The application discloses a kind of planetary soil volatile component in-situ detection device and method, belong to
deep space exploration field.The device includes: detection component and protection component, detection component includes detection heating piece and detection collection box;The detection heating piece is
laser, the protection component includes air inlet cover, the detection collection box is the box of one end opening, the air inlet cover is fixedly connected with the opening end of the detection collection box, first air inlet is equipped in the bottom of the air inlet cover, window is arranged on the end wall surface of the detection collection box, the window, first air inlet is located on the light path of the
laser beam of the
laser of the detection heating piece emission;In the detection collection box, the periphery wall of the window is equipped with several component detection light path components.The application is realized to planetary soil volatile component in-situ heating and volatile component in-situ collection by the cooperation setting of detection heating piece, the window of detection collection box and the first air inlet of protection component.