57 results about "Human exposure" patented technology

A high-speed, three-dimensional, gamma-ray imaging method and system as well as a detector and array of such detectors for use therein are provided which characterize radioactivity distributions in nuclear and radioactive waste and materials facilities by superimposing radiation images on a view of the environment using see-through display screens or shields to provide a stereoscopic view of the radiation. The method and system provide real-time visual feedback about the locations and relative strengths of radioactive sources. The method and system dynamically provide continuous updates to the displayed image illustrating changes, such as source movement. A pair of spaced gamma-ray cameras of a detector subsystem function like “gamma eyes”. A pair of CCD cameras may be coupled to the detector subsystem to obtain information about the physical architecture of the environment. A motion tracking subsystem is used to generate information on the user's position and head orientation to determine what a user “sees”. The invention exploits the human brain's ability to naturally reconstruct a 3D, stereoscopic image from 2D images generated by two “imagers” separated by a known angle(s) without the need for 3D mathematical image reconstruction. The method and system are not only tools for minimizing human exposure to radiation thus assisting in ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) planning, but also are helpful for identifying contamination in, for example, laboratory or industrial settings. Other optically-invisible radiation such as infrared radiation caused by smoldering fires may also be imaged. Detectors are manufactured or configured in curvilinear geometries (such as hemispheres, spheres, circles, arcs, or other arrangements) to enable sampling of the ionizing radiation field for determination of positional activity (absolute or relative amounts of ionizing radiation) or spectroscopy (energy distributions of photons). More than one detector system may be used to obtain three-dimensional information. The detector systems are specifically suitable for direct visualization of radiation fields.

Systems and methods for determining radiation exposure during an x-ray guided medical procedure are disclosed. In some embodiments, the system includes an x-ray equipment model that simulates the emission of radiation from x-ray equipment during the x-ray guided medical procedure, a human exposure model that simulates one or more human anatomies during the x-ray guided medical procedure, a radiation metric processor that calculates at least one radiation exposure metric, and a feedback system for outputting information based on the at least one radiation exposure metric. The radiation metric processor calculates radiation exposure metrics based on input parameters that correspond to operating settings as well as the location and structure of one or more human anatomies.

The present invention describes the preparation of maytansinol by methods that minimize processing steps, and reduce solvent volumes, making the process more efficient, and scaleable. This process comprises a step of converting bridged acetals of maytansinol to maytansinol. The simplified processing also aids in lowering the potential for human exposure to chemicals. Also provided is an isolated C3 to C9 bridged acetal of maytansinol.

Embodiments of the invention include a power beam receiver that will not reflect light beyond the regulatory limits for human exposure, except along paths known to be without people. In one embodiment, a baffle is used to trap reflections from surfaces of the receiver. In a second embodiment, the power beam receiver is arranged so that reflections are reflected to another surface of the receiver. These surfaces may be designed as a retroreflector. In a third embodiment, an intentional scattering medium is added to the power beam receiver so that parallel light rays incident on the front surface of the power beam receiver are scattered through a series of angles. As a result, any light escaping the system is diffused.

A disinfecting system comprises a light source having output suitable for use as a germicidal agent, and a power supply for the light source that is adapted to limit the output of the light source to levels adequate for microbial growth control. The light source is operatively housed in fluid-conveying equipment for disinfecting fluids and surfaces therein. The limited output is attenuated by fluid-conveying equipment components disposed within the output range of the light source. The attenuated output provides safe human exposure levels in the vicinity of fluid intake and exhaust portions of the fluid-conveying equipment. The limited output inhibits the degradation of fluid-conveying equipment components disposed within the output range of the light source. The light source may be covered with a thin film or sleeve of material being semi-transparent to germicidal UV wavelengths to control the output of the light source.

A pantyhose undergarment is provided that has relatively sheer upper arm and body portions, the upper arm portions end as cap sleeves with knitted-in welts just above the mid upper arm area and being comprised of a sweat absorbent material in the under arm area starting at the mid upper arm and terminating down the side of the wearer's body, just adjacent to the top of the breasts and the body portion being comprised of a sheer form fitting front and back torso portion, the part of the front and back torso portion beginning just above the breast area being comprised of a sheer portion and the part beginning just below the breast area covering the stomach and abs, being comprised of a sheer reinforced control top portion. This pantyhose undergarment as one embodiment terminates just below the knees as a form fitting body hose to be worn under tight sweaters, shirts or blouses, and pants, Capri pants or long skirts and dresses, as another embodiment terminates at the upper thigh area as a form fitting body piece to be worn under a dress or skirt and tight sweaters, shirts or blouses, and as another embodiment terminates at the crotch area and extends as a thong towards the backside of the wearer to be worn as a form fitting one piece body hose with fitted pants or skirts, tight sweaters, shirts or blouses and dresses.The absorbent pantyhose undergarment protects the wearer's clothing from being soiled and stained and is a method of maintaining ones wardrobe without having to run to the dry cleaners often or replace one's clothing frequently. The absorbent pantyhose undergarment provides the user with shaping support, and because sweating is a natural and common bodily reaction to different types of human exposure, it gives the user the freedom to feel confident to interact physically and verbally under any setting without feeling discomfort or embarrassment from soiled and smelly clothes due to sweat. Where the embodiments of the present pantyhose undergarment terminate below the knees and at the upper thigh area, the reinforced control top provides support over the cellulite regions of the body, more specifically, the middle torso, stomach, abs and the upper thigh area. The knitted-in welts at the upper arm regions, leg regions and the upper thigh region blend into the sheer and control top portions of the undergarment without causing upper arm and / or leg constriction. The overall design of this undergarment provides the wearer with a smooth, tight appearance when worn under clothing without causing discomfort due to bulkiness and irritable scents due to underarm perspiration.

The invention discloses a high-wall surface painting system and method for industrial buildings. A moving base is arranged to drive the whole high-wall surface painting system for the industrial buildings to achieve autonomous navigation and movement in a work space, a two-bar telescopic lifting mechanism is used for driving a mechanical arm to ascend and descend for painting of a high-rise region, the mechanical arm drives a spray gun to achieve multiple degree-of-freedom angle and position adjustment so as to meet the requirements of different painted positions; the whole painting process isautomatically completed by the high-wall surface painting system for the industrial buildings, time and labor are saved, the efficiency is high, the high-wall surface painting system for the industrial buildings can achieve painting of the top of an area up to 13 meters, and the painting requirements of high-rise areas are met. The thickness of paint is accurate and uniform, the painted surface is evenly distributed, and the quality of painting is ensured. The high-wall surface painting system for the industrial buildings can obviously reduce paint dust produced in the painting process, thusreducing the risk of human exposure to harmful paint chemicals.

Systems and methods for determining radiation exposure during an x-ray guided medical procedure are disclosed. In some embodiments, the system includes an x-ray equipment model that simulates the emission of radiation from x-ray equipment during the x-ray guided medical procedure, a human exposure model that simulates one or more human anatomies during the x-ray guided medical procedure, a radiation metric processor that calculates at least one radiation exposure metric, and a feedback system for outputting information based on the at least one radiation exposure metric. The radiation metric processor calculates radiation exposure metrics based on input parameters that correspond to operating settings as well as the location and structure of one or more human anatomies.

The invention provides a phototoxicity experiment detection device which comprises a lightproof experimental bin body. The lightproof experimental bin body is internally provided with a plurality of uviol lamps with UVA of single wavelength of 365nm as an experimental light source and a plurality of small animals fixing brackets. The front face of the experimental bin body is provided with movable observation windows on which glass capable of filtering ultraviolet waves is arranged. A sterilizer, a ventilation installation and a temperature and humidity controller are arranged in the experimental bin body to enable the environment in the bin body to meet experiment requirement. The experimental bin body is internally provided with an ultraviolet irradiation detector for detecting the intensity of the experiment light source. With the computer control of the experimental process, experimental data can be stored in a computer or experiment reports are printed through a printer. The invention has the advantages that the injury reaction of chemical substances to a human body exposed in ultraviolet irradiation is detected; the light intensity and irradiation time can be controlled, the interference of stray light is less, the experimental efficiency is high, the experimental environment is safe, and the experimental data is accurate.

The invention discloses a biological carbon-plant joint repairing method of chlorobenzene volatile organic compound-contaminated soil, and belongs to the field of contaminated soil repairing. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding biological carbon to chlorobenzene-contaminated soil at the mass ratio of 1%-2%, adjusting the moisture content of the soil to be 28%, and ageing for four weeks; and (2) planting ryegrass into soil to which the biological carbon is added, wherein the density is 1,000-2,000 per square meter; growing for 90 days and cutting off the over-ground part. According to the biological carbon-plant joint repairing method, volatilization of volatile organic compounds from soil to atmosphere can be effectively reduced; the risk that the volatile organic compounds enter a food chain along with food is reduced; the human exposure risk is reduced; pollutants can be thoroughly degraded; and the method is simple and convenient o operate, environment-friendly, safe, high in efficiency, and suitable for repairing of large-area volatile organic compound-contaminated soil.

Operation of Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs) around human population requires the utmost level of safety. Trackpath pre-computed navigation paths and Free flight corridor protection systems reduce the possibility of injuring humans during flight, but at the point of delivery the drone must, by necessity, come down to level of and near humans. This invention teaches the system and method of a personal household mail system that minimizes human exposure to the delivery UAV, provides a method of verifying that the addressee is correct, and optionally secures the mail until it is picked up by the designated recipient.

The invention discloses an analysis method for simultaneously detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and hydroxy metabolite level thereof in hair. The method comprises the following steps: cleaningthe hair by using acetone to obtain exogenous extract liquor, digesting the cleaned hair under the condition of 40-80 DEG C to obtain endogenous extract liquor; concentrating the exogenous extract liquor and the endogenous extract liquor, performing purification by using gel permeation chromatographic column, eluting by using eluant, and collecting leacheate; performing separation and purification after concentrating the leacheate; eluting by using a n-hexane solution containing 2-5% of polar solvent, and collecting the component 1, and then eluting by using the n-hexane solution containing 30-60% of polar solvent, and collecting the component 2, performing nitrogen blowing and metered volume on the eluant, and obtaining the content level of a target object in the hair through data processing and quantitative calculation. Multiple exogenous and endogenous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the hydroxy metabolites thereof in the hair can be detected at the same time, thereby providing an effective method means for the human body exposure health risk evaluation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Provided herein are systems and methods for the facile extraction and purification of oils from plant material, including cannabis and hemp. The systems and methods herein are versatile, and may utilize a wide range of solvents to extract oils from a variety of plant-based material. Further, the provided systems and methods are closed loop, reducing the loss solvent and decreasing the risk of safety concerns such as human exposure to solvent chemicals or explosion of volatiles. In some embodiments, the systems and methods remove impurities from the extracted oils, for example waxes or other precipitates, and provide a higher purity and higher quality extract.

Embodiments of the invention collect solid, vapor, and / or biological components of the air in air-sampling cartridges that are then transported to an off-site location by pneumatic pressure. Operation proceeds by first collecting a sample of air in an air-sampling cartridge in a sampling position, then rotating a wheel assembly to move the now-used sampling cartridge into a transport position while simultaneously moving an unused sampling cartridge into the sampling position, and finally using pneumatic pressure to push the used sampling cartridge in the transport position to an off-site location via a transport tube. The sampling operation can begin again while the transport operation is in still in progress. These operations can be pre-programmed locally or triggered by remote communication. Continued operation is possible due to a plurality of unused air-sampling cartridges retained in the wheel assembly. Since operations can be triggered remotely and air samples are autonomously transported off site, embodiments of this invention eliminate an unnecessary risk to human health that is created by other air-sampling devices, which require an operator to be present at a potentially hazardous sampling site to activate the device or retrieve air samples. Additionally, embodiments of the invention can be installed pre-emptively to eliminate the risk to human health that is created when an operator must deliver a portable air-sampling device to a potentially contaminated sampling site. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention allow rapid retrieval of air samples following sample collection, which can expedite analysis and identification of aerosols and consequently help minimize human exposure to potentially dangerous and life-threatening chemical and biological contaminants.

The invention discloses a method for simulating salt aerosol human body exposures and a special device thereof. A test unit provided by the invention comprises an atomization aerosol generator, a diffusion dryer and an exposure cabin, wherein the salt aerosol generator and the diffusion dryer are arranged at the outer side of the exposure cabin, and the atomization aerosol generator, the diffusion dryer and the exposure cabin are sequentially connected with one another through a port pipeline. The human body exposure method comprises the following steps that: 1) a soluble salt solution is placed in the atomization aerosol generator, the atomization aerosol generator is started, so salt aerosol is generated; 2) the generated salt aerosol is dried via the diffusion dryer, and then reaches the exposure cabin through the port pipeline; and 3) after the salt aerosol in the exposure cabin reaches the concentration which is required by the experiment, people to be tested are placed in the exposure cabin, so the human body salt aerosol control exposure experiment is carried out. The method can effectively carry out the control exposure experiment on human body sulphate, nitrate, ammonium salt and other soluble salts.

The invention discloses an SAR value determination method of magnetic resonance imaging. The method comprises the steps that patients are placed in a scanning table of a magnetic resonance imaging system, the scanning table is moved, so that the patients are moved toward a scanning area, the quality of body parts, located on the scanning area, of the patients, is obtained, and an SAR value of parts of bodies is determined according to the quality of the body parts which are located on the scanning area; the process of obtaining the quality of the body parts which are located on the scanning area comprises the steps that a frequency domain characteristic curve of a body part outline on the selected level position is obtained, the parts to be imaged which is located on the scanning area are identified according to the distribution of a signal area of the characteristic curve, and the position of the parts to be imaged is determined according to the position of the scanning table; according to the weight and the height of the patients, and the position of the parts to be imaged, the quality of body parts which enter the scanning area is obtained. According to the SAR value determination method, a precise human body exposure estimation model can be built, and the scanning speed and the imaging quality are improved. Furthermore, the invention further provides a magnetic resonance imaging device.

The invention discloses a method for simulating dust aerosol personal exposure and a special device for the method. The test device provided by the invention comprises a dust aerosol generator, a static neutralizer, and an exposure chamber, wherein the dust aerosol generator and the static neutralizer are arranged outside the exposure chamber; and the dust aerosol generator, the static neutralizer, and the exposure chamber are connected sequentially through an interface pipeline. The personal exposure method comprises the following steps: placing particles in the dust aerosol generator and starting the dust aerosol generator to generate dust aerosol; neutralizing surplus electric charges in the generated dust aerosol by the static neutralizer, and reaching the exposure chamber through the interface pipeline; and arranging to-be-tested crowd in the exposure chamber after the dust aerosol in the exposure chamber reaches the concentration needed by experiment, for carrying out the personal dust aerosol control exposure experiment. By adopting the method, the personal dust aerosol control exposure experiments can be effectively carried out.

An air decontamination device comprising an air stream generator (20), a non-thermal plasma filter (22), an ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitting device (24), an ozone catalysing device (26), and a hydrocarbon emitter (28). The air stream generator (20) generates and directs an air stream through or across the non-thermal plasma filter (22), the UV radiation emitting device (24), the ozone catalysing device (26), and the hydrocarbon emitter (28). The plasma filter (22) produces free radicals by which contaminants in the air stream are nuetralised. The UV radiation emitting device (24) breaks down ozone in the air stream, catalysed by the ozone catalysing device (26). The hydrocarbon emitter (28) discharges an aromatic hydrocarbon into the air stream to preferentially react with residual ozone so that the air stream becomes suitable for human exposure. A method is also provided.

RT-PCR based systems for detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis / sarcoma viruses in the albumen of fertilized and unfertilized poultry eggs have been developed. Such systems permit the identification of virus-contaminated eggs and of viral presence in sera of birds. These systems aid in the prevention of high loss rates of egg-laying birds in the poultry industry and the reduction in potential human exposure to these oncogenic retroviruses through consumption of contaminated commercial eggs. It is further envisioned that detection methods can be modified to include viral detection of other samples from various avian origins and other animal or human retroviruses.

A process is described for cleansing and deodorizing an environmental space including deodorizing a space with an ozone treatment for a pre-selected time; and thereafter, automatically and without human intervention, exposing the space to a nebulized liquid, having ozone quenching properties and comprising an odor neutralizing or air freshening agent, to reduce ozone levels to a level safe for human exposure and to remove residual odors. An apparatus for carrying out the process and compositions for use in the process are further disclosed.

Embodiments of the invention collect solid, vapor, and / or biological components of the air in air-sampling cartridges that are then transported to an off-site location by pneumatic pressure. Operation proceeds by first collecting a sample of air in an air-sampling cartridge in a sampling position, then advancing a cartridge assembly to move the now-used sampling cartridge into a transport position while simultaneously moving an unused sampling cartridge into the sampling position, and finally using pneumatic pressure to push the used sampling cartridge in the transport position to an off-site location via a transport tube. The sampling operation can begin again while the transport operation is in still in progress. These operations can be pre-programmed locally or triggered by remote communication. Continued operation is possible due to a plurality of unused air-sampling cartridges retained in the cartridge assembly. Since operations can be triggered remotely and air samples are autonomously transported off site, embodiments of this invention eliminate unnecessary risks to human health created by other air-sampling devices, which require an operator to be present at a potentially hazardous sampling site to activate the device or retrieve air samples. Additionally, embodiments of the invention can be installed pre-emptively to eliminate risks to human health created when an operator must deliver a portable air-sampling device to a potentially contaminated sampling site. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention allow rapid retrieval of air samples following sample collection, which can expedite analysis and identification of aerosols and consequently help minimize human exposure to potentially dangerous and life-threatening chemical and biological contaminants.

This invention consists of an apparatus and method of permitting automatic, in-situ cleaning of the process chamber and condensation trap of the vacuum pumping system used for etching Gallium Arsenide and other materials producing toxic and condensable etching by-products. This automated cleaning greatly reduces the danger of human exposure to the toxic materials and by-products of the etching. There are two key features. First, the process chamber and condensation trap are designed so that all components are vacuum-sealed to each other (or may be purged with inert gas) such that during wafer processing gas phase species from the process environment cannot condense in narrow spaces between components in the chamber. The surfaces of all parts that come in contact with, and may react to, enchant byproducts, process gases, or any cleaning liquid, are covered with nickel, or Teflon or other highly chemically inert coating. The second feature is that a liquid cleaning cold wall condensation trap is used to capture etching byproducts. The reactor and trap are cleaned separately or simultaneously by injecting water, with or without, liquid cleaner(s) into the process chamber through a set of injection holes. Said liquid cleaner may contain acidic, caustic or other reagents. The wet cleaning step dissolves or converts to soluble form any arsenic (or other toxic) compounds condensed in the process chamber or trap. In addition the flushing action of the liquids aids in the dislodging and removal of any insoluble or low soluble deposits. Liquid cleaning is typically followed with a heated air or nitrogen flow to evaporate any remaining liquid. Said cleaning process may have multiple steps. In a typical clean sequence the chamber and trap are flushed with water-based cleaning compounds that may be acidic or basic. This may be followed by a water-based rinse to rinse away all condensates or remnant compounds from the etching process. The next step may be a rinse with an alcohol or non-aqueous liquid with higher vapor pressure to scavenge or drive out remaining water. And finally, the system may be purged with a drying gas such as nitrogen to remove remnant traces of liquid. The result of such flushing is the virtually complete removal of traces of arsenic and its compounds from the system so as to greatly improve the safety of any ensuing manual chamber clean or replacement of parts. This cleaning process also maintains a more consistent process environment for process stability and reduces particulate that can affect yield.

The invention discloses a method for synchronously detecting exposure and effect markers of volatile pollutants in urine and application. The method selects OH-PAHs, mVOCs and 8-OHdG which may have correlation in the same urine sample as target detection substances for synchronous extraction, detection and analysis, and the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the sample; enriching and separating the sample; concentrating and detecting the sample: respectively carrying out on-machine detection on OH-PAHs, mVOCs and 8-OHdG by adopting HPLC-MS / MS, correspondingly analyzing to obtain content data of a plurality of target detection substances in the urine, and analyzing the correlation among the OH-PAHs, mVOCs and 8-OHdG. According to the invention, the analysis of the relationship between the target object content data is applied to the evaluation of the human body exposure characteristics of the two types of pollutants. By optimizing the scheme, multiple target detection objects can be synchronously detected and analyzed, the detection steps are simplified, the detection cost is reduced, and the application range of health exposure risk assessment results is expanded.

The invention provides a method for extracting and purifying short-chain chlorinated paraffins in serum. The method includes steps of adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the serum, removing proteins and fat in the serum, further adding n-hexane and / or dichloromethane into the serum, carrying out vortex oscillation and carrying out centrifugation to obtain supernatant extract liquid; carrying out purification elution on the extract liquid by the aid of multilayer silica gel columns; concentrating effluent with the short-chain chlorinated paraffins, and then carrying out nitrogen blowing until the effluent is nearly dry so as to obtain the short-chain chlorinated paraffins in the serum. Fillers in the silica gel columns include anhydrous sodium sulfate, alkaline silica gel, activated silica gel, acidified silica gel and anhydrous sodium sulfate from bottom to top. The method has the advantages that serum samples treated by the aid of the method are analyzed by the aid of gas chromatography-electron capture negative chemical source / low-resolution mass spectrometry; extraction treatment is carried out on the SCCPs (short-chain chlorinated paraffins) in the serum for the first time,and the proteins and the fat are treated by sulfuric acid; the method is easy and convenient to operate and good in repeatability, and pretreatment methods can be provided to research on the SCCPs inthe serum and the human exposure levels.

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for assessing electromagnetic exposure. In one aspect an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes at least a first circuit configured to calculate electromagnetic exposure of at least a portion of at least one human in proximity to a wireless electric vehicle charging system. The portion of the at least one human is modeled by at least one homogeneous phantom model having dielectric properties that are representative of human tissue. The apparatus further includes at least a second circuit configured to scale the calculated electromagnetic exposure to simulate an electromagnetic exposure based on an inhomogeneous anatomical model of the portion of the at least one human.

Embodiments of the invention collect solid, vapor, and / or biological components of the air in air-sampling cartridges that are then transported to an off-site location by pneumatic pressure. Operation proceeds by first collecting a sample of air in an air-sampling cartridge in a sampling position, then advancing a cartridge assembly to move the now-used sampling cartridge into a transport position while simultaneously moving an unused sampling cartridge into the sampling position, and finally using pneumatic pressure to push the used sampling cartridge in the transport position to an off-site location via a transport tube. The sampling operation can begin again while the transport operation is in still in progress. These operations can be pre-programmed locally or triggered by remote communication. Continued operation is possible due to a plurality of unused air-sampling cartridges retained in the cartridge assembly. Since operations can be triggered remotely and air samples are autonomously transported off site, embodiments of this invention eliminate unnecessary risks to human health created by other air-sampling devices, which require an operator to be present at a potentially hazardous sampling site to activate the device or retrieve air samples. Additionally, embodiments of the invention can be installed preemptively to eliminate risks to human health created when an operator must deliver a portable air-sampling device to a potentially contaminated sampling site. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention allow rapid retrieval of air samples following sample collection, which can expedite analysis and identification of aerosols and consequently help minimize human exposure to potentially dangerous and life-threatening chemical and biological contaminants.

The invention discloses a method for measuring pollutant concentration in a human exposed environment, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a material having an adsorption effect isused as a raw material to make a bracelet, and the bracelet is cleaned, dried and sealed after being manufactured; the wristband is distributed to a wearer for wearing, and the wristband is recoveredafter being worn for a certain period of time; impurities on the surface of the recovered wristband are removed and sealed and stored; and finally, relevant pollutants on the wristband are detected. The method for measuring the pollutant concentration in the human exposed environment can easily and effectively evaluate the total exposure of a human body to certain pollutants, reduces blood drawingand urinosocpy which are harmful to the human body, and can better monitor the effects of the air pollutants on the health of the human body.

The invention provides an air quality early warning method for a patient with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The method comprises the following steps that the time, the motion speed of the patient, the accelerated speed and the distance change information of the patient are acquired, and a motion state of the patient is judged, so as to obtain the energy consumption N of a human body under the specific activity intensity level; 2) the age, sex and height characteristic parameters of the patient are acquired, and the energy E consumed in unit time is calculated by the following formula; 3) the concentration C of pollutants in air of an activity space of the patient is measured, and the daily average exposure dose ADD of the pollutants is calculated by the following formula; and 4)the health risk R of the human body exposed to a certain pollutant is calculated according to the daily average exposure dose ADD of the pollutants, the calculated health risk R of the human body exposed to the certain pollutant is compared with a risk threshold value, and if the health risk R is larger than the threshold value, an alarm is triggered to ensure the patient with the COPD to avoid the disease risk.

A process is described for cleansing and deodorizing an environmental space including deodorizing a space with an ozone treatment for a pre-selected time; and thereafter, automatically and without human intervention, exposing the space to a nebulized liquid, having ozone quenching properties and comprising an odor neutralizing or air freshening agent, to reduce ozone levels to a level safe for human exposure and to remove residual odors. An apparatus for carrying out the process and compositions for use in the process are further disclosed.