The invention discloses a near-field real-time calibration method for a human body millimeter wave imaging safety inspection system, and the calibration system comprises a switch array, an antenna array, a metal calibration line, an amplitude and phase consistency calibration module and a relative time delay calibration module. The antenna array is used for measuring a reference signal, the amplitude and phase consistency calibration module is used for calibrating amplitude and phase consistency, and the relative time delay calibration module is used for calibrating relative time delay, thereby completing the near-field real-time calibration method for the human body millimeter wave imaging safety inspection system. In the method, the metal line is adopted for performing near-field calibration on the imaging system, and the disturbance of the structure of the metal calibration line on a radiation field of the antenna array is small, so that the calibration repeatability is good, and the calibration precision can be ensured. The calibration method can complete calibration by only performing measurement on an air target region once, a calibration reflector does not need to be placed, the calibration time is less than imaging measurement time, and real-time calibration can be performed on a working clearance of the system at any time.