The invention discloses an efficient breeding method for families of Portunus trituberculatus and belongs to the field of fishery breeding. According to the method, different wild geographical populations of the Portunus trituberculatus are collected, parent crab mating is completed with a manually controlled directional mating technology, after mating, large pincer muscles of male crabs are taken and stored at the ultralow temperature being subzero 80 DEG C, mated female crabs live through the winter and discharge the young, families are constructed, and after discharging of the young, large pincer muscles of the female crabs are taken and stored at the ultralow temperature being subzero 80 DEG C; when the young of the families develop to young crabs in the stage II, the young crabs are transferred outdoors for breeding, all the families are mixed in the equal proportion for releasing, test populations are established, and meanwhile, a conservation population is established for each family; at the 120-day age, growth traits of each individual of the test populations are measured, then family identification is performed on the individuals by the aid of screened micro-satellite primers, and statistics about survival rates and the growth traits of the families is performed; comprehensive indexes are calculated according to the survival rates and the growth traits of the families, breeding of the families is performed, reservation families are required, individual selection from the families is performed on conservation populations, parent crab mating is completed with an indoor manual directional mating technology, and accurate breeding of the families is realized.