696 results about "Radiation field" patented technology

An arrangement is provided for charging a charge storage device by placing the charge storage device in an RF or microwave radiation field. One or more antennas which receive the radiated RF electromagnetic field are placed on the charge storage device. Rectifiers connected to the antennas rectify the received RF electromagnetic field an produce a DC output current which is used to charge the charge storage device. The charge storage device may be a battery or a capacitor and may form an integral part of an electronic device. The same RF field that charges the charge storage device can also be employed to communicate data to transponders which may be associated with computing devices.

A device and method for spatially resolved photodetection and demodulation of temporally modulated electromagnetic waves makes it possible to measure phase, amplitude and offset of a temporally modulated, spatially coded radiation field. A micro-optical element (41) spatially averages a portion (30) of the scene and equally distributes the averaged intensity on two photo sites (51.1.51.2) close to each other. Adjacent to each of these photo sites (51.1) are two storage areas (54.1, 54.2) into which charge from the photo site can be moved quickly (with a speed of several MHz to several tens or even hundreds of MHz) and accumulated essentially free of noise. This is possible by employing the charge-coupled device (CCD) principle. The device combines a high optical fill factor, insensitivity to offset errors, high sensitivity even with little light, simultaneous data acquisition, small pixel size, and maximum efficiency in use of available signal photons for sinusoidal as well as pulsed radiation signals. The device and method may be used in a time-of-flight (TOF) range imaging system without moving parts, offering 2D or 3D range data.

Disclosed herein is a human body communication system for communicating data via an electric field formed by intervention of a human body, the human body communication system including: a transmitter for generating the electric field by transmitting a potential difference signal corresponding to transmission data from a transmitting electrode; and a receiver for receiving the data by reading the potential difference signal in the electric field by a receiving electrode; wherein the transmitter and the receiver use the potential difference signal in a frequency band such that a quasi-electrostatic field formed within the human body is dominant over a radiation field formed outside the human body when the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode are each disposed in very close vicinity to the human body.

A network of radiation detection instruments, each having a small solid state radiation sensor module integrated into a cellular phone for providing radiation detection data and analysis directly to a user. The sensor module includes a solid-state crystal bonded to an ASIC readout providing a low cost, low power, light weight compact instrument to detect and measure radiation energies in the local ambient radiation field. In particular, the photon energy, time of event, and location of the detection instrument at the time of detection is recorded for real time transmission to a central data collection/analysis system. The collected data from the entire network of radiation detection instruments are combined by intelligent correlation/analysis algorithms which map the background radiation and detect, identify and track radiation anomalies in the region.

A diode laser arrangement is disclosed wherein a radiation source is designed which can be scaled with respect to power such that different types of cooling can be applied and the configuration of the radiation field is suitable for adapting to different tasks in a simple manner. For this purpose, every diode laser is connected to a thermal contact surface of a separate, heat-spreading carrier which is fastened to a cooling surface of a common cooling element so as to be electrically insulated. The carriers are arranged adjacently in such a way that the line-shaped emission regions of the diode lasers are adjacent in series and the p-n junction planes extend parallel to the thermal contact surfaces. The diode laser arrangement is particularly suitable as a pump light source.

X-ray pixel beam array systems and methods for electronically shaping radiation fields and modulating radiation field intensity patterns for radiotherapy are disclosed. One exemplary pre-clinical system may include addressable electron field emitters (102, 104) that are operable to emit a plurality of electron pixel beams (106, 108, 110). Each electron pixel beam may correspond to an x-ray target (124) and x-ray pixel beam collimation aperture (136, 138) to convert a portion of energy associated with the electron pixel beam to a corresponding x-ray pixel beam (140, 142). Further, the x-ray pixel beam array collimator (130) forms a one-to-one correspondence between individual electron pixel beam and its corresponding x-ray pixel beam. One exemplary clinical system may include a high-energy electron source (1203), an n-stage scanning system (1210), x-ray pixel beam targets (1212), and an x-ray pixel beam array collimator (1214). A controller (1206) may sequentially direct electron beam pulses to predetermined x-ray pixel targets and produce an electronically controlled radiation field direction, pattern; and intensity pattern.

A method for acquiring PET images with reduced time coincidence window limits includes obtaining a preliminary image of a patient within a radiation field of view (FOV), determining the spatial location of the patient within the FOV based on the preliminary image, calculating a different time coincidence window based on the spatial location of the patient for each possible pair of oppositely disposed detectors, scanning the patient with a PET scanning system to detect a pair of gamma photons produced by an annihilation event, determining whether the detection of the pair of gamma photons occurs within the time coincidence window, accepting the detected event only if the detection of the gamma photons occurs within the time coincidence window, calculating the spatial location of accepted annihilation event, and adding the calculated spatial location of the annihilation event to a stored distribution of calculated annihilation event spatial locations representing the distribution of radioactivity in the patient.

A high-speed, three-dimensional, gamma-ray imaging method and system as well as a detector and array of such detectors for use therein are provided which characterize radioactivity distributions in nuclear and radioactive waste and materials facilities by superimposing radiation images on a view of the environment using see-through display screens or shields to provide a stereoscopic view of the radiation. The method and system provide real-time visual feedback about the locations and relative strengths of radioactive sources. The method and system dynamically provide continuous updates to the displayed image illustrating changes, such as source movement. A pair of spaced gamma-ray cameras of a detector subsystem function like “gamma eyes”. A pair of CCD cameras may be coupled to the detector subsystem to obtain information about the physical architecture of the environment. A motion tracking subsystem is used to generate information on the user's position and head orientation to determine what a user “sees”. The invention exploits the human brain's ability to naturally reconstruct a 3D, stereoscopic image from 2D images generated by two “imagers” separated by a known angle(s) without the need for 3D mathematical image reconstruction. The method and system are not only tools for minimizing human exposure to radiation thus assisting in ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) planning, but also are helpful for identifying contamination in, for example, laboratory or industrial settings. Other optically-invisible radiation such as infrared radiation caused by smoldering fires may also be imaged. Detectors are manufactured or configured in curvilinear geometries (such as hemispheres, spheres, circles, arcs, or other arrangements) to enable sampling of the ionizing radiation field for determination of positional activity (absolute or relative amounts of ionizing radiation) or spectroscopy (energy distributions of photons). More than one detector system may be used to obtain three-dimensional information. The detector systems are specifically suitable for direct visualization of radiation fields.

A dosimeter (100) for radiation fields is described. The dosimeter includes a scintillator (1) a light pipe (2) having a first end in optical communication with the scintillator (1) and a light detector (6). The light pipe (2) may have a hollow core (3) with a light reflective material about the periphery of the hollow core (3). The dosimeter (100) may further include a light source (61) that generates light for use as a calibrating signal for a measurement signal and/or for use to check the light pipe (2).

A polygonal radiation module having radiating members without a light guiding board for a backlight module or a lighting device includes a polygonal optical plate with a rising area having a rising surface defined at a center thereof, a plurality of radiating members, and a diffusion plate. The radiating members surrounding a periphery of the optical plate possess radiant half-intensity angles of the radiation below 15 degrees for respectively forming optic axial directions thereof. Whereby, the optic axial directions of the radiating members face to the rising surface, and radiation fields are individually generated as pivoted by the optic axial directions to cast at the rising surface. Thus, an even radiating surface caused by a diffusion of light source from the diffusion plate could be preferably obtained even if no light guiding board is applied.

Provided are apparatus and methods for forming a multidimensional image of inanimate or animate objects which utilize a magnetization source (112) to magnetize a volume of an object to be imaged, a radiation source (118) for applying a radiation field to the object to be imaged, an output signal detector (120) for producing output signals in response to the secondary radiation at a plurality of spatial locations outside of the object as a function of time, processors (126, 126a and 126b) for determining a plurality of Fourier components, for associating the Fourier components due to each voxel (14) by phase, and for converting each set of components into a voxel location, and an image processor (128) for producing an image.

The electron beam corresponding to radiation intensity data 112 is output from an electron source 103 by supplying high energy pulse p-1 through p-n corresponding to the radiation intensity data 112 of the radiation field to electron source 103 from power source 108. This electron beam is deflected to be incident in parallel to the medial axis of the X-ray target tube by a deflection means comprising electromagnets, X-ray beam x-1 through x-n which electron beam collides to the inner wall of X-ray target tube 104-1 through 104-n, and have desired intensity is irradiated.

The invention discloses a microwave related imaging system and a microwave related imaging method based on a thinned array, which mainly aim to solve the problems of poor imaging effect and low resolution when non-radial relative movement does not exist between a radar antenna and a target in the prior art. The system comprises a transmitting antenna (1), a target (2), a receiver (3) and a signal processor (5), wherein the transmitting antenna (1) is formed by a thinned array antenna; different microwave coded signals are transmitted by all array elements, so as to form a microwave radiation field in space through incoherent superposition; the target (2) is irradiated through the microwave radiation field, so as to generate target scattering echoes; the microwave radiation field (4) on the surface of the target (2) is stored; the target scattering echoes are received by the receiver (3) through a single antenna and a single channel; and the target scattering echoes received by the receiver (3) and the pre-stored microwave radiation field (4) are processed by the signal processor (5), so as to obtain the imaging of the target. By using the system and the method, super-resolution imaging of the target without ambiguity can be realized when the non-radial relative movement does not exist between the radar antenna and the target, and the system and the method can be used for super-resolution imaging of the target by an airborne forward-looking radar and a ball-borne radar.

The invention discloses a near-field real-time calibration method for a human body millimeter wave imaging safety inspection system, and the calibration system comprises a switch array, an antenna array, a metal calibration line, an amplitude and phase consistency calibration module and a relative time delay calibration module. The antenna array is used for measuring a reference signal, the amplitude and phase consistency calibration module is used for calibrating amplitude and phase consistency, and the relative time delay calibration module is used for calibrating relative time delay, thereby completing the near-field real-time calibration method for the human body millimeter wave imaging safety inspection system. In the method, the metal line is adopted for performing near-field calibration on the imaging system, and the disturbance of the structure of the metal calibration line on a radiation field of the antenna array is small, so that the calibration repeatability is good, and the calibration precision can be ensured. The calibration method can complete calibration by only performing measurement on an air target region once, a calibration reflector does not need to be placed, the calibration time is less than imaging measurement time, and real-time calibration can be performed on a working clearance of the system at any time.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic radiation sensitivity testing method for increasing test precision, which comprises six steps: a single radiating antenna is used for radiating from a far field, and the radiating power of the antenna, the field intensity value of electric-field sensors and the distance between the antenna and the electric-field sensors are measured; a tested device is placed, and a plurality of electric-field sensors are arranged; the values of the electric-field sensors are recorded at the moment; the radiating antenna is approached to the tested device, the difference of the field intensity value at the moment and the field intensity measured in the last step is from 0dB to 6 dB, and the values of the electric-field sensors are recorded at the moment; the power of the radiating antenna is calculated in standard field intensity; and a sensitivity test is carried out. The invention gives out satisfying conditions between the radiation field intensity Elim prescribed by a testing standard and the radiation power P of the radiating antenna, utilizes an antenna theory to calculate the satisfying conditions between the power of the radiating antenna and the measuring field intensity value of a testing point when an internal coupling field of the tested device reaches the testing requirement and gives out a quantized calculating method, thereby increasing the precision of the electromagnetic radiation sensitivity test, and ensuring that a testing result is accurate and can repeatedly appear.

A method and system to compute the dose to a patient (2) given a captured integrated exit-transit image (5) of the radiation rays (4) traveling from the source of x-rays (1) through the patient (2) to the imaging device (3) to product the exit-transit image (5). Each radiation field image (5) is transformed (6,8,10,12) to multiple images (7,9,11,13) for each phantom thickness (26) that was measured with the imaging device (3) for a range of field sizes (21). Given the water equivalent path (22) through the patient for a ray (4) reaching a pixel (15, 16), the final pixel value (19) is interpolated from the images (9, 11) that bracket the water equivalent path through the patient (22).

The invention provides a gamma nuclide fast identification method in a complex radiation field, comprising the following steps: measuring a radiation field to get a gamma energy spectrum; deducting a comprehensive background from the gamma energy spectrum and reducing the noise of the gamma energy spectrum to get a net energy spectrum; determining potential nuclides according to the peak positions in the net energy spectrum; calculating the total net peak area of each potential nuclide; standardizing the total net peak area of each potential nuclide to get the standardized total net peak area of the potential nuclide; deducting a Compton scattering background from the standardized total net peak area of each potential nuclide to get the pure peak area value of each potential nuclide; calculating the total probability value and the probability standard threshold of each potential nuclide in the radiation field; and calculating the existence probability of each potential nuclide. According to the invention, multiple times of background deduction calculation and standardization are performed on the measured energy spectrum data, and a nuclide can be identified and the existence probability of the nuclide can be calculated quickly based on the total probability value calculated based on the probability statistics principle and the standard threshold calculated by a standard source.

A three dimensional radiation measurement scanning system includes a circular drive operable with horizontal and vertical drives for moving a radiation detector through first, second and third orthogonal axes in a three dimensional scanning of the detector in a water tank. Motor are coupled to the drives and activated by a controller for providing the movement of the radiation detector which providing radiation field sensing signals for locations of the detector throughout the tank. A reference detector is fixed for comparing its radiation field measurements with those of the scanned radiation detector. An offset mount carries the radiation detector allowing it to be extended beyond the circular ring gear during horizontal movement of the radiation detector and thus position the radiation detector at wall surfaces of the water tank.

Decontamination of nuclear facilities is necessary to reduce the radiation field during normal operations and decommissioning of complex equipment. In this invention, we discuss gel and foam based diphosphonic acid (HEDPA) chemical solutions that are unique in that these solutions can be applied at room temperature; provide protection to the base metal for continued applications of the equipment; and reduce the final waste form production to one step. The HEDPA gels and foams are formulated with benign chemicals, including various solvents, such as ionic liquids and reducing and complexing agents such as hydroxamic acids, and formaldehyde sulfoxylate. Gel and foam based HEDPA processes allow for decontamination of difficult to reach surfaces that are unmanageable with traditional aqueous process methods. Also, the gel and foam components are optimized to maximize the dissolution rate and assist in the chemical transformation of the gel and foam to a stable waste form.

A radiation structure without a light guiding board for a backlight module or an illuminant device includes an optical plate formed with at least one rising area having a rising surface defined at the center thereof, two light sources disposed adjacent to two sides of the optical plate, and a diffusion plate. The light sources each possess a radiant half-intensity angle below 15 degrees for respectively forming optic axial directions thereof, allowing a radiation field to be diffusively formed from the pivoting of the optic axial directions. Whereby, the optic axial directions respectively face toward the rising surface, allowing the projection of the radiation field on the rising surface, and the diffusion plate is disposed above the rising area of the optical plate. Therefore, an even radiating surface caused by a diffusion of the light sources from the diffusion plate could be preferably obtained even if no light guiding board is applied.

A spectral encoder for producing spectrally selected images of a radiation field containing multiple spectral components. An imaging spectrograph defines a first optical path that produces from the input radiation field a spectrally dispersed image comprising multiple spectral components displaced along a dispersion direction. Spectral pass bands are encoded on the dispersed image by a programmable spatial light modulator using one or more spatial masks. The imaging spectrograph further defines a second optical path that reverses the spectral dispersion of the first path and produces a spectrally-encoded polychromatic output image containing only those spectral components encoded by the spatial mask. The first and second optical paths share a common dispersing element. A detector records at least one spatial region of the spectrally encoded output image.

The invention relates to a semiconductive silicon rubber shielding material for a radiation-resistant cable, and a preparation method of the material, belonging to the technical field of cable shielding material. The semiconductive silicon rubber shielding material comprises the raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon rubber, 20-40 parts of conductive carbon black, 40-50 parts of white carbon black, 1.0-2.5 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 2.0-3.0 parts of auxiliary vulcanizing agent, 5-15 parts of diphenyl silanediol, 1.0-2.0 parts of stearic acid, 4-6 parts of zinc oxide and 2-5 parts of ferric oxide, wherein the silicon rubber is phenyl ether supporting silicone rubber or phenylene silicone rubber; and the auxiliary vulcanizing agent is triene propyl cyanurate. The silicon rubber shielding material is good in radiation-resistant performance, and can give play to the specified function for a long time on radiation occasion when being used as a shielding layer of an electric wire and the cable.

The invention discloses a system and a method of directly optimizing static-state intensity-modulated sub-field shapes and machine hop count thereof. The system comprises an input module, a data processing module, an optimizing module and an optimized result output module. According to requirements of radiotherapy plan constitutors, the system and the method automatically build corresponding objective functions, regulation of the sub-filed shapes is conducted through the genetic algorithm, optimization of sub-field weight is conducted through the conjugate gradient algorithm, the genetic algorithm and the conjugate gradient algorithm are alternated for optimization, and finally, the sub-filed shapes meeting requirements and the corresponding machine pop count weight of the sub-field shapes are obtained. By means of the method, each sub-filed shape in each radiation field direction, meeting the requirements, and the machine pop count of each sub-field shape can be rapidly obtained, and the optimized result is a sub-field array which can be directly implemented. The system and the method not only can effectively solves the precision problem existing in a traditional method, but also are simple to operate, and can improve plan drawing-up efficiency and plan implementation efficiency.

The invention discloses a microwave stare correlated imaging device capable of performing random frequency hopping based on different code speeds. A random radiation unit is used for generating and transmitting a microwave pulse signal according to control information transmitted by a main control unit, the microwave pulse signal forms a microwave radiation field having time-space two-dimensional random features in a target area, the scatter echo of an observation target in the target area is received by a receiving unit, and a correlated imaging device is used for correlating the scatter echo with a microwave radiation field to obtain an inversion image observation target; the microwave pulse signal transmitted by each radiation antenna is the same in the pulse period and the pulse repeating frequency, each microwave pulse signal comprises a plurality of random frequency hopping sub-pulses, a frequency point is selected randomly in a bandwidth range, microwave pulse signals transmitted by different radiation antennas are different in random frequency hopping sub-pulse frequency hopping code speed, and frequency hopping patterns are orthogonal. An ideal time-space two-dimensional random radiation field which is required by microwave stare correlated imaging is realized on the aspect of engineering under the conditions of low code speed transmission, low-speed acquisition and lower bandwidth.

The invention discloses a teleoperation-device-based virtual reconstruction system and a teleoperation-device-based virtual reconstruction for a nuclear radiation environment. The virtual reconstruction system for the nuclear radiation environment comprises a front-end subsystem arranged on a mobile device, wherein the front-end subsystem is connected with a background subsystem through a communication cable. The virtual reconstruction system for the nuclear radiation environment acquires the information of the nuclear radiation environment through positioning measurement equipment, gamma image acquisition equipment and a gamma spectrometer, which are arranged on the front-end subsystem, and transmits the information of the nuclear radiation environment to the background subsystem for processing through the communication cable by front-end communication equipment to create a virtual scene of the nuclear radiation environment. A nuclear radiation environment field can be measured in real time, the virtual scene can be reconstructed on line, and nuclear radiation environment measurement and nuclear radiation environment reconstruction are integrated, so that reconstruction efficiency is improved; and a three-dimensional model of a radiation source and the attribute of the radiation source are associated, so that rich visual information can be provided for staff, the working hours of the staff in a radiation field are reduced, and the nuclear radiation level of the staff can be reduced as much as possible.

The present invention relates to a method of forming a two-dimensional pattern, which includes: dispersing a plurality of spheres on a substrate; using the spheres to form a mask on the substrate; etching the substrate; and removing the mask from the substrate. In addition, the present invention further relates to a method of processing a surface of a substrate, which includes: dispersing a plurality of spheres on the surface of the substrate; depositing a substance among the spheres; and removing the spheres to leave the deposited substance on the surface of the substrate. The method of the present invention achieves a quicker and simpler process with a lower cost. In addition, a light emitting device manufactured through the method of the present invention has preferred light extraction efficiency and a variable radiation field pattern.

The invention relates to a model prediction method of radiation intensity that is generated by the high power short-wave launching aerial mounted on the complex platform. The method is a proportion iconic model of 1:n according to the real contracture of the short wave antenna and the complex platform; The model prediction measurement system of the short-wave launching aerial radiation intensity is set; the short wave antenna of the iconic model is connected with the model prediction measurement system of the short-wave launching aerial radiation intensity; the signal output from the radiofrequency signal source of the measurement system is fed to the short wave antenna of the iconic model via the radio-frequency power amplifier, the model field intensity measured by the field intensity indicator is acquired, the data processing module software of the testing control computer calls the calibration data and the model field intensity data to calculate the radiation intensity of the real aerial. On the condition of low transmitting power in lab, the radiation intensity that is generated by the high power short-wave launching aerial mounted on the complex platform could be predicted precisely by the calibration of measurement system and the processing of module aerial radiation intensity data.

The invention relates to a laser amplifier system consisting of a solid body, which comprises a laser-active medium, of a pumping radiation source for generating a pumping radiation field, which repeatedly permeates the solid body, and of a focusing system. Said focusing system generates a number of different branches of the pumping radiation field that enter the solid body and converts at least one branch emerging from the solid body into one of the branches which enter the solid body and which are different from the emerging branch. The aim of the invention is to improve a laser amplifier system of the aforementioned type in order to be able to generate the highest possible pumping power density in the solid body while requiring the smallest possible amount of complexity. To this end, the focusing system comprises at least one deviating unit which converts, by deviating the radiation field with regard to a single plane of symmetry, at least two first partial branches formed from at least two different branches of the pumping radiation field emerging from the solid into at least two corresponding second partial branches which locally extend in a manner that is separate from the first partial branches and of which at least two branches entering the solid body are formed.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an organic polymer and in particular discloses a preparation method of polyacrylic acid or a copolymer thereof. The method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing 3-62% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, 0-48% of comonomers, 0.05-35% of sodium hypophosphite and 30-96% of water; mixing the prepared raw materials all together and stirring the mixture uniformly, placing the mixture in a 60Co gamma ray radiation field to undergo radiation-induced polymerization, with radiation dose of 1.2-30KGy and obtaining the polyacrylic acid or the copolymer thereof after polymerization; and neutralizing the prepared polyacrylic acid or the copolymer thereof in aqueous alkali until the pH value is 6.5-9, thus obtaining polyacrylate or copolymer salt thereof. The invention has the following advantages: the energy consumption is low, the equipment utilization ratio is high, the process is simple and the operation is convenient, chemical initiators are avoided, the product performance is excellent, the production safety and environment-friendliness are better and the product can serve as a dispersing agent, a scale inhibitor, a thickening agent, a flocculating agent, etc.

By using a scintillation surveymeter with good calibration performance evaluation for a secondary standard radiation field, and a working standard part obtaining an ambient dose equivalent rate, in cooperation with a portable irradiator, and an irradiator lifter, a laser range finder and a laser locator of a relevant radiation source, in-situ calibration is capable of being performed on fixed, or large-scale, or continuous monitoring type radiation monitors to be calibrated stationed in nuclear power plants, nuclear medical departments, and other nuclear facility operating institutions. Moreover, a time-efficient and effective in-situ calibration method is further provided, which can be performed based upon a standard calibration field that is achieved using a portable ¹³⁷Cs radiation source. The in-situ calibration method is capable of saving the trouble of delivering large-scale monitors, or monitors difficult to move, or monitors requiring continuous monitoring to calibration laboratories for scheduled calibration.