The invention relates to a terahertz-driven electronic pulse accelerating femtosecond electron diffraction device which comprises a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, an ultraviolet laser pulse generator, a terahertz pulse generator, an electron gun, an electron focusing device, a sample room, an imaging device and a camera. After the femtosecond laser emitted by the femtosecond laser passes through the beam splitter, one beam of femtosecond laser enters the ultraviolet laser pulse generator, and the other beam of femtosecond laser enters the terahertz pulse generator through a mirror. An ultraviolet laser pulse and a terahertz pulse received by the electron gun enter the cavity of the electron gun to produce an electronic pulse. The electron focusing device is mounted between the cavity of the electron gun and the sample room. A sample assembly and the imaging device are placed inside the sample room in sequence along the emitting direction of the electronic pulse. The camera is placed at a position, facing the imaging device directly, outside the sample room. The device can run in a reflection or transmission mode, can be used in research of both a reversible process and an irreversible process, and is of high brightness and high spatial-temporal resolution.