The invention discloses a
phase transfer catalyst of
metal ion complexing
crown ether for efficiently preparing aquacide dichloride and application of the
phase transfer catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by taking crown ethers as 18-crown-6 and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6
ether and
complex ions as lewis acid
active components such as
potassium ions,
lithium ions,
cobalt ions,
copper ions and the like through a direct chemical method. The catalyst synergistically catalyzes a
nucleophilic substitution reaction of a
pyridine derivative and
alkyl halide in an aprotic polar
solvent such as
acetonitrile or
nitrobenzene, and synthesis of
diquat dichloride can be realized under the conditions of 60-140 DEG C, normal pressure and no
oxygen. The
mass ratio of the
pyridine derivative to the catalyst to the
solvent in a
reaction system is 1: (0.001-0.05): (5-8), and real-time monitoring and regulation are performed through an online
infrared spectrum, a liquid chromatograph and a gas chromatograph-
mass spectrometer. The purity of the product is more than 99% after the product is subjected to
filtration, recrystallization with an
ethanol-water mixed
solvent and
vacuum drying. The catalyst provided by the invention has the characteristics of
high activity, strong stability and recoverability, obviously improves the
atom economy of the reaction, simplifies the production process, reduces the
energy consumption and
pollution, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.