8671 results about "Evaporator" patented technology

The invention relates to an ice crystal evaporator and an ice crystal water cooling device producing from the same, belonging to the technical field of refrigeration. The ice crystal evaporator is characterized in that a liquid inlet channel is formed by an evaporator tube, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in a tubular casing; and the outer channel of the evaporator tube of the tubular casing is divided into more than one S-shaped channel forming a water return channel through a water inlet of a water divider and a water outlet of a water collector. The ice crystal water cooling device is characterized in that the return air inlet of the ice crystal evaporator is communicated with a compressor, a condenser, a liquid feeding valve, a dry filter, a liquid feeding electromagnetic valve anda thermostatic expansion valve in sequence, and then is communicated with the liquid inlet of the ice crystal evaporator; a cooling water inlet / outlet of the condenser is connected with a cooling tower in series; and a water inlet / outlet of the ice crystal evaporator is communicated with a water circulating pump and an ice crystal energy storage tank in series. The invention has the advantages ofhigh cooling efficiency, no icing and low cooling temperature and is suitable for production of energy storage central air-conditioning, marine fishing, seafood processing, fruit, vegetable or meat processing, and the like; the cooled medium is municipal water.

An evaporator air cooler having vertically stackable major components. A water reservoir is located within the bottom panel of the housing. A filtered media is positioned generally above the water reservoir. A fan is positioned above the water reservoir and the filter media. In this manner, the footprint of the unit is minimized. The warm air intake and the cool air discharge are located on the same side of the housing so that the unit may be placed against a wall thereby further minimizing the footprint. Automated controls are included to monitor temperature and humidity than oscillate the vertical louvers.

A turbine engine assembly generates an exhaust gas flow that is communicated through a core flow path. The exhaust gas flow is split into a first exhaust gas flow and a second exhaust gas flow. Water is extracted in a condenser from the second exhaust gas flow. The extracted water is transformed into a steam flow in an evaporator system utilizing thermal energy from at least the second exhaust gas flow. An exit flow from the condenser is communicated through an exhaust compressor and compressed to a higher pressure exit flow.

A cooling system including an evaporator, a passive condenser, a heat exchanger, and a pump. The passive condenser is arranged in parallel with the heat exchanger relative to the fluid flow of a primary cooling medium. When a secondary cooling medium is provided to the heat exchanger, at least some of a primary cooling medium in the gas phase switches from being received by the passive condenser to the heat exchanger without operating any valves and supplies the primary cooling medium in the liquid phase to the evaporator. When the secondary cooling medium is not provided to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger does not supply the primary cooling medium in the liquid phase to the evaporator. The pump is located in a liquid line fluidly connecting the evaporator to the passive condenser and the heat exchanger and pumps the primary cooling medium in the liquid phase to the evaporator.

According to the direct-expansion cryogenic pre-dehumidification and heat pump regeneration combined low-dew-point double-rotating-wheel dehumidification system, the control method and the terminal, accurate regulation and control of all devices in the rotating-wheel dehumidification system are achieved according to data collected by the sensor module in real time, and therefore the stability of the air supply dew-point temperature is ensured. By adopting the direct expansion cryogenic technology, the dehumidification burden of the rotating wheel is effectively relieved, and the regeneration temperature is reduced, so that the energy consumption in the regeneration process is remarkably reduced. The regeneration heat pump condenser is installed at the inlet of the rotating wheel, part of regeneration heat can be borne, and regeneration energy consumption is further reduced. A regeneration heat pump evaporator is further installed at an exhaust outlet of the rotating wheel, heat in regeneration exhaust can be recycled, and the purpose of saving energy is achieved. According to the rotating wheel dehumidification system, dual optimization of dehumidification performance and energy consumption performance is achieved, the dehumidification efficiency is remarkably improved, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.

The invention relates to a complex solution evaporator which is composed of a shell, a heat exchange assembly, a transmission assembly, a bearing sealing assembly, a frame supporting assembly, an auxiliary discharging assembly, a defoaming assembly, a pipeline assembly and a control assembly. The shell comprises a shell body, a left side end plate and a right side end plate, and the heat exchange assembly is installed in the middle area in the height direction of the shell body and composed of a plurality of heat exchange plate sets arranged side by side. And the upper area of the shell is a gas-liquid separation area and is provided with a defoaming assembly. The lower area of the shell is a salt settling area, and an auxiliary discharging assembly is installed. A secondary steam outlet and a feed port are formed in the top of the shell, and a condensate outlet and a discharge port are formed in the bottom of the shell. A stirring shaft of the transmission assembly transversely penetrates through the middle of the heat exchange plate set, and a plurality of scrapers are fixed to the stirring shaft. The pipeline assembly comprises a steam inlet pipe set and a condensate pipe set. The steam inlet pipe set is connected with a plate set medium connector above the heat exchange plate set, and the condensate pipe set is connected with a plate set medium connector below the heat exchange plate set.

A dehumidifier is provided that may include a base with an external air intake on one side thereof; a case disposed on an upper surface of the base and having a suction grille formed on a rear surface thereof; a top cover disposed on an upper surface of the case and having a discharge port; a discharge cover that opens and closes the discharge port; a drain pan including a first portion that extends laterally to divide an internal space of the case into an upper space and a lower space, and a second portion that extends from a lower surface of the first portion and disposed on the base; a water tank disposed on the upper surface of the base and that stores condensed water generated during a dehumidification process; a compressor disposed on the upper surface of the base spaced apart from the water tank; a fan module disposed on the first portion and having an outlet that communicates with the discharge port of the top cover; a condenser mounted on the first portion at an intake side of the fan module; an evaporator mounted on the first portion behind the condenser; and a control box coupled to the second portion and disposed directly above the external air intake. The fan module may include a fan housing disposed on the first portion, and a fan accommodated in the fan housing. A dripping hole may be formed in the fan housing.

An embodiment thermal management system for a vehicle includes a compressor on a first refrigerant line that compresses a refrigerant circulated therein, an external condenser on the first refrigerant line downstream of the compressor that releases heat of the refrigerant, a front evaporator on the first refrigerant line downstream of the external condenser that evaporates the refrigerant, a second refrigerant line connected to the first refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced thereinto and then to be discharged upstream of the compressor, a rear evaporator on the second refrigerant line that selectively releases heat of the refrigerant, a first flow control valve on the first refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced into the rear evaporator or the external condenser, and a second flow control valve on the second refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced into the compressor or the external condenser.

The invention discloses a wall scraping type film evaporator, which relates to the technical field of evaporators, and comprises a barrel body, a heating barrel cover arranged on the outer wall of the barrel body, a top cover arranged at the top end of the barrel body and a bottom cover arranged at the bottom end of the barrel body, the liquid distribution disc is arranged in the top cover, is used for detecting the sticky state of the waste liquid according to the weight and is self-adaptively lifted; the first scraping plate and the second scraping plate are arranged on the inner wall of the barrel body and are used for identifying the sticky state of the waste liquid and adaptively switching the two states of efficient scraping wall evaporation and accelerated discharging, and the switching mechanism is used for controlling the switching of the first scraping plate and the second scraping plate according to the lifting of the liquid distribution disc. Lifting is carried out through the weight borne by the upper surface of the liquid distribution disc, the switching mechanism controls the first scraping plate and the second scraping plate to be switched for use, and therefore the first scraping plate or the second scraping plate is switched for film scraping evaporation in a self-adaptive mode according to the content of sticky matter in waste liquid, and the film scraping effect of the waste liquid and the discharging efficiency of the sticky matter are improved.

An aircraft propulsion system includes a series of condensers where water is condensed from the exhaust gas flow. Each of the series of condensers define a passage for exhaust gas flow such that water recovered from the exhaust gas flow drains at a downward angle in a direction of gravity through each of the series of condensers. A series of water separators separate the exhaust gas flow from water condensed in a corresponding one of the series of condensers and the water is transformed into a steam flow in an evaporator system for communication to the combustor.

The utility model relates to the technical field of heat pump rectification, and particularly discloses a heat pump rectification system which comprises a rectification tower; the tower top gas liquefaction system comprises a compressor connected with a gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower, and a reboiler, a throttling device, a condenser and a flow divider which are sequentially connected with the compressor; liquid phase connection at the bottom of the rectifying tower is communicated with the reboiler, the tower bottom reboiling system comprises an auxiliary reboiler and a flash evaporator which are sequentially communicated with the reboiler, and the flash evaporator is communicated to the rectifying tower; and the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower is heated by the compressor and then enters the reboiler to exchange heat with the liquid phase at the bottom of the rectifying tower, so that the rectifying energy consumption can be reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a waste heat source transcritical CO2 heat pump system and an optimization method thereof. The waste heat source transcritical CO2 heat pump system comprises a refrigerant connecting pipeline, a gas cooler water side connecting pipeline, an evaporator water side connecting pipeline and a PID control module connected with the refrigerant connecting pipeline, the gas cooler water side connecting pipeline and the evaporator water side connecting pipeline. The compressor is connected with a first gas cooler, the first gas cooler is connected with an intermediate heat regenerator, the intermediate heat regenerator is connected with a second gas cooler, the second gas cooler is connected with an electronic expansion valve, the electronic expansion valve is connected with an evaporator, the evaporator is connected with the intermediate heat regenerator, the intermediate heat regenerator is connected with the compressor, and the intermediate heat regenerator is connected with a bypass adjusting valve in parallel. A water inlet of the second gas cooler is provided with a first water pump, a water outlet of the second gas cooler is connected with a water inlet of the first gas cooler, and the water side of the second gas cooler is connected with a water temperature adjusting valve in parallel. A second water pump is arranged at a water inlet of the evaporator. Under the conditions of a waste heat source and a low pressure ratio, deep utilization of waste heat resources can be achieved, and intermediate temperature backheating required by high heat supply temperature is met.

A dryer including: a drum; a duct connected to the drum; a compressor connected to an evaporator and a condenser provided inside the duct; a heater provided inside the duct; a fan provided inside the duct; a motor to rotate the fan; and a controller configured to perform a first operation of operating the compressor, the heater, and the motor based on no object being inside the drum, and a second operation of operating the heater and the motor without operating the compressor. The dryer may sterilize the inside of the dryer, particularly, a flow path through which humid air passes.

A method for cooling an information technology system, comprising: receiving a flow of at least a subcooled liquid phase change refrigerant; cooling the information technology system by sensible heat transfer in an evaporator, to produce at least gaseous refrigerant; and exchanging heat from the at least gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator to the subcooled liquid phase change refrigerant. The phase change refrigerant may be a hydrofluorocarbon ether having a boiling point of 30-65° C. at 1-12 bar.

A method for controlling a dehumidifier is provided. The dehumidifier may include a dehumidifying module having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a fan module. The method may include determining by an occupancy sensor whether an occupant is present in an indoor space in which the dehumidifier is located; operating the compressor at a low speed when the occupancy sensor determines that an occupant is present in the indoor space; operating the compressor at a constant or high speed when the occupancy sensor determines that there are no occupants in the indoor space; and stopping operation of the compressor when an indoor humidity reaches a target humidity.

A dehumidifier is provided that may include a housing including a base, a case disposed on the base, and a top cover that covers an upper end of the case; a dehumidification module provided inside of the housing; and a handle mounted inside of the housing. The dehumidification module may include a compressor that compresses a refrigerant; a fan module; a condenser located at an inlet side of the fan module to condense the refrigerant that has passed through the compressor; an expansion valve that changes a phase of the refrigerant passing through the condenser; and an evaporator located at a rear side the condenser to evaporate the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve. The handle may include a front cover; a back cover coupled to a rear side of the front cover; a lifting guide accommodated in a space defined by the front cover and the back cover; a handle body coupled to an upper end of the lifting guide; and a lifting member that provide automatic raising of the handle body.

The utility model provides an emission reduction system for producing tetrahydrofuran from 1, 4-butanediol, and relates to the technical field of chemical production equipment. By arranging the 1, 4-butanediol raffinate separation unit, the 1, 4-butanediol raffinate generated in the tetrahydrofuran production unit can directly enter the film evaporator to be separated, the light component 1, 4-butanediol is rapidly evaporated and flows out from the first gas phase outlet, and the light component 1, 4-butanediol is condensed by the gas phase condenser and then returns to the tetrahydrofuran production unit to serve as a raw material to be recycled. And heavy components of tar in the film evaporator flow out from a first liquid phase outlet at the bottom and are discharged and incinerated. The system can further separate the 1, 4-butanediol raffinate generated in the tetrahydrofuran production unit, and recycle the 1, 4-butanediol in the raffinate, so that the material waste of the 1, 4-butanediol is reduced, and the utilization rate of the 1, 4-butanediol raw material is improved. And meanwhile, the 1, 4-butanediol residual liquid discharge incineration treatment amount is greatly reduced, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, and the production cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a cryogenic step-by-step preparation unit and process based on injection condensation and enhanced heat absorption in the technical field of absorption refrigeration. The cryogenic step-by-step preparation unit comprises a generation assembly, an evaporation absorption assembly, an injection assembly and a condenser. The evaporation and absorption assembly comprises a medium-pressure evaporator, a low-pressure evaporator, a medium-pressure absorber and a low-pressure absorber; the generating assembly utilizes a heat source to produce a cold source, the medium-pressure evaporator utilizes part of the cold source produced by the generating assembly to primarily cool a secondary refrigerant, and the low-pressure evaporator utilizes the remaining cold source discharged by the medium-pressure evaporator to cool the secondary refrigerant again. The condenser produces cold energy which is used as cold sources of the medium-pressure absorber and the low-pressure absorber respectively; the absorption type refrigerating unit is optimally designed, single-stage refrigeration is replaced by stage-by-stage refrigeration, the problem that the cost of single-stage refrigeration is too high due to the fact that equipment is too large is solved, and then application of the unit in the deep cooling scene is expanded.

An evaporator can include a pressure vessel and an evaporation device. The evaporation device can be at least partially enclosed within the pressure vessel and configured to direct a refrigerant through the pressure vessel. The evaporator can include at least one fluid direction device at least partially enclosed within the pressure vessel. The at least one fluid direction device is configured to direct a drinking fluid around the evaporation device to facilitate heat exchange. The evaporation device can include an evaporation coil with a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. The second portion can be located exterior to the first portion and the third portion can be located radially exterior to the second portion. The pressure vessel can include an inlet and outlet in fluid connection with the evaporation coil.

The invention relates to the technical field of high-level liquid waste evaporation in nucleation post-treatment and nucleation glass curing, in particular to a liquid waste evaporation end point automatic judgment method and a liquid waste evaporation control method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring waste liquid parameters of an evaporation system before evaporation and target parameters of waste liquid in a kettle type evaporator after evaporation; determining the target liquid level in the stock solution tank after evaporation according to the mass of the standard substance before evaporation calculated according to the waste liquid parameters, the target parameters of the waste liquid and the mass conservation of the standard substance before and after evaporation; according to the method, the mass of the standard substance of the waste liquid in the evaporation process is analyzed, and the evaporation end point is determined through mass conservation of the standard substance before and after evaporation, so that the evaporation end point can be automatically determined by analyzing the parameters of the waste liquid in the evaporation system, and the efficiency of the evaporation system is improved. Meanwhile, the evaporation end point is determined based on mass analysis and calculation of the target substance, so that the determination of the evaporation end point is more accurate.

The evaporation assembly comprises an evaporator and a pipe assembly, the evaporator comprises a main body part, the main body part is provided with an open end, a closed end and a containing cavity, the direction from the closed end to the open end serves as the first direction, and the main body part is provided with a protrusion formed by protruding from the cavity bottom of the containing cavity by a preset length in the first direction; the protrusion is provided with a groove, and the containing cavity is used for containing a to-be-cooled part. The pipe assembly comprises a spiral pipe and an extension pipe, the spiral pipe is communicated with the extension pipe, the spiral pipe surrounds the main body part, the extension pipe is arranged in the groove, and the pipe assembly is used for conveying a cooling medium. By means of the structure, when a cooling medium is introduced into the pipe assembly, due to the fact that the extension pipe is arranged in the groove, the cooling medium can penetrate through the extension pipe to absorb heat of the to-be-cooled part on the periphery of the protrusion, heat exchange in the to-be-cooled part is accelerated, refrigeration efficiency can be improved, and use is convenient.

The invention discloses an infrared heat pump drying machine, which comprises a drying chamber, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps, a plurality of infrared heat pumps and a plurality of infrared heat pumps, and is characterized in that the infrared heat pumps are arranged on the infrared heat pumps; the heat pump drying system comprises a heat pump drying outer box, an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser, the evaporator, the compressor and the condenser are arranged in the heat pump drying outer box, humid air in the drying chamber enters the heat pump drying outer box through an air outlet and an air return pipe, and the humid air is conveyed back to the drying chamber through an air supply pipe and an air supply outlet after being dried, dehydrated and heated by a heat pump; and the infrared drying system comprises a pair of infrared drying racks and a pair of carbon fiber infrared radiant panel groups. The invention further discloses an infrared heat pump drying method. Infrared drying and heat pump drying can be combined for use, the rapid heating characteristic of infrared rays can be utilized, heat can be recycled through a heat pump system, and the dual purposes of energy conservation and high efficiency are achieved.

The embodiment of the invention provides a two-stage heat exchange control method and system for a fused salt heating straight-flow type steam generator, and belongs to the technical field of industrial heat energy transmission. The method comprises the steps that real-time heat supply demand information is collected; heat supply path information in the corresponding heat supply period is determined; a joint optimization model is constructed based on the heat supply path information, and a control scheme of the two-stage heat exchange device of the fused salt heating straight-flow type steam generator is generated based on the joint optimization model; wherein the joint optimization model comprises a high-temperature fused salt flow distribution model and an incoming water temperature control model which are coupled; and executing the control scheme, and monitoring steam output information of a steam outlet of the evaporator in real time so as to control the steam output information of the steam outlet to be matched with the heat supply path information in real time. According to the scheme, dynamic coupling optimization of high-temperature molten salt flow distribution and incoming water temperature control is achieved, and the problems that in the prior art, the heat exchange efficiency is low, and the heat supply path control precision is insufficient are effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of heat pumps, and discloses a heat pump heating and cooling system adopting phase change energy storage, which comprises an air source heat pump, a phase change energy storage device and a heating and cooling terminal device, the phase change energy storage device comprises two phase change energy storage modules which are arranged in parallel; the refrigerant circulation pipeline is provided with a pressure protection assembly. The system further comprises a defrosting control module, and the defrosting control module is in signal connection with an evaporator frosting sensor of the air source heat pump and an energy storage capacity monitoring unit of the phase change energy storage device. Two modules of the phase change energy storage device adopt gradient temperature configuration and are matched with a multi-channel switching valve, the working state can be flexibly adjusted according to the environment and load requirements, and efficient energy storage and energy release are achieved. During defrosting, the low-temperature module responds preferentially, and the heat supply effect is guaranteed; and the pressure protection assembly monitors the pipeline pressure in real time and releases pressure and slowly releases the refrigerant in time when abnormity occurs, so that the safety and stability of the system are ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of dehumidification heat pumps, and particularly discloses a dehumidification heat pump unit with a chlorine and carbon dioxide detection function, which comprises a case, and an air inlet device, a fresh air device, an exhaust device, a heat exchange device and an air supply device which are arranged in the case, and further comprises a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) control system and an integrated gas detection device electrically matched with the PLC control system; the integrated gas detection device is used in cooperation with the air inlet device and the heat exchange device, the integrated gas detection device comprises a chlorine gas detection module and a carbon dioxide detection module, and the heat exchange device comprises a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser; the PLC control system is electrically connected with the integrated gas detection device, the compressor, the fresh air device and the exhaust device and used for receiving chlorine and carbon dioxide concentration signals detected by the chlorine detection module and the carbon dioxide detection module. The fresh air device is regulated to increase the fresh air introduction amount and start the exhaust device to accelerate exhaust of waste gas in the swimming pool.

A vacuum dryer not requiring a vacuum pump according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a drying chamber in which a drying rack is installed, and an exhaust valve communicating with the interior is provided on the outside of the other side; a steam generator located outside the drying chamber, having a water tank, and connected to a steam inlet; and a heat pump interlocked with the inside and outside of the drying chamber and configured by including a condenser provided in a high-temperature area, a first heat exchanger connected to the condenser outside the drying chamber, an evaporator provided in a low-temperature area, a second heat exchanger connected to the evaporator outside the drying chamber, a compressor connecting the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and an expansion valve connecting the condenser and the evaporator.

Non-flammable refrigerants with low GWP and secondary refrigerant systems including such refrigerants are provided. The refrigeration system may contain a high temperature refrigerant circuit with a first refrigerant and a low temperature refrigerant circuit with a second refrigerant, wherein the second refrigerant comprises a blend of R1234ze(Z), R1234ze(E), R1336mzz(E) and optionally R227ea, or a blend of R1234ze(Z) R1234ze(E) R1224yd(Z), and optionally R(227ea). The refrigerant fluids may have one of the following characteristics: (i) a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 150; (ii) an evaporator glide of less than 5.5° C.; (iii) non-flammability according to ASHRAE Standard 34; and / or (iv) a boiling point of less than 6° C.

The utility model relates to the technical field of humidity regulation, and specifically provides a constant humidity machine, which includes: a humidifying unit, which includes a humidifying part, and the humidifying part can release a first amount of moisture to a target space; a dehumidifying unit, which includes a condenser and an evaporator, and the condenser and the evaporator can remove a second amount of moisture from the target space; a liquid storage container, which can release the first amount of moisture to the humidifying part, and recover at least a part of the second amount of moisture. Through such a structure, it is possible to seek to achieve the humidifying function and the dehumidifying function of the constant humidity machine at the same time by sharing a liquid storage container. For example, the liquid storage container can be a water tank, etc. For example, the target space can be any space with humidity regulation requirements, such as a bedroom, a living room, an office, etc.

The present invention discloses an evaporator for an automobile air-conditioner, which relates to the technical field of automobile air-conditioning, and comprises a supporting outer frame and an evaporator body, wherein the evaporator body is fixedly connected to the interior of the supporting outer frame, and the internal top wall of the supporting outer frame is fixedly connected to two diversion boxes, and the outside of the diversion box is fixedly connected to a plurality of blocking and shrinking airbags, and the supporting outer frame is fixedly connected to the micro air pump, and the air outlet of the micro air pump is connected to an air supply hose. When the plurality of blocking and shrinking airbags continue to expand laterally, the evaporator body can be sealed in a separate space in cooperation with the supporting outer frame, so that the evaporator body is no longer in contact with the outside air when not in use, thereby reducing the phenomenon that dust in the outside air adheres to the louver fins of the evaporator body, and the plurality of blocking and shrinking airbags filled with gas are lighter in overall weight, thereby reducing the burden on vehicle operation.

The utility model discloses a household snow melting machine which comprises a stirring assembly and a refrigerating assembly, the stirring assembly comprises a protective cover, a driving motor and a scraper, the refrigerating assembly comprises an evaporator, the evaporator is arranged on the side portion of the driving motor and connected with the protective cover, the stirring assembly further comprises a sealing ring, and the sealing ring is arranged on the side portion of the driving motor and connected with the scraper. The sealing ring comprises an inner sealing ring, a sealing outer ring and a sealing inner ring, the sealing outer ring and the sealing inner ring are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the inner sealing ring respectively, an inner ring plate is arranged at the end of the protection cover, the evaporator penetrates through the inner ring plate, the sealing outer ring abuts against the surface of the side, close to the evaporator, of the inner ring plate, and the sealing outer ring abuts against the surface of the side, close to the evaporator, of the inner ring plate. The sealing inner ring abuts against the surface of the side, close to the driving piece, of the inner ring plate, and the inner sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the inner ring plate and the outer wall of the evaporator. According to the utility model, the sealing performance and the waterproofness can be improved, water seepage and oil seepage are prevented, potential safety hazards are avoided, and the service life is prolonged.