723 results about "Carbonation" patented technology

Hydrogen is produced from solid or liquid carbon-containing fuels in a two-step process. The fuel is gasified with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reaction to produce a methane-rich gaseous reaction product, which is then reacted with water and calcium oxide in a hydrogen production and carbonation reaction to produce hydrogen and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate may be continuously removed from the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone and calcined to regenerate calcium oxide, which may be reintroduced into the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone. Hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction is more than sufficient both to provide the energy necessary for the calcination reaction and also to sustain the hydrogenation of the coal in the gasification reaction. The excess hydrogen is available for energy production or other purposes. Substantially all of the carbon introduced as fuel ultimately emerges from the invention process in a stream of substantially pure carbon dioxide. The water necessary for the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction may be introduced into both the gasification and hydrogen production and carbonation reactions, and allocated so as transfer the exothermic heat of reaction of the gasification reaction to the endothermic hydrogen production and carbonation reaction.

An improved protein beverage which may provide a relatively high protein content, ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 15% by weight, while optionally employing a carbonation concentration between about 0.1 volumes of carbonation (per volume of liquid drink) to about 6 volumes of carbonation. Preferably the protein is a protein, such preferably as whey protein, or others. The protein beverage may contain juice and/or an additive which provides energy generation enhancement. The protein beverage may be heat treated to inactivate pathogenic microbes in the presence of the carbonation which may be used to provide taste and mouth feel for the drink. Typically, the treatment for pathogenic microbe inactivation is carried out in the individual package used for storage and handling of the protein drink. The protein beverage may be prepared from a protein beverage concentrate, which may be in the form of a syrup concentrate or a powder concentrate.

An improved protein beverage/drink composition which may provide a relatively high protein content, ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 15% by weight, while optionally employing a carbonation concentration between about 0.1 volumes of carbonation (per volume of liquid drink solution or liquid drink suspension) to about 6 volumes of carbonation. Preferably the protein is a protein, such preferably as whey protein, or others. The protein beverage may contain juice and/or an additive which provides energy generation enhancement. The protein beverage may be heat treated to inactivate pathogenic microbes in the presence of the carbonation which may be used to provide taste and mouth feel for the drink. Typically, the treatment for pathogenic microbe inactivation is carried out in the individual package used for storage and handling of the protein drink.

The invention provides a method for producing aluminum oxide and co-producing active calcium silicate through high-alumina fly ash. The method comprises the following steps that: the high-alumina fly ash firstly reacts with a sodium hydroxide solution to carry out pre-desilication to obtain a liquid-phase desiliconized solution and a solid-phase desiliconized fly ash; lime cream is added to the liquid-phase desiliconized solution to carry out a causticization reaction, the resulting solid phase is active calcium silicate which is prepared through carrying out filter pressing, flash evaporation and drying to obtain the finished product; limestone and a sodium carbonate solution are added to the desiliconized fly ash to blend qualified raw slurry, then the blend qualified raw slurry is subjected to baking into the clinker, the liquid phase generated from dissolution of the clinker is a crude solution of sodium aluminate; the crude solution of the sodium aluminate is subjected to processes of first-stage deep desilication, second-stage deep desilication, carbonation, seed precipitation, baking and the like to obtain the metallurgical grade aluminum oxide meeting requirements. According to the present invention, the defects in the prior art are overcome; purposes of less material flow and small amount of slaggling are achieved; energy consumption, material consumption and production cost are relative low; extraction rate of the aluminum oxide is high; the calcium silicate with high added value is co-produced; the method provided by the present invention can be widely applicable for the field of chemical engineering.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process of sequestering carbon dioxide. The process comprises the steps of: (a) reacting a metal silicate with a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide to produce a hydroxide of the metal formerly contained in the silicate; (b) reacting carbon dioxide with at least one of a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide and an alkali-metal silicate to produce at least one of an alkali-metal carbonate and an alkali-metal bicarbonate; and (c) reacting the metal hydroxide product of step (a) with at least one of the alkali-metal carbonate and the alkali-metal bicarbonate produced in step (b) to produce a carbonate of the metal formerly contained in the metal silicate of step (a).

A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO₂ compared to the inlet CO₂ concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO₂ from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO₂ (CaRS—CO₂) process consists of contacting a CO₂ laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO₂ by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Once “spent”, CaCO₃ is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO₂. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO₂. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS—CO₂ process. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO₃ structure, developed by a process detailed elsewhere, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.

A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO₂ compared to the inlet CO₂ concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO₂ from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO₂ (CaRS-CO₂) process consists of contacting a CO₂ laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO₂ by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Once “spent”, CaCO₃ is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO₂. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO₂. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS-CO₂ process. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO₃ structure, developed by a process detailed elsewhere, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.

A composition to prevent dehydration, supply energy and prevent cramps which contains electrolytes, carbohydrates and quinine and/or quinine salts and a method of preventing cramping caused by strenuous bodily activity. Palatability of the composition is improved by the effective use of carbohydrate, pH adjustment, flavoring and carbonation.

Process for producing sodium bicarbonate for purifying flue gases, according to which an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate is subjected to electrodialysis to produce a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium bisulfate solution, the sodium hydroxide solution being carbonated in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate.

The invention relates to a method to withdraw silicon and aluminum in sequence from coal ash; a NaOH solution with a mass concentration larger than 40 percent is used for leaching the coal ash, the silicon of the coal ash is dissolved in the form of sodium silicate, and after being separated, sodium silicate solutions and alkaline leaching residues with a ratio between aluminum and silicone more than or equal to 2 are produced; the dissolved sodium silicate solution is condensed into sodium silicate solutions of different concentrations, or used for preparing white carbon through a carbonation method; the alkaline residues are used for producing Al(OH)3 through a sodalime sintering method or limestone sintering method and further producing Al2O3, and the residues after the aluminum being extracted are made into stuff or used for producing concrete. The invention breakthroughs the original idea of directly extracting Al2O3 from the coal ash, and adopts the wholly novel technical route of extracting silicon first and aluminum secondly, thereby enhancing the aluminum silicon ratio of the alkali leached residues, simplifying the technique of extracting Al2O3, and increasing the extracting rate of aluminum from the coal ash.

The invention provides a method for preparing high base number (TBN400) synthetic calcium alkyl-benzene sulfonate. The method comprises the following steps of: adopting a mixed acid of long-chain linear alkyl-benzene sulfonic acid and high-boiling heavy alkyl-benzene sulfonic acid, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, low-carbon alcohol, alkaline-earth metal halide or nitrate, and a mixture of alkaline-earth metal alkylphenol or alkaline-earth metal alkylphenate and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride for a neutralization reaction in the presence of a solvent and cutback oil at a temperature of between 40 and 80 DEG C; then, passing through carbon dioxide to a product of the neutralization reaction at a temperature of between 40 and 60 DEG C for a carbonation reaction; and producing high base synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate with a total base number (TBN) of 400mgKOH/g by adopting a process of a one-step method. The product is divided into high-base number (TBN400) synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate containing chlorine and high-base number (TBN400) synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate without the chlorine. The product produced by adopting the method with low viscosity, small turbidity, easy filtration, light color and no skin formation has the advantages of excellent high-temperature detergency, excellent anti-foaming property and excellent heat storage stability.

The present invention relates to the preparation process of high purity aragonite type calcium carbonate whisker. The present invention prepares aragonite type calcium carbonate whisker with lime or slaked lime as main material and magnesium salt as crystal salt controlling agent and through a CO2 carbonating process. The process features the repeated use of the magnesium salt solution and the homogeneous replenishment of lime slurry during carbonating reaction. The process has low production cost, less environmental pollution and high calcium carbonate whisker yield, and the prepared calcium carbonate whisker has high purity and high length/diameter ratio. The process is suitable for industrial production of calcium carbonate whisker.

When spherical calcium carbonate is produced by blowing a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas into an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide to react them, after start of the reaction, an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof is added to the reaction mixture when carbonation ratio reaches 2 to 10%, and the reaction is further allowed to continue at a low gas blowing rate of 1.0 NL/minute or lower (step (a)). Subsequently, an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide and an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof are added to the reaction mixture, and a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas is introduced to allow to react and thereby produce spherical calcium carbonate having a mean particle diameter of 10 μm or larger. This production method is performed under high velocity revolution from the start of the reaction to the end of the step (a) This method provides calcite type spherical calcium carbonate showing high brightness and small friction coefficient, and having a shape comparatively close to a true sphere and a mean particle diameter of 10 μm or larger.

The water carbonation method and apparatus of the present invention consists of a square mixer within a carbonated chamber. The mixer is partially filled with water. Carbon dioxide is then added above the level of water. A rotating member attached to the mixing motor then mixes the water and carbon dioxide to from a carbonated solution. Varying the time for which the carbonation operation is carried on may vary the degree of carbonation. After the specified carbonation cycle, excess carbon dioxide is then relieved through an exhaust solenoid and the remaining carbonated solution is released through the dispensing solenoid into a cup.

The invention provides a technique method for integrating coupling in-situ CO2 through utilizing a plurality of processes such as CO2 absorbing separation, carbonation fixation and solid wastes recovery in stack gas and a device thereof. A supergravity rotating packing bed reactor is used for intensifying transmission and multi-phase reacting process through utilizing powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotary packing bed, which is a breakthrough technology and can strengthen order of magnitude to the transmitting process of liquidoid-controlled CO2, etc., thus greatly improving mass transfer absorption rate of the CO2.

The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and provides a method for preparing building material products through processing industrial solid waste by hydration-carbonation coupling technique. The method comprises steps of uniformly mixing the industrial waste comprising at least one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tobermorite with alkaline excitation material and proper amount of water so as to prepare the blank of the building material product, wherein the industrial waste comprises steel slag, mineral waste residue, furnace slag, coal ash or coal gangue, the alkaline excitation material comprises carbide slag, lime, Portland cement or waste cement; maintaining for a period through hydration, then maintaining through carbonation so as to obtain the carbonate-based building material product. The coupling technique can effectively use the industrial solid wastes such as steel slag, mineral waste residue, furnace slag, coal ash, coal gangue, carbide slag and the like, so that emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, the greenhouse effect is relieved, furthermore, the method can be used for producing the building material products with good properties, effectively uses the waste and is environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to a method for preparing nanometer calcium carbonate, in particular to a method for preparing nanometer calcium carbonate special for water soluble ink by a wet method. The method comprises the following steps: calcining and smashing limestone to prepare calcium oxide, classifying the calcium oxide, choosing fine quality calcium oxide to be slaked in a gyratory slaker, be aged twice and carbonized twice to prepare calcium carbonate. The method is characterized in that the calcium oxide undergoes slaking in the gyratory slaker and first aging, is added with a crystal control agent, undergoes second aging after undergoing first bubbling carbonation and is added with a material looseness modifier and a surface treatment agent to carry out second modification. The method farthest utilizes the low-grade limestone to prepare the nanometer calcium carbonate product special for water-based ink, with mean grain size of 10-40nm and specific surface of 40-70m/g and enhances the transparency and cohesive force of the ink.

The invention discloses a low temperature hydrothermal preparation method of alkali catalysis or Lewis acid / proton acid catalysis biomass. The method is as below: adding a certain amount of biomass, deionized water and a proper amount of alkali or Lewis acid / protonic acid into carbide carbon of biomass to a teflon inner liner, stirring to dissolve soluble biomass, filling into a stainless steel reaction kettle, and placing in an oven and reacting for a while at preset temperature, and reacting insoluble biomass in a device equipped with a heating sleeve and a thermostat magnetic stirrer under the preset temperature, wherein the reaction conditions are as below: temperature of 110-160 DEG C (preferably 120-140 DEG C) and reaction time of 6-72 h (preferably 12-36 h); naturally cooling to room temperature, conducting high speed centrifugal separation, and re-dispersing and repeatedly washing the obtained solid with deionized water and 95% ethanol to obtain a colorless supernatant, and drying to obtain carbon microsphere / nanosphere. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low hydrothermal carbonation temperature and high carbon production rate of the biomass, and is applicable to large-scale industrial production; and the product can be used as a catalyst carrier or adsorbent.

The process of preparing high purity light calcium carbonate fine powder with carbide residue includes reacting carbide residue as one kind of industrial waste directly with ammonium chloride solution to produce mixture solution of calcium chloride and ammonia water, filtering, introducing CO2 gas for carbonating reaction, filtering the produced slurry, water washing the filter cake and stoving to obtain calcite type spherical light calcium carbonate fine powder, and circulating ammonium chloride solution for reuse. The present invention has simple technological process, lowered production cost, high product purity and high product quality.

The present invention relates to one kind of gas containing sour milk beverage and its production process. The production process of the gas containing sour milk beverage includes the following steps: 1. preparing CO2 containing beverage through filtering and sterilizing CO2 gas and mixing the CO2 gas directly with basic sour milk beverage liquid, or through cooling pure water, mixing CO2 gas and pure water and mixing with basic sour milk beverage liquid; and 2. adding milk component and other nutritive additives into CO2 containing beverage via shaking to obtain gas containing sour milk beverage. The present invention increases sour milk beverage product innovatively.

The invention discloses a spiral push type low temperature pyrolysis carbonation furnace which comprises a bracket and a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is provided with a feed port and a discharge hole; the furnace body comprises an inner heating cylinder and an outer heating cylinder which are sleeved together; the tail end of the inner heating cylinder penetrates out of the outer heating cylinder; the tail end of the inner heating cylinder is provided with an tail gas outlet; the outer heating cylinder is provided with a high temperature smoke gas inlet and a high temperature smoke gas outlet; a plurality of deflectors are misplaced on the inner wall of the outer heating cylinder and the outer wall of the inner heating cylinder; and a plurality of hollow material transportation screws penetrate through the furnace, and the inside of the furnace body is provided with an electricity or smoke gas heating device. Because a double-layer tube-in-tube structure and a spiral push type pyrolysis carbonation mode are adopted and the tail gas outlet is arranged at the tail end of the inner heating cylinder, the spiral push type low temperature pyrolysis carbonation furnace has the characteristics that raw material adaptability is wide and a structure is simple, tail gas waste heat and low-grade pyrolysis carbonized gas can be fully utilized, thermal efficiency is high, and the like.

The invention relates to a lightweight high-strength cement based composite material. The grain composition of a multivariate cementing material and grain composition of aggregate are optimized, anddue to use of additives such as water reducing agent and thickener, the material can obtain high compressive strength of over 20MPa while obtaining the unit weight which is significantly lower than that of common concrete. The material has the technical advantages that the compressive strength of 28d standard curing is greater than or equal to 20MPa when the unit weight is smaller than or equal to 1650kg/m<3>; the requirements of the construction liquidity can be met by grain composition of the optimized gel material and the grain composition of the aggregate; the hardened material has a dense surface, and has excellent endurance performances such as anti-permeability, carbonation resistance, resistance to chloride ion erosion and the like.

The present invention concerns a method for producing calcium carbonate containing the steps of extraction of alkaline industrial waste or by-products using as a first extraction solvent an aqueous solution of a salt formed from a weak acid and a weak base, whereby a vanadium-enriched first residue is allowed to settle and a calcium-rich first filtrate is formed, filtration, whereby the first filtrate is separated from the first residue, carbonation of the calcium-rich first filtrate using a carbonation gas, whereby calcium carbonate precipitates and a second filtrate is formed, and a second filtration, whereby the calcium carbonate is separated from the second filtrate. Further, the present invention concerns a method for extracting calcium carbonate and vanadium from alkaline industrial waste or by-products.

A low shear mechanical granulation process for the production of detergent granules, the process comprising contacting an acid precursor of an anionic surfactant, a non-surfactant acid and a solid carbonated neutralising agent wherein the solid carbonated neutralizing agent has a d_3,2 average particle size no more than 90 μm, preferably no more than 80 μm, more preferably no more than 70 μm, still more preferably no more than 60 μm, yet more preferably no more than 50 μm and especially no more than 40 μm.

The invention discloses a single shaft tension loading device for testing the carbonation property of the concrete under tensile stress and a test method, wherein the hex nuts pre-embedded at the axis of two ends of the tested element connect the cylinder or rectangle tested element between two parallel steel plates, four same compressed springs are sheathed on four steel columns of the diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the springs, the two steel plates can parallel move between the four steel columns, the material parameters and the compressed quantity of the springs can be used to calculate the axial tensile load on the tested element, the tested element is axially patched with three stress sheets to find the actual tensile stress at different parts. The characteristic parameters of the springs can be changed to obtain the carbonation test parameters under different tensile stresses.

The present invention provides a method and compact apparatus for providing a continuous flow of carbonated water. The apparatus atomizes the water into microscopic particles allowing for significantly increased interaction between the water and the carbon dioxide. The water and the carbon dioxide then travel into a mixing chamber where further mixing takes place. The invention does not require the use of a pump or the use of a large carbonator vessel.

The process of carbonating mineral, fixing CO2 and co-producing carbonate product includes the following steps: crushing calcium-containing solid waste and/or silicate ore to obtain solid particle, adding acid medium, stirring at 60-80 deg.c for 30-120 min, cooling, filtering to obtain calcium ion leaching solution, adding calcium-containing alkaline matter to regulate pH value to 7-8 and filtering to obtain calcium-containing material liquid; adding organic solvent to the calcium-containing material liquid via stirring and introducing CO2 to produce carbonating reaction; filtering the resultant liquid to obtain filtrate and solid matter; washing the solid matter with deionized water and drying to obtain calcium carbonate. The present invention can utilize solid waste and greenhouse gas CO2 resource to produce light calcium carbonate in low production cost and high economic benefit.

The preparation process of fraction oil hydrogenation treatment catalyst includes assistant adding modification of gamma-alumina precursor and subsequent conventional preparation process. The fraction oil hydrogenation treatment catalyst includes gamma-alumina precursoe prepared through carbonation process, aluminum nitrate process, aluminum sulfate process or aluminum chloride process; F an/or Bas assistant and W and Ni as active component. Compared with available technology, the present invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, low power consumption, and excellent catalyst performance. The catalyst of the present invention is suitable for hydrogenation treatment of 130-390 deg.c fraction oil.

The invention discloses a process for preparing aluminum oxide and white carbon black by taking high-alumina fly ash as a raw material and adopting a two-step alkaline leaching method, comprising the following process steps of: preparing a sodium silicate solution by carrying out first-step alkaline leaching on the high-alumina fly ash; preparing the white carbon black by carrying out carbonation decomposition on the sodium silicate solution; preparing aluminum rich alkaline liquor by carrying out second-step alkaline leaching on desiliconization fly ash; preparing a sodium aluminate solution through the aluminum rich alkaline liquor; and preparing the aluminum oxide through the sodium aluminate solution, and the like. The invention prevents the high-temperature sintering in the process of the aluminum oxide prepared through the high-alumina fly ash, has low energy consumption and cyclic utilization of the alkaline liquor obtained through the first-step alkaline leaching and the second-step alkaline leaching, little material consumption; and in addition, silicon-calcium slag generated in the process course are used as raw materials for producing wall materials without generating secondary pollution, therefore the invention meets the requirements for clean production.

An improved protein beverage which may provide a relatively high protein content, ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 15% by weight, while optionally employing a carbonation concentration between about 0.1 volumes of carbonation (per volume of liquid drink) to about 6 volumes of carbonation. Preferably the protein is a protein, such preferably as whey protein, or others. The protein beverage may contain juice and/or an additive which provides energy generation enhancement. The protein beverage may be heat treated to inactivate pathogenic microbes in the presence of the carbonation which may be used to provide taste and mouth feel for the drink. Typically, the treatment for pathogenic microbe inactivation is carried out in the individual package used for storage and handling of the protein drink. The protein beverage may be prepared from a protein beverage concentrate, which may be in the form of a syrup concentrate or a powder concentrate.