layer 2 frame. Each port filter, upon detecting a user-selected attribute in a received layer 2 frame, sends a signal to a switching module indicating the determined presence of the user-selected attribute, for example whether the data packet has a prescribed priority value. The network switch includes a flow control module that determines which of the network switch ports should output a flow control frame based on the determined depletion of network switch resources and based on the corresponding priority value of the network traffic on each network switch port. Hence, any network switch port that receives high priority traffic does not output a flow control frame to the corresponding network station, enabling that network station to continue transmission of the high priority traffic. In most cases, the congestion and depletion of network switch resources can be alleviated by sending flow control frames on only those network switch ports that receive lower priority traffic, enabling the network switch to reduce congestion without interfering with high priority traffic.

A device or method for video compression uses a technique in which changes in the image are encoded by motions of block of the image and signals indicating evolutions in the block. To determine the motions of the blocks of a each frame, a search is performed for a similar block of a previous frame based on points of the previous frame which are arranged in successive diamond shaped zones. The diamond shaped zones may be centred on the position of the block in previous frame, or one or more predicted motions of the block. The method terminates according to criteria defined using thresholds.

A mobile communication system includes a radio network controller (RNC), at least one Node B, and at least one user equipment (UE) able to receive a broadcast service from the Node B. The RNC generates a paging control frame based on the paging information including paging indicator bit mapping information indicating paging for each broadcast service; transmits the paging control frame to the Node B; and receives a response message to the paging control frame from the Node B. The Node B receives paging information including paging indicator bit mapping information indicating paging for each broadcast service, from the RNC through a paging control frame; transmits a response message including the paging information to the RNC in response to the paging control frame; and transmits the paging indicator to the UE based on the paging information.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a forwarding mechanism and a control mechanism. During operation, the forwarding mechanism forwards frames based on their Ethernet headers. The control mechanism operates the switch in conjunction with a separate physical switch as a single logical switch and assigns a virtual switch identifier to the logical switch, wherein the virtual switch identifier is associated with a link aggregation group.

Video coding and decoding methods and video encoder and decoder are provided. The video encoding method includes determining one of inter predictive coding and intra predictive coding mode as a coding mode for each block in an input video frame, generating a predicted frame for the input video frame based on predicted blocks obtained according to the determined coding mode, and encoding the input video frame based on the predicted frame. When the intra predictive coding mode is determined as the coding mode, an intra basis block composed of representative values of a block is generated for a block and the intra basis block is interpolated to generate an intra predicted block for the block.

This invention involves apparatus and methods for relating image scan data of a patient's anatomy from an imaging scanner to a device attached to said patient's anatomy or to an apparatus located nearby said patient's anatomy. In one embodiment it includes identification of fiducial points or markers on or near the patient's anatomy in the image scan data, and subsequently relating these fiducial points to reference points or structures connected to an apparatus attached to or nearby the patient's body. Such an apparatus might be a surgical head clamp or stereotactic frame or arc which has been attached to the patient's head at the time of surgery. A mapping is made between the coordinate frame data of the scan image to the coordinate reference frame of the patient attachment means or external apparatus by physically referencing the fiducial points to the patient attachment means or external apparatus. In one embodiment, such registration can be in the form of distance or coordinate measurements between the fiducial points on the patient's body and the reference points on the external apparatus. Applications are given in the field of frameless stereotaxy, radiosurgery, and stereotactic frame application.

A video coding algorithm supports both lossy and lossless coding of video while maintaining high color fidelity and coding efficiency using an in-loop, reversible color transform. Accordingly, a method is provided to encode video data and decode the generated bitstream. The method includes generating a prediction-error signal by performing intra / inter-frame prediction on a plurality of video frames; generating a color-transformed, prediction-error signal by performing a reversible color-space transform on the prediction-error signal; and forming a bitstream based on the color-transformed prediction-error signal. The method may further include generating a color-space transformed error residual based on a bitstream; generating an error residual by performing a reversible color-space transform on the color-space transformed error residual; and generating a video frame based on the error residual.

A control strategy is provided for dynamically encoding multiple streams of video data in parallel for multiplexing onto a constant bit rate channel. The control strategy allows individual encode bit rates to be dynamically adjusted for each video data stream based in part on relative complexity of the multiple streams of video data, as well as fullness of compressed video data buffers and a channel buffer coupled between the encoders and the constant bit rate channel. The control strategy includes analyzing the multiple streams of video to determine relative complexity thereof, encoding the multiple streams of video frames in parallel, and dynamically adapting encoding of at least one stream of the video frames based on the relative complexity of the video frames. The bit rate for each stream of video frames is only changed at GOP boundaries, or if a scene change occurs. The calculated bit rate is preferably further modified based upon buffer fullness.

A method for encoding a syntax element contained in a precoded video signal into a coded bit stream, the precoded video signal representing at least one video frame, the syntax element being associated with a predetermined portion of the video frame and being indicative of as to whether the predetermined portion of the video frame is precoded in a first or a second way into the precoded video signal is described. The method comprises investigating as to whether a neighboring portion of the video frame neighboring the predetermined portion is precoded in the first way or the second way, in order to obtain a binary value; assigning one of at least two context models to the predetermined portion of the video frame based on the binary value, wherein each context model is associated with a different probability estimation; and arithmetically encoding the syntax element into the coded bit stream based on the probability estimation with which the assigned context model is associated.

A network device that controls the communication of data frames between stations receives data frames having different levels of priority. The network device identifies the levels of priority and processes the frames based on the priority level. When a congestion condition associated with a resource on the network device occurs, the network device generates a pause frame that includes a priority indicator and transmits the pause frame to at least one station. When a receiving station receives the pause frame, the receiving station suspends transmission of data frames having a priority corresponding to the priority indicator and continues transmitting frames having other priorities.

A speech recognition method, medium, and system. The method includes detecting an energy change of each frame making up signals including speech and non-speech signals, and identifying a speech segment corresponding to frames that include only speech signals from among the frames based inclusive of the detected energy change.

A method and apparatus for implementing a virtual local area network. The method includes determining a global virtual local area network for transmitting a data frame in response to receiving the data frame at a first switch, encapsulating the data frame based at least in part on said determination and transmitting it to at least one second switch over the determined global virtual local area network. The data frame is received at the second switch and an identifier of the global virtual local area network is obtained according to the data frame. Based at least in part on the identifier of the global virtual local area network, it is determined that which local virtual local area network served by the second switch the de-capsulated data frame can be sent to.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method and system for emulating a knowledge representation in a UML environment. A Meta-Object Facility and UML profile are grounded in a foundation ontology. The elements representing the knowledge representation ontology are mapped to elements of UML, based on the grounded Meta-Object Facility and UML profile, thereby emulating the knowledge representation in a UML environment.

A system for measuring a pulse and respiratory rate from passive thermal video includes contour segmentation and tracking, clustering of informative pixels of interests, and robust dominant frequency component estimation. Contour segmentation is used to locate a blood vessel region to measure, after which all pixels in the nearby region are aligned across frames based on the segmentation's position, and scale in each frame. Spatial filtering is then performed to remove noise not related to heart beat and then non-linear filtering is performed on the temporal signal corresponding to each aligned pixel. The signal spectrum of each pixel is then feed to a clustering algorithm for outlier removal. Pixels in the largest cluster are then used to vote for the dominant frequency, and the median of the dominant frequency is output as the pulse rate.

A method of processing low resolution input frames containing undersampled views of an optically imaged scene to produce a higher quality, higher resolution output frame. This method operates by obtaining a sequence of low resolution input frames containing different undersampled views of an optically imaged scene. With regard to each new low resolution input frame, the method involves the further steps of measuring a displacement between a previous low resolution input frame and a new low resolution input frame to sub-pixel precision to produce a measured displacement; coarsely registering a high resolution working frame with the new low resolution input frame based on the measured displacement; finely registering the new low resolution input frame with the high resolution working frame by expanding the new low resolution input frame into a new high resolution input frame based on the measured displacement; and merging the new high resolution input frame into the high resolution working frame to produce an output frame.

Lane marker coordinate data obtained from a previous frame of a vehicle vision system is projected into the current video frame based on measured translation and rotation of the host vehicle. The projected lane marker coordinate data is consolidated with lane marker coordinate data from the current video frame for lane detection or display applications.