The invention relates to a single-line and double-line shared beam transporting vehicle which comprises two front vehicle bodies, two rear vehicle bodies, a beam transporting device, a beam transporting device, a beam transporting device and a beam transporting device, the two front vehicle bodies are arranged in parallel at intervals, and a front cab is arranged at the front end of each front vehicle body; the two rear vehicle bodies are located behind the two front vehicle bodies, the two rear vehicle bodies are detachably connected through a connecting cross beam, the two front vehicle bodies are detachably connected through a connecting cross beam, and a rear cab is arranged at the rear end of each rear vehicle body; the front car body is provided with a front beam carrying trolley, and the rear car body is provided with a rear beam carrying trolley. The two front vehicle bodies and the two rear vehicle bodies are arranged, the front beam carrying trolleys are installed on the front vehicle bodies, the rear beam carrying trolleys are installed on the rear vehicle bodies, when single-line erection is needed, one front vehicle body and one rear vehicle body can be used, and when double-line erection is needed, the front beam carrying trolleys and the rear beam carrying trolleys can be used. The single-line beam transporting vehicle and the double-line beam transporting vehicle can be switched by additionally arranging the front vehicle body and the rear vehicle body through the connecting cross beam, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction progress is accelerated, each vehicle body is provided with an independent cab, and independent driving can be achieved.