1450 results about "Phase offset" patented technology

Methods for compensating for phase shifts of a communication signal. The methods involve determining a first reference signal (Vref-1) at a first location along a transmission path and a second reference signal (Vref-2) at a second location along the transmission path. Vref-2 is the same as Vref-1. At the first location, a first phase offset is determined using Vref-1 and a first communication signal. At the second location, a second phase offset is determined using Vref-2 and a second communication signal. A phase of a third communication signal is adjusted at the second location using the first and second phase offsets to obtain a modified communication signal. The first, second, and third communication signals are the same communication signal obtained at different locations along the transmission path.

Embodiments of the invention enable the synchronization of clocks across packet switched networks, such as the Internet, sufficient to drive a jitter buffer and other quality-of-service related buffering. Packet time stamps referenced to a local clock create a phase offset signal. A shortest-delay offset generator uses a moving-window filter to select the samples of the phase offset signal having the shortest network propagation delay within the window. This shortest network propagation delay filter minimizes the effect of network jitter under the assumption that queuing delays account for most of the network jitter. The addition of this filtered phase offset signal to a free-running local clock creates a time reference that is synchronized to the remote clock at the source thus allowing for the transport of audio, video, and other time-sensitive real-time signals with minimal latency.

An overlay target for spectroscopic measurement includes at least two diffraction gratings, one grating overlying the other. The diffraction gratings may include an asymmetry relative to each other in order to improve resolution of the presence as well as the direction of any mis-registration. For example, the asymmetry between the two diffraction gratings may be a phase offset, a difference in pitch, line width, etc. The overlay target may be spectroscopically measuring, for example, using an optical model and a best fit analysis. Moreover, the overlay target may be optimized by modeling the overlay target and adjusting the variable parameters and calculating the sensitivity of the overlay target to changes in variable parameters.

A signal detector employs a coherent accumulation system that coherently combines the correlation results derived from segments of samples of a received signal. The segments may have non-uniform lengths and may have been obtained over different and non-overlapping time periods. The segments are obtained during sampling windows of arbitrary length and at arbitrary times, and the results of processing the segments are successively combined in a coherent manner (separate magnitude and phase accumulation) until a threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been achieved. Coherent integration is enabled by introducing a carrier phase offset as well as a code phase offset, so that different segments are aligned in carrier phase as well as code phase. Although not limited to this application, in one implementation example, the signal detector is used in connection with and as part of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.

An RF object locating system and method that uses or includes a set of N (N>2) receivers (monitoring stations) located at fixed positions in and / or about a region to be monitored, one or more reference transmitters that transmit a timing reference, a location processor that determines object location based on time-of-arrival measurements, and at least one object having an untethered tag transmitter that transmits RF pulses, which may additionally include object ID or other information. Free-running counters in the monitoring stations, whose phase offsets are determined relative to a reference transmitter, are frequency-locked with a centralized reference clock. Time-of-arrival measurements made at the monitoring stations may be stored and held in a local memory until polled by the location processor. The invention permits rapid acquisition of tag transmissions thereby enabling the monitoring of large numbers of objects, and also provides a unique approach to data correlation in severe multipath environments.

A system and method are described for compensating for frequency and phase offsets in a multiple antenna system (MAS) with multi-user (MU) transmissions (“MU-MAS”). For example, a method according to one embodiment of the invention comprises: transmitting a training signal from each antenna of a base station to one or each of a plurality of wireless client devices, one or each of the client devices analyzing each training signal to generate frequency offset compensation data, and receiving the frequency offset compensation data at the base station; computing MU-MAS precoder weights based on the frequency offset compensation data to pre-cancel the frequency offset at the transmitter; precoding training signal using the MU-MAS precoder weights to generate precoded training signals for each antenna of the base station; transmitting the precoded training signal from each antenna of a base station to each of a plurality of wireless client devices, each of the client devices analyzing each training signal to generate channel characterization data, and receiving the channel characterization data at the base station; computing a plurality of MU-MAS precoder weights based on the channel characterization data, the MU-MAS precoder weights calculated to pre-cancel frequency and phase offset and / or inter-user interference; precoding data using the MU-MAS precoder weights to generate precoded data signals for each antenna of the base station; and transmitting the precoded data signals through each antenna of the base station to each respective client device.

An integrated circuit device includes a receiver, a register and a clock circuit. The receiver samples data from an external signal line in response to an internal clock signal. The register stores a value that represents a timing offset to adjust the time at which the data is sampled. The clock circuit generates the internal clock signal such that the internal clock signal maintains a controlled timing relationship with respect to an external clock signal. The clock circuit includes an interpolator that phase mixes a set of reference clock signals such that the internal clock signal is phase offset in accordance with the value.

A transmitter is provided having transmission methods that minimize the power needed to ensure reliable reception in a coverage area. In one aspect, data that requires re-transmission as acknowledged mode data is re-transmitted when the power level of the transmission link is higher than a pre-determined level set for reliable reception. The data rate of the re-transmitted data is set according to the difference in the actual power and the pre-determined level. In a second aspect, two transmitting antennae are used to transmit the same signals with a frequency off-set. The frequency off set can be used to determine the phase of the signals being received at the receiver, so that a phase off-set can be introduced to optimise the effect of interference at the receiver.

A system, apparatus, and method for determining the distance between two objects using an indirect propagation delay measurement is disclosed. A frequency hopping scheme (such as the Bluetooth.TM. technology) is used to measure the relative phase offset of the received signal between the various frequencies. For a given distance between the objects, the phase offset vs. frequency curve is a straight line with the slope dependent upon the measured distance. After the phase of the received signals is detected, the data is plotted on a curve and the slope is calculated. A wireless slave device remains phase locked with another device in a half-duplex communication mode by employing a low-drift phase locked loop employing a voltage controlled crystal oscillator. The phase locked loop further employs a mechanism that provides immunity from transitory phase slip at a time when the loop is opened.

Disclosed are systems and methods which provide high bandwidth data communication with respect to a large coverage area using smart antenna and / or directional antenna (referred to herein as multi-beam antenna) technology. Circuitry may be provided at a WLAN AP to provide selection of particular antenna beams used in the downlink and / or uplink, control of multicast transmission, control of unicast transmission, and to provide antenna pattern shaping techniques. Embodiments implement multi-beam antenna technology with little or no hardware modifications to AP circuitry. Other embodiments implement multi-beam technology using radio front-end and / or radio hardware modifications to AP circuitry. Various diversity techniques may be implemented, such as selection diversity, maximum ratio combining, and equal gain combing. To provide desired antenna pattern shaping, phase offsets with respect to a signal as transmitted in each antenna beam may be employed.

Timing recovery and synchronization for data communication is utilized. A pilot sequence of signals can be selected to improve recovery of a phase offset and a frequency offset in a communication system. Sampling instances can further be adjusted based on pilot sequences within a user data portion.

A method and apparatus for detecting and synchronising packets of data with a repeated sequence as a pilot symbol received by a communications system are provided. The method and apparatus include receiving data, detecting a packet within the received data, producing an estimate of the time-varying frequency offset of the received data, estimating the start of the packet of the received data, estimating the time-varying phase offset of the received data and estimating the time-varying time offset of the received data. Methods for assessing each one of the time-varying frequency offset, the time-varying phase offset, the time-varying time offset and the start of packet are also provided.

A polyphase electrosurgical system and method are provided. In embodiments, a radiofrequency generator having the capability of delivering a plurality of independent electrosurgical signals is disclosed. An electrosurgical instrument having an array of electrodes that correspond to the plurality of signals may be used to deliver the electrosurgical signals to tissue. In embodiments, three RF signals having a phase offset of about 120° therebetween, i.e., a three-phase configuration, may be used to achieve a balanced delivery of electrosurgical energy, which may lead to increased rates of energy delivery, improved control of tissue ablation regions, and improved operative outcomes. The phase, amplitude, and / or frequency of each signal may be independently variable in response to user inputs and / or biological parameters such as tissue impedance or return electrode current.

A digitally implemented voltage regulator having including a plurality of slaves coupled in parallel. Each slave includes a switching circuit that intermittently couples an input terminal and an output terminal of the voltage regulator in response to a digital control signal for the corresponding slave. A current sensor in each slave generates a digital first feedback signal derived from the current passing through the corresponding switching circuit. A digital controller receives and uses the digital feedback signals from the plurality of slaves to generate a digital control signal for each slave. The digital controller operates active slaves of the plurality of slaves at determined phase offsets to minimize voltage ripple and maintain the output voltage at the output terminal at a substantially constant level.

A multi-channel imaging system is calibrated by measuring the geometric distortion in each sub-image, generating corresponding correction factors, and applying such factors to correct subsequent image data. In addition, intensity transfer-function arrays are measured at each pixel, and further used to correct for system and detector nonlinearities and nonuniformity between images. The procedure is repeated over a range of wavelengths to produce a complete set of correction coefficients and transfer functions. When the system is used for interferometric phase measurements, multiple measurements are preferably taken and a random phase offset in the reference path length is introduced at each measurement. The multiple phase data so derived are then averaged to reduce phase-dependent systematic measurement errors.

A system, apparatus, and method for determining the distance between two objects using an indirect propagation delay measurement is disclosed. A frequency hopping scheme (such as the Bluetooth™ technology) is used to measure the relative phase offset of the received signal between the various frequencies. For a given distance between the objects, the phase offset vs. frequency curve is a straight line with the slope dependent upon the measured distance. After the phase of the received signals is detected, the data is plotted on a curve and the slope is calculated.

A signal processing method and apparatus capable of correcting signal distortion introduced by an RF power amplifier is disclosed, which includes the use of a buffer to store a plurality of samples representing at least a portion of an input signal intended for amplification by the RF power amplifier, the use of a self-receiver to receive an output signal generated by the RF power amplifier, the use of a synchronization unit to determine, as a matching input sample, which of the stored plurality of samples corresponds most closely to the output signal, and the use of a predistortion unit to selectively apply a distortion correction function to the input signal prior to amplification by the RF power amplifier in which the distortion correction function being derived from a relationship between the matching input sample and the output signal. This permits more precise and updateable determination of the delays involved in the RF modulation and amplification stages of the amplifier and the self-receiver, thus allowing for more precise and aggressive adaptive predistortion to be used. A phase offset correction is optionally provided to correct a phase offset in the realized sample of the output signal relative to the matching input symbol. Additionally, a sampling phase error correction unit may be provided to generate sampling alteration information to an analog-to-digital converter to cause such analog-to-digital converter to selectively alter sampling of the output signal.

A digital television (DTV) receiving system includes an information detector, a timing recovery unit, a carrier recovery unit, and a phase compensation unit. The information detector detects position information of a known data sequence periodically repeated in a DTV signal and estimates an initial frequency offset value. The timing recovery unit performs timing recovery on the DTV signal by detecting timing error information from the DTV signal using the position information. The carrier recovery unit performs carrier recovery on the DTV signal using the position information. The phase compensation unit compensates a phase offset of the DTV signal using the position information.

A timing recovery unit detects a phase offset and a frequency offset from a head area of reproduction data and initially corrects them. The timing recovery unit stores data in which a head reproduction signal has been made to be discrete by a fixed clock into a buffer. A phase offset detector detects the phase offset from the data head area in parallel with the operation for writing the data into the buffer. At the same time, a frequency offset detector detects the frequency offset from the data head area in parallel with the operation for writing the data into the buffer. A correction value of the detected phase offset and a correction value of the detected frequency offset are initially set into a digital PLL. While the data is read out from the buffer, a frequency lead-in and a phase lead-in are executed in the head area.

Methods of compensating for radial incoherence in servo information that is read from adjacent servo tracks that have a phase offset relative to one another on a data storage disk of a disk drive are provided. While a transducer is seeking to a target track, the transducer generate a servo information signal that has a first component from servo information read from a first servo track on the disk and a second component from servo information read from a second servo track that is radially adjacent to the first servo track. The servo information in the first and second servo tracks are offset by a non-zero phase error relative to one another and are in a same servo sector on the disk. The servo information signal is sampled to generate a series of sampled servo values. A phase error of a group of the sampled servo values is determined. The sampled servo values are compensated in response to the determined phase error to generate compensated servo values with at least reduced phase error.

This invention uses a real-time holographic medium to record the amplitude and phase information collected from a moving platform at the aperture plane of a side-looking optical sensor over the collection time. A back-scan mirror is used to compensate platform motion during the synthetic aperture integration time. Phase errors caused by a nonlinear platform motion are compensated by controlling the phase offset between the illumination beam and the reference beam used to write the hologram based on inertial measurements of the flight path and the sensor line-of-sight pointing angles. In the illustrative embodiment, a synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) imaging system is mounted on a mobile platform. The system is adapted to receive a beam of electromagnetic energy; record the intensity and phase pattern carried by the beam; and store the pattern to compensate for motion of the platform relative to an external reference. In the illustrative embodiment, the image is stored as a holographic image. The system includes a back-scan mirror, which compensates the stored holographic pattern for motion of the platform. The medium and back-scan mirror may be replaced with a digital camera and one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays may be used. In a specific embodiment, a two-dimensional array is used with a time delay and integration (TDI) scheme, which compensates for motion of the platform in the storage of the optical signals. In an alternative embodiment, a back-scanning mirror is used to compensate for motion of the platform. Consequently, the interference pattern between a relayed image of the aperture plane and a reference beam is continuously stored. In this embodiment, the instantaneous location of the received beam on the recording medium is controlled to compensate for motion of the platform.

A timing recovery unit detects a phase offset and a frequency offset from a head area of reproduction data and initially corrects them. The timing recovery unit stores data in which a head reproduction signal has been made to be discrete by a fixed clock into a buffer. A phase offset detector detects the phase offset from the data head area in parallel with the operation for writing the data into the buffer. At the same time, a frequency offset detector detects the frequency offset from the data head area in parallel with the operation for writing the data into the buffer. A correction value of the detected phase offset and a correction value of the detected frequency offset are initially set into a digital PLL. While the data is read out from the buffer, a frequency lead-in and a phase lead-in are executed in the head area.

A communication method, transmitter, receiver, and cellular ratio communication system. When the high priority data and the low priority data are transmitted at the same time in the multi-carrier communication, a processing in accordance with the priority is performed to decode data accurately. At the transmitting side, the high priority symbols and the low priority symbols are alternately positioned and each symbol of the differential symbol stream obtained by differential-modulating the high priority data based on the differential phase is assigned to sub-carrier. The transmission signal in which the sub-carriers on which high priority symbols are superimposed and the sub-carriers on which low priority symbols are superimposed are positioned alternately is transmitted. At the receiving side, when the transmission signal is received at a reception timing having transfer delay, the phase offset component is detected from the high priority symbol of the symbol stream obtained by performing a predetermined reception processing and the differential demodulation on the reception signal, and the high priority data is decoded. After the phase offset component is removed from the phase component of the low priority symbol of the symbol stream, the low priority data is decoded.

The present invention relates to a device for the location of passive intermodulation faults in a coaxial cable network. The test apparatus (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention utilises a pair of high-power, frequency-synthesised, unmodulated RF carriers v1(t) (101) and v2(t) (102) are generated inside the HPA module of the apparatus. The power and frequency of v1(t) (101) and v2(t) (102) can be independently set to a range of values, v1(t), v2(t) are combined inside the instrument and then applied to the input of the device under test (DUT). The PIM signals (107,108,109) generated in the DUT are combined to produce the primary PIM signal vIM(t) (103). The apparatus also includes two receivers (110,111,112,113,114,115) for the detection of vIM(t) 103 and vREF(t) (104). These signals are downconverted to 455 kHz. The two 455 kHz waveforms are digitised with a dual- channel A / D converter (116,117) and the amplitude ratio and phase offset between the digitised waveforms are calculated and stored.

A clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) for receiving high-speed digital data, and having an analog phase offset control capability, is improved by providing an adaptive sampling edge position control. A differential circuit samples the raw data signal at three closely spaced sampling points of the eye, and compares advanced and delayed sampled data with the nominal sampled data. If either the advanced or delayed sampled data differ from the nominal sampled data, i.e. if advanced or delayed errors are detected, a shift in the sampling edge position may be required. A logic circuit performs a method determining the occurrence of advanced or delayed errors over progressively longer time intervals, and to adjust the sampling edge position of the CDR by controlling the phase offset.

A method and apparatus for receiving a signal from transmitters such as GPS satellites, for fixing the location of the receiver. Each of the transmitted signals includes a unique periodically-repeating sequence. A received signal is stored by the receiver for at least two repetitions of the periodically-repeating sequence. FFT operations are performed, and the resulting data frequency samples are pruned responsive to a hypothesized residual frequency, a procedure which significantly reduces the total number of subsequent calculations and therefore significantly reduces processing time. A correlation series is determined from the pruned samples and reference frequency samples corresponding to a hypothesized transmitter. If a match is found in the examination of this series, a code phase offset is determined; if not the process is repeated with another hypothesized residual frequency. Multiple correlation series similarly obtained may also be incoherently combined prior to this examination. The apparatus and method disclosed herein is particularly useful for combined position location and communication systems, especially those that are unsynchronized, such as assisted GPS (“A-GPS”) utilized on GSM and UMTS cellular telephone systems.

The present invention relates to a frequency offset compensating apparatus and method, and an optical coherent receiver. The optical coherent receiver includes a front end processor and a frequency offset estimator, of which said front end processor converts an inputted optical signal into a base band digital electric signal, and said frequency offset estimator estimates a phase offset change introduced by a frequency offset in said base band digital electric signal; said frequency offset compensating apparatus comprises an M output integrator, for integrating the phase offset change introduced by the frequency offset to acquire M inverse numbers of the phase offset introduced by the frequency offset, where M is an integer greater than 1; a series-parallel converting device, for dividing said base band digital electric signal into M sub base band digital electric signals; M complex multipliers, for constructing the corresponding inverse numbers in the M inverse numbers to be complex numbers, and multiplying them with the corresponding sub base band digital electric signals in the M sub base band digital electric signals; and a parallel-series converting device, for converting the M sub base band digital electric signals multiplied by said complex multipliers into a base band electric signal.