99 results about "Capillary action" patented technology

The application belongs to the field of scintillator material preparation, and particularly relates to a manganese-based pixelated scintillator array and a preparation method and application thereof. The (BuTPP)2MnBr4 scintillator material in a molten state is filled into a quartz glass cavity by capillary action, and a glass scintillator matrix is formed by cooling and quenching; then, in-situ crystallization is realized in the glass scintillator by using femtosecond laser direct writing processing, and a pixelated array is precisely constructed. The in-situ crystallization induced by the femtosecond laser significantly improves the photoluminescence intensity and the radiation luminescence intensity of the material, effectively solves the problems of low luminescence efficiency, high pixelation processing difficulty and poor crystallization controllability of the traditional glass scintillator, and the prepared pixelated scintillator array has stable optical performance and clear pixel boundary, is suitable for X-ray imaging, radiation detection and the like, and has simple preparation process and strong controllability of parameters, thereby providing a new implementation method for the preparation of arrayed X-ray scintillators.

The utility model relates to liquid viscosity detection technical field especially relates to a kinematic viscosity testing device, including sample cell subassembly and detection subassembly. Sample cell subassembly includes two detection inner boards, two detection inner boards articulate to have open state and closed state, under the closed state, two detection inner boards surround and form the capillary space along the vertical direction extension, and the liquid is in the capillary space and is in accord with capillary phenomenon when going down. Detection subassembly has the accommodation groove, and sample cell subassembly can insert or separate from the accommodation groove, and detection subassembly can detect the time difference of the liquid in the capillary space of sample cell subassembly in the accommodation groove when passing through different positions, and because the liquid is in accord with capillary phenomenon when going down, the distance between different positions and the time difference of the liquid passing through different positions can be measured to calculate the kinematic viscosity of the liquid. The kinematic viscosity testing device is simple to operate and can be carried. It is easy to clean after detection, and multiple detections can also ensure high operation efficiency.

This utility model discloses a lubrication structure for a punch press slide guide, relating to the field of punch presses. The key technical points are: it includes a machine body, within which a slide block and two guide rails are installed. Oil injection holes are opened on opposite sides of the two guide rails. Oil guide grooves and transverse grooves are also opened on the inner walls of the guide rails. A return oil groove is also opened between adjacent oil guide grooves. Oil guide ropes are installed in both the return oil groove and the transverse groove. After lubricating oil is injected into the oil injection hole, it flows downwards along the oil guide groove. When the lubricating oil reaches the transverse groove, it is absorbed by the oil guide rope within the transverse groove, preventing it from flowing beyond the transverse groove to the next oil injection hole. Furthermore, under the capillary action of the fibers, the lubricating oil in the guide rope flows along the return oil groove. This design ensures that the lubricating oil injected into each oil injection hole does not easily flow to other oil injection hole areas, guaranteeing uniform lubrication.

The invention relates to reverse UV paper and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pulping, preparing pulp, dehydrating and forming a net part, squeezing by a squeezing part, drying by a front drying part, sizing, drying by a rear drying part, calendering by a calender, coiling, packaging and warehousing. Wherein in the sizing step, gelatinized starch with the solid content of 10-12% is adopted as a sizing material, the viscosity of the sizing material is 10-20 cps, the sizing temperature is 70-78 DEG C, and the sizing amount is 3.5 g / m < 2 >-4.5 g / m < 2 >. Different from the prior art, according to the technical scheme, in the sizing step, a large amount of sizing agent adheres to the paper surface by increasing the sizing temperature and reducing the viscosity and the solid content, so that the capillary action of the paper surface is reduced, short-chain starch in the sizing agent is linked with fibers, the fibers are endowed with hydrophobic groups, the hydrophobicity of the paper surface is increased, and the paper surface hydrophobicity is improved. And the UV ink forms a floating layer on the paper surface and is rapidly cured, so that the effect of embossment three-dimensional texture is achieved.

The invention relates to a pressure-sensitive electrode, a pressure-sensitive resistor assembly and a surge protection device, and belongs to the technical field of pressure-sensitive resistors. The surge protection device comprises a piezoresistor assembly, the piezoresistor assembly comprises a voltage-sensitive electrode, the voltage-sensitive electrode comprises an electrode body and a welding boss, the welding boss is arranged on the connecting side of the electrode body, the connecting side of the electrode body is provided with a first blocking groove, and the first blocking groove blocks the periphery of the welding boss in partial or all directions. According to the pressure-sensitive electrode, the pressure-sensitive resistor assembly and the surge protection device provided by the invention, the connecting side of the electrode body is attached to the gasket, the invasion interval is formed between the connecting side of the electrode body and the gasket, and in the invasion interval, the direction from the welding boss to the edge of the electrode body is the invasion direction; the first blocking groove can block a capillary phenomenon water absorption path of liquid water in the invasion direction. Through the arrangement, moisture can be effectively prevented from flowing to the edge of the ceramic of the piezoresistor along the surface of the electrode body, and the piezoresistor is prevented from being affected with damp and being short-circuited and invalid.

The utility model relates to the technical field of forest grass cultivation devices, in particular to a forest grass cultivation water storage device with a soil filtering function, which comprises a water storage component, the water storage component comprises a plurality of water storage plates, the water storage plates are used for storing water, supporting components are arranged in the water storage plates, filtering components are arranged on the top surfaces of the supporting components, and planting layers are arranged on the top surfaces of the filtering components. According to the utility model, the supporting assembly is used for supporting the filtering assembly, and meanwhile, a multi-layer filtering structure is arranged above the filtering cloth, so that the filtering cloth is prevented from being damaged due to the influence of weight or plant root systems while silt is filtered; the supporting assembly can increase the height of the filtering assembly, so that the water storage capacity of the water storage disc is increased; by arranging the drainage strips and utilizing the capillary action, water is supplemented to the planting layer from the lower portion, surface evaporation is reduced, and the water utilization rate is increased; the water storage disc and the supporting frame are designed in a splicing mode, and the coverage area can be flexibly adjusted according to needs.

This invention provides a method and related equipment for testing the wetting strength of tin-plated board surfaces. The method includes: acquiring a tin-plated board to be tested; drawing lines on the tin-plated board using a dyne pen to obtain the drawn lines; determining the changes in the drawn lines; for cases where capillary action occurs in the drawn lines, drawing lines again on the tin-plated board using a higher-grade dyne pen to obtain new drawn lines, until the new drawn lines show no change; and determining the grade of the dyne pen corresponding to the new drawn lines as the wetting strength of the tin-plated board surface. Thus, a quantifiable wettability index is provided. By testing the surface of the tin-plated board with a dyne pen, considering the surface morphology of the substrate, the relationship between the passivation film and the coating, and observing the pen marks, an evaluable method for testing the wetting strength of tin-plated board surfaces is established.

This article is composed of a fiber aggregate or a porous resin body and applies liquid by utilizing capillary action. This article can be attached to the tip of a cosmetic container containing cosmetics and used as a cosmetic applicator for applying cosmetics to the lips, around the eyes, or other areas of the face, such as a lipstick, lip liner, eyebrow pencil, or eyeliner. This article can also be used as a cosmetic applicator attached to the tip of the handle held by the user, impregnated with separately prepared cosmetics and applied to the face. This article can also be used not only as a cosmetic applicator, but also as an applicator for writing or art supplies.

This invention discloses a method for controllable preparation of nanoparticles using a multi-channel microreactor. The method utilizes a microchannel reactor to segment droplets and prepare quantitatively synthesized nanoparticles with controllable particle size. The invention employs capillary action to draw the reaction solution into the microchannel, segmenting one or more droplets (each droplet into 10-100 portions). By changing the width of the microchannel, controllable preparation of nanoparticles within a small range (±3 nm) can be achieved; by changing the length of the microchannel, controllable preparation of nanoparticles within a large range (±10-30 nm) can be achieved. Furthermore, the reactor structure of this invention is simple, enabling highly precise and quantitative synthesis of various nanoparticles. Compared to large-scale reactors, the miniaturization of the synthesis reaction in this invention effectively reduces energy waste and safety hazards, making it highly valuable for applications in safe chemical engineering, green chemical engineering, high-efficiency chemical engineering, microchemical engineering, and precise reaction monitoring.

The invention provides a packaging device and a packaging method, the packaging device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a bonding structure and a pixel structure, the first substrate is provided with a first bonding area, and the first bonding area is provided with micron-scale or nano-scale grooves or protrusions arranged in an array; a second bonding area corresponding to the first bonding area is arranged on the second substrate; the bonding structure is located in the first bonding area and the second bonding area and at least partially covers the micron-scale or nano-scale grooves or protrusions, and the pixel structure is located on the first substrate or the second substrate; the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together through a bonding structure, and the pixel structure is packaged on the inner side of the first bonding area and the inner side of the second bonding area. By utilizing the capillary adsorption effect of the gaps between the micron-scale or nano-scale grooves or the micron-scale or nano-scale bulges, part of redundant solder is adsorbed, the overflow of the solder is remarkably inhibited, and the packaging yield is improved.

Proposed is a microplastic detection sensor for detecting information about microplastic contained in a sample. The sensor may include a fluidic channel substrate including an inlet and an outlet, and a plurality of RF resonance structures. The inlet may be formed on one end of the fluidic channel substrate, and the outlet may be formed on the other end. The fluidic channel substrate may have a microfluidic channel formed therein to connect the inlet and the outlet. The microfluidic channel may move the sample toward the outlet by capillary action. In the fluidic channel substrate, a plurality of capture parts, respectively corresponding to the RF resonance structures, may be formed along the microfluidic channel and may selectively capture the microplastic by particle size. The RF resonance structures may output information about the microplastic captured in the corresponding capture part through RF resonance for the applied RF signal.

The present application relates to the field of composite ceramics, and aims to provide a new B4C-cBN composite ceramic with good mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: S100, mixing boron carbide 5-9 parts, cubic boron nitride 1-5 parts and sintering additives to obtain a mixture; S200, obtaining the B4C-cBN composite ceramic through a sintering process; the sintering temperature is 1400-1550 DEG C; the sintering pressure is 4.9-5.5 GPa; and the sintering time is 1-3 h. The reason why aluminum and cobalt are selected as sintering additives is that the melting point of aluminum is low, and a liquid phase formed in the sintering process can effectively fill the pores through capillary action, thereby promoting the sintering process. Aluminum reacts with cubic boron nitride to form aluminum nitride, which can inhibit the conversion of cubic boron nitride into hexagonal boron nitride. Cobalt has oxygen affinity and can play a purifying role of "deoxidation and degassing", thereby reducing pores, improving density and improving the sintering performance of the composite ceramic. The optimal raw material ratio and sintering parameters are determined, so that the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the composite ceramic are both excellent.

The utility model discloses an integral type electric core shell film -coated waterproof device, electric core and battery module, including the film -coated that covers electric core shell outside, and the film -coated includes the waterproof sealing layer, heat shrinkage film and wear -resistant coating that set gradually along the electric core thickness direction, and the waterproof sealing layer contacts electric core shell, the utility model discloses an integral type film -coated is carried out to electric core shell through adopting heat shrinkage material, has the following advantages: completely eliminate capillary phenomenon: adopt integral type film -coated no seam and pore, can effectively prevent moisture and penetrate electric core shell through capillary phenomenon, simple process: heat shrinkage material film can through heating fast contraction and stick electric core shell, and process simple and good consistency is suitable for large -scale production, multifunctionality: can add waterproof sealant and wear -resistant coating optionally, further promote the security and durability of battery.

The invention discloses a preparation process of a hydrophilic graphite material, which comprises the following steps of: without changing a graphite production process flow, diffusing lipophilic titanium dioxide into asphalt serving as a binder or a filler, dipping into a semi-finished product of the production process, and graphitizing at a high temperature, so that titanium dioxide particles are distributed and embedded in micropores of graphite to form a stable hydrophilic channel; the capillary action is realized, so that the hydrophilic property is realized. The modified graphite material can be applied to fuel cells in the electrochemical field, hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, chemical cells and filtration, purification, catalysis and the like in the chemical field, and has the advantages that the material properties and the production process of the graphite raw material, titanium dioxide and asphalt are fully utilized, the structural strength and the material characteristics of graphite are not influenced, the process is easy to implement, and the cost is low. Compared with other surface hydrophilic treatment methods, the modified graphite has the advantages of stable effect, low treatment cost, long service life and the like, the modified graphite forms a water-permeable and gas-barrier functional material, and the application range of the modified graphite is widened.

This invention belongs to the field of electrochemical deoxygenation technology, specifically relating to an electrochemical oxygen atmosphere control system and method. The system, from bottom to top, includes a porous bottom cover, a first hydrophobic and breathable membrane, an oxygen-consuming cathode, a liquid-conducting diaphragm, an oxygen-evolving anode, a second hydrophobic and breathable membrane, and a porous top cover. Each component layer forms a zero-gap contact through the clamping force of the outer shell, enabling the device to achieve an ultra-thin thickness. The liquid-conducting diaphragm has a transverse liquid-conducting groove extending to the external electrolyte chamber, utilizing capillary action to achieve rapid electrolyte replenishment and eliminate local hot spots. Through the coupling design between the hydrophobic and breathable membrane and the electrode interface, oxygen generated by the oxygen-evolving anode directly penetrates and overflows in the form of gas molecules, effectively suppressing bubble formation and accumulation in traditional electrolysis processes, and significantly reducing the ohmic resistance of the interface and operating energy consumption. This invention features an extremely thin structure, high reaction efficiency, and no bubble interference, making it suitable for precise oxygen concentration control in spaces such as refrigerators and precision storage environments.

This invention provides an ordered ladder-porous carbon electrode and its preparation method. The electrode preparation method includes: (1) synthesis of a carbonization precursor solution; (2) spin-coating a single layer of polystyrene microspheres onto a silica substrate; (3) filling the gaps between the microspheres with the precursor solution using sputtering or immersion methods; (4) carbonizing the template and precursor combination in a muffle furnace at high temperature and removing the template; (5) repeating steps (2)-(4) layer by layer using microspheres of different sizes to create pores, thereby obtaining an ordered ladder-porous microporous layer (MPL); (6) transferring the prepared ordered ladder-porous microporous layer from the silica substrate to a gas diffusion layer (GDL) and hot-pressing it with other components into a single cell. This invention forms ordered ladder-porous macropores and randomly distributed micropores inside the electrode, and gas-liquid separation channels are formed inside the electrode under capillary action, effectively improving the material transport efficiency inside the electrode. Meanwhile, the present invention can also regulate the balance of liquid water inside the electrode through ordered stepped macropores, which can retain liquid water under low pressure conditions to meet the hydration function of the proton exchange membrane and effectively remove excess liquid water under high pressure conditions to prevent water flooding inside the battery, thus effectively improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.

The utility model relates to a rust-proof gear with an oil outlet device, which comprises two half gear modules, two oil storage modules, an oil absorption lubricating component and a fastener, and the two half gear modules are symmetrically connected and fixed into a complete gear through the fastener. The two oil storage modules are symmetrically arranged in an inner cavity between the two half gear modules, an inner cavity for containing lubricating oil is formed between the two oil storage modules, and the oil absorption lubricating assembly is arranged in the inner cavity between the two oil storage modules. The oil absorption lubricating assembly is provided with a plurality of branches which penetrate out of the two oil storage modules, extend to the tooth bottom of the gear and guide out lubricating oil through the capillary action. Through cooperative arrangement of the half gear module, the oil storage module and the oil absorption lubricating assembly, an oil storage cavity can be formed in the gear to be used for containing lubricating oil, and the lubricating oil can be continuously and stably guided out to the tooth bottom of the gear to be lubricated through the capillary action by immersing the oil absorption lubricating assembly into the lubricating oil.

An anti-siphon and anti-capillary immersion liquid-cooled network cable and a preparation process therefor. The anti-siphon and anti-capillary immersion liquid-cooled network cable comprises a cable main body. Sealed waterproof assemblies are positioned at both ends of the cable main body. Cable connectors are positioned on the outer sides of the sealed waterproof assemblies. A sealing ring body and a sealing disc are positioned between each sealed waterproof assembly and the corresponding cable connector. A spiral connector is integrally formed on the outer wall of each cable connector. A sealed connection port is formed inside each cable connector, and a sealing ring is positioned at an end portion of each cable connector. Anti-capillary assemblies are positioned at both ends of the cable main body and located inside the sealed waterproof assemblies. By means of the optimization of the design of the immersion liquid-cooled network cable, the anti-siphon-phenomenon performance and the anti-capillary-phenomenon performance of the network cable are improved.

The invention relates to a control valve which comprises a shell, a lining and a connecting base, at least part of the connecting base is located in a cavity of the shell, the shell comprises a side hole, the lining comprises a first connecting part, and the first connecting part is arranged around the side hole; the control valve further comprises a welding flux melting area, the welding flux melting area comprises a first melting area and a second melting area, the shell further comprises a notch, in the radial direction of the shell, an opening in one side of the notch faces the second melting area, and an opening in the other side of the notch faces the first melting area. According to the control valve, the notch is formed in the shell of the control valve, the opening in one side of the notch is located in the second melting area, and the opening in the other side of the notch is located in the first melting area, so that obstruction among a plurality of welding seams is broken through, welding flux can flow towards the lining through the notch under the capillary action and the gravity action, and the welding efficiency of the shell and the lining is effectively improved; in addition, the invention further provides a manufacturing method of the control valve.

The application discloses a preparation method of nano-graphene lubricating oil and relates to the technical field of lubricating oil. The modified zirconium-titanium composite particles are used as a catalyst to synthesize base oil, so that the heat resistance effect is improved; then, under the assistance of microwaves, graphene is stripped to improve the dispersibility of the graphene in the lubricating oil, and a hydrogen bond network is formed on the surface of the modified zirconium-titanium particles, so that the fatigue wear is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; on the basis, electrochemical deposition is generated between the particles and the graphene in the friction process, so that the self-repairing effect is achieved. The modified zirconium-titanium composite particles are first injected into pre-cooled liquid nitrogen copper molds by precursor sol, are rapidly frozen, are dried by vacuum sublimation to remove ice crystals, and form snowflake-like hierarchical porous structures, so that the lubricating effect is improved; then, low-temperature annealing is performed to form Zr-O-Ti mixed oxide skeletons, so that the pore collapse is effectively inhibited, and the service life is prolonged; and then, through the surface hydroxyl groups and capillary action, ionic liquids are adsorbed to form a coating layer, so that the lubricating effect is enhanced.

The invention belongs to the field of inorganic filler preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of full-hollow silicon carbide microbeads, which comprises the following steps: sol preparation: mixing and stirring 20-40% by mass of nano carbon black, 1-5% by mass of a modifier and 30-90% by mass of silica sol to obtain sol; the sol obtained in the step S1 is dried in a spray dryer, the specific surface area and surface functional groups of the nano carbon black are optimized, and a carbon enrichment layer formed by phenolic resin coating carbonization is combined, so that the contact area and reaction active sites of the carbon black and silicon are greatly increased; meanwhile, the proportion of the high-purity spherical silicon powder and the carbonized microbeads and the addition of the dispersing agent avoid the agglomeration of the silicon powder, so that the liquid-phase silicon is rapidly impregnated and reacts with carbon under the capillary action during sintering. The silicon-carbon reaction rate is increased, and the high-temperature sintering energy consumption of a unit product is reduced.

This invention provides a method for steel / aluminum butt brazing joints based on grid control, belonging to the field of dissimilar material welding. The method includes: spot welding a steel grid to the back of the area to be welded on a steel plate; applying flux and then clamping the aluminum alloy plate butt-welded to the steel plate; performing brazing using a laser-MIG composite heat source; feeding welding wire into the molten pool and adding an additional cold wire. During welding, the back grid partially dissolves to provide Fe element and utilizes capillary action to promote the spread of molten aluminum to the back side. The cold wire absorbs heat to compensate for the metal on the front side. Together, these two elements create a uniform intermetallic compound layer on the front, sides, and back of the joint, achieving a large back weld width and a full front weld height. Using this method, the joint's positive and negative bending angles both reach 180° without failure, significantly improving the bending performance of the steel / aluminum butt brazing joint.

This utility model discloses a maintenance-free, leak-proof bearing for humanoid and industrial robots. This bearing innovatively uses a microporous plastic oil as the lubricating medium, achieving dynamic release and recovery of the lubricating oil through microporous capillary action. During operation, a lubricating film is formed, and when stationary, the oil is returned to its storage compartment, effectively solving the problems of leakage, pollution, and frequent maintenance associated with traditional liquid lubricants. This technology possesses self-lubricating and zero-pollution characteristics, significantly reducing maintenance costs and extending bearing life, while improving the operational reliability and environmental adaptability of robot systems.

The application provides a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing silk fibroin and carbon nanotubes with a solvent to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution, adding a ferrous source and a phosphoric acid source to perform one-step reaction to obtain a precursor suspension; (2) mixing the precursor suspension with a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution to perform two-step reaction to obtain spherical ferrous phosphate; (3) mixing the spherical ferrous phosphate with lithium phosphate, and performing sintering treatment to obtain the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material. The lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material has carbon nanotubes and a carbon network structure, the network structure can not only improve the conductivity of the material, but also can utilize the capillary action of the carbon nanotubes to make the electrolyte infiltrate into the lithium iron phosphate spherical body, increase the infiltration of the electrolyte, and then shorten the transmission path of lithium ions, and improve the rate performance.

This article is composed of a fiber aggregate or a porous resin body, and applies liquid by utilizing capillary action. This article can be attached to the tip of a cosmetic container that contains cosmetics and used as a cosmetic applicator for eyeliner, eyebrow liner, lip liner, or lipstick to apply cosmetics to the face, such as around the eyes and lips. This article can also be used as a cosmetic applicator that is attached to the tip of the handle that the user holds and that impregnates a separately prepared cosmetic and applies it to the face. This article can also be used not only as a cosmetic applicator, but also as an applicator for writing or art supplies.

The invention provides a confluence connection structure manufacturing method and a back contact photovoltaic module. The manufacturing method of the bus bar connecting structure comprises the following steps that solder paste is applied to a to-be-welded position on a bus bar body, and the solder paste is dried so that the solder paste can be fixed to the bus bar body and a prefabricated bus bar can be formed; placing an insulating film tape on the back surface of the battery piece, wherein each hole in the insulating film tape corresponds to each welding strip to be welded on the battery piece; the prefabricated bus bar is placed on the insulating film tape, and all solder pastes in the prefabricated bus bar correspondingly penetrate through all the open holes and are in corresponding contact with all the to-be-welded solder strips; and welding the prefabricated bus bar with each welding strip to be welded to form the bus connection structure in the back contact photovoltaic module. According to the invention, the capillary phenomenon of the solder paste is utilized, so that the solder paste is adsorbed on the bus bar body, the solder paste is prevented from slipping off to cause the contact between the solder strip and the grid line on the battery piece to cause short circuit, and the welding quality and the process yield of the bus connection structure are improved.

The invention discloses a double-sided tin soldering device and method based on shaking. The double-sided tin soldering device comprises a workbench, a support fixed to the workbench, a lifter capable of sliding along the support, a lifting shaft connected with the output end of the lifter, a controller used for controlling the lifting shaft to move, a clamp arranged on the workbench and a circuit board in the clamp. The operation part I is mounted at the lower end of the lifting shaft; and the second operation part is located on the outer side of the first operation part, the second operation part and the first operation part are arranged in a sliding mode, an electric soldering iron used for tin soldering and an automatic tin feeding end are arranged on the second operation part, and soldering tin is contained in the automatic tin feeding end. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages that the electric soldering iron is controlled to shake in the vertical direction through the controller, so that molten soldering tin permeates into the through opening of the circuit board under the pressure and capillary action, the two ends of the through opening in the circuit board are filled with the soldering tin, double-face soldering is completed, and the mechanical firmness and the current flowing capacity of the circuit board are enhanced; and the problem that welding spots are not firm due to traditional single-side tin soldering is also avoided.

The application provides a tannin acid iron-polyester fiber solar evaporation material and a preparation method and application thereof, and a solar evaporator. The preparation method of the tannin acid iron-polyester fiber solar evaporation material uses a polyester fiber cluster body, tannin acid and a ferric salt as raw materials to prepare the solar evaporation material, loads tannin acid iron on the surface of the polyester fiber cluster body through a simple solution immersion method, improves the light absorption performance of the material and improves the light-heat conversion capacity of the material, obtains a three-dimensional high-efficiency high-salt water-resistant solar evaporation material, and has the following advantages: the polyester fiber cluster body has multiple vertical water guide channels formed by polyester fibers arranged in parallel in the inside, can rapidly transport water from the bottom to the evaporation surface and the top through capillary action, can effectively prevent salt from depositing on the surface and in the inside, and thus realizes high salt resistance; and the high salt resistance of the three-dimensional solar evaporator makes salt crystallize at the bottom by evaporating water in a distillation tank, so that solid salt is obtained, and zero liquid discharge is realized.

The application provides a preparation method of a cathode catalytic layer, the cathode catalytic layer and a membrane electrode, and relates to the technical field of catalyst coating films. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pouring a catalytic layer slurry on a substrate, performing one-time coating by using a wire bar to form a wet-state catalytic layer; before the wet-state catalytic layer is solidified, performing secondary coating on the surface of the wet-state catalytic layer by using the wire bar, and obtaining the cathode catalytic layer after drying and solidification. The application adopts secondary wire bar coating technology to form uniform and shallow microcracks in situ on the surface of the cathode catalytic layer, the microcracks serve as micron-level water storage structures, can effectively collect water generated in a cathode electrochemical reaction, and can reversely wet a proton exchange membrane through capillary action, so that a stable and efficient self-humidification channel is constructed, and the water content in the membrane and high proton conductivity are maintained.

A photovoltaics (PV) panel includes a PV module (102, 202) with a front face (102a, 202a) for exposure to sunlight and absorbing solar energy for conversion to electric energy and a back face opposite to the front face, and an evaporator (104, 204, 312) engaged with the back face of the PV module, an upper end (106, 206) of the evaporator being in close proximity to or in contact with a water source for absorbing the water by capillary action, the evaporator being of a structure allowing the water to move through, and the PV module being in a heat-transferrable relationship with the water moving through the evaporator.