6254 results about "Magneto" patented technology

Apparatus and method for wireless near-field magnetic communication (NFMC) of information (e.g., voice or data) over modest distances (centimeters to a few kilometers). The transmission can proceed from an inductive coil transmitter to a magneto-electric (ME) receiving device, or between two ME devices. Electrical power may also be transmitted from and / or received using the same device. In one case, power and data are transmitted from an induction coil to a distant ME device that collects power and transmits data back to the power-transmission coil. In another case, the wireless transfer of data can be carried out between two ME devices. ME devices can be engineered to transmit or receive data and to receive electric power over a variety of frequencies by changing their dimensions, their material makeup and configuration, electrode configurations, and / or their resonance modes (longitudinal, transversal, bending, shear etc). Data rates up to and above several kilo-bits / s are possible using these methods with no limits on the frequency and duration of the communication.

System and method for view navigation and magnification of the display of hand-held devices in response to the orientation changes along only two axes of rotation as measured by sensors inside the devices. The view navigation system is engaged and controlled by a single hand which simultaneously presses two ergonomically designed switches on both sides of the hand-held device. In other embodiments, the system engaged into the view navigation mode in response to an operator command in the form of a finger tap, or a voice command, or predefined user gestures. The response curve of the view navigation to sensed changes in orientation is dynamically changing to allow coarse and fine navigation of the view. Various methods are described to terminate the view navigation mode and fix the display at the desired view. Miniature sensors like accelerometers, tilt sensors, or magneto-resistive direction sensors sense the orientation changes. The system can be added to an existing hand-held device via an application interface of the device.

The present invention provides a tunneling magneto-resistive read sensor structure that improves sensitivity and linear density of the sensor structure. The sensor includes first and second electrodes and a stack positioned between the electrodes. The stack includes first and second free layers with magnetization orientations that are biased relative to each other. A tunneling barrier (insulating layer) or non-magnetic metal spacer is positioned between the first and second free layers. A sense current is passed between the first and second free layers of the stack. The amount of current passing through the first and second free layer changes based upon the orientation of the first and second free layers relative to each other.

A magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) array comprises global bit lines segmented using a plurality of local bit lines. A read / write controller is connected to the switches. Switches couple the global bit line to the local bit lines. The MRAM array has low leakage currents and facilitates a high signal-to-noise (S / N) ratio of read and write operations.

A varying magnetic field excites slight vibrations in an object and a radar sensor detects the vibrations at a harmonic of the excitation frequency. The synergy of the magnetic excitation and radar detection provides increased detection range compared to conventional magnetic metal detectors. The radar rejects background clutter by responding only to reflecting objects that are vibrating at a harmonic excitation field, thereby significantly improving detection reliability. As an exemplary arrangement, an ultra-wideband micropower impulse radar (MIR) is capable of being employed to provide superior materials penetration while providing range information. The magneto-radar may be applied to pre-screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patients, landmine detection and finding hidden treasures.

A memory cell includes a plug-type first electrode in a substrate, a magneto-resistive memory element disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the magneto-resistive memory element opposite the first electrode. The second electrode has an area of overlap with the magneto-resistive memory element that is greater than an area of overlap of the first electrode and the magneto-resistive memory element. The first surface may, for example, be substantially circular and have a diameter less than a minimum planar dimension (e.g., width) of the second surface. The magneto-resistive memory element may include a colossal magneto-resistive material, such as an insulating material with a perovskite phase and / or a transition metal oxide.

A spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) element employed to store a state based on the magnetic orientation of a free layer, the STTMRAM element is made of a first perpendicular free layer (PFL) including a first perpendicular enhancement layer (PEL). The first PFL is formed on top of a seed layer. The STTMRAM element further includes a barrier layer formed on top of the first PFL and a second perpendicular reference layer (PRL) that has a second PEL, the second PRL is formed on top of the barrier layer. The STTMRAM element further includes a capping layer that is formed on top of the second PRL.

Provided herein are systems, methods and compositions for the use of ultrasound for detection of cells and nanoparticles.

A single microchannel is combined with external electromagnets for performing a fast immunoassay within a very small volume. Magnetic / luminescent nanoparticles serve as carriers for the antibodies and as internal luminescent standard. The immunoreaction is accelerated by applying alternating magnetic field by means of the external electromagnets, thus inducing oscillation of the particles and achieving better diffusion during the incubation steps. Using the electromagnets the particles are held into the channel for washing and luminescence detection steps. The luminescence of the particles serves as an internal calibration for the assay and helps to avoid experimental error from particle loss.

A magnetic refrigerating device includes: a magnetic refrigerating unit including a magnetic material “A” exhibiting a magneto-caloric effect that the temperature of the material “A” is increased by the application of a magnetic field and the temperature of the material “A” is decreased by the removal of a magnetic field, a magnetic material “B” exhibiting a magneto-caloric effect that the temperature of the material “B” is decreased by the application of a magnetic field and the temperature of the material “B” is increased by the removal of a magnetic field, a heat conductive material “a” exhibiting higher heat conductivity under the application of a magnetic field and lower heat conductivity under the removal of a magnetic field, and a heat conductive material “b” exhibiting lower heat conductivity under the application of a magnetic field and higher heat conductivity under the removal of a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic refrigerating unit is configured so as to include at least one layered structure denoted by “AaBb” or “AbBa”; and a magnetic field-applying means to apply a magnetic field to the magnetic refrigerating unit.

A sampled amplitude read channel is disclosed for magnetic disk storage systems comprising an adaptive non-linear correction circuit for correcting non-linear distortions in the read signal, such as asymmetry caused by the non-linear response of a magneto-resistive (MR) read head. The analog read signal is sampled and the discrete time sample values equalized into a desired partial response prior to sequence detection. The non-linear correction circuit is inserted into the read path prior to the sequence detector and adaptively tuned by a least-mean-square (LMS) adaptation circuit. In one embodiment, the non-linear correction circuit is a discrete-time Volterra filter comprising a linear response for implementing an equalizing filter, and a non-linear response for attenuating non-linear distortions in the read signal. The filter coefficients of both the linear and non-linear sections of the Volterra filter are adaptively adjusted by the LMS adaptation circuit. In an alternative embodiment, the non-linear correction circuit operates in the analog domain, prior to the sampling device, where the cost and complexity can be minimized. The analog correction circuit implements an inverse response to that of the non-linearity in the read signal, and the response is adaptively tuned using an LMS update value computed in discrete-time for a Volterra filter, without actually implementing a Volterra filter. Further, the LMS update value for the analog correction circuit can be implemented using a simple squaring circuit.

A semiconductor memory device includes memory cells, first wirings, a first current driver circuit, and a second current driver circuit. The memory cell includes a magneto-resistive element having a first ferromagnetic film, an insulating film formed on the first ferromagnetic film, and a second ferromagnetic film formed on the insulating film. The first wiring is provided in close proximity to and insulated from the magneto-resistive element. The first current driver circuit supplies a first current to the first wiring in a write operation to produce a magnetic field around the magneto-resistive elements. The second current driver circuit supplies a second current between the first and second ferromagnetic films via the insulating film in a write and a read operation.

Provided herein are systems, methods, and compositions for the use of optical coherence tomography for detection of cells.

An electrical generating system includes a plurality of linear operating magnetos impeded within a roadway pavement, whereby the passage of vehicle wheels from moving motor vehicles directly depresses linear solenoid plungers for generating electricity, without the need for the extra energy consumption drawbacks, such as bellows, compressed air or ratchet mechanisms.

A circuit arrangement for correcting magneto-resistive head asymmetry includes a shift circuit which receives a read signal from a magneto-resistive head, and a polarity signal indicative of the polarity of any asymmetry of the read signal. Depending on the polarity of the asymmetry, the shift circuit either adds or subtracts a shift voltage to the read signal to produce a shifted read signal. The shift circuit outputs the read signal, the shifted read signal, and the shift voltage. First, second and third gain circuits are provided, which receive the read signal, the shifted read signal, and the shift voltage, respectively, and which each receive a respective control signal. The first, second and third gain circuits provide respective outputs amplified proportionally based on the respective control signals. Control circuitry provides the polarity signal to the shift circuit and the respective control signals to the first, second and third gain circuits, based on an amount of correction required. A common-mode-feedback circuit adjusts for changes in the common-mode caused by the waveform shaping.

An apparatus having a coil of wire, energized by a repetitively pulsed radio frequency (RF) power source to provide electromagnetic fields to a region within a body. A scanning, directional hydrophone acoustically connected to the body, samples ultrasonic radiation generated by the RF fields at the RF frequency or twice the RF frequency induced from conductive spots. Signals from the hydrophone are analyzed with regard to their time of arrival relative to the RF pulses and with respect to their direction of arrival. These collected data are recorded and displayed as images of the spots within the region.

A rotor structure for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) electromotive machine is provided. The rotor structure includes at least one rotor lamination including a first group of slots and a second group of slots arranged to form a magnetic pole. The first group of slots may be arranged to form a magnetic flux along a direct axis of the magnetic pole resulting from the first and second group of slots. At least some of the first group of slots is arranged to receive a respective permanent magnet. The second group of slots is arranged to provide a separation for the magnetic flux from adjacent magnetic poles and lying along a quadrature axis of said magnetic pole. At least some of the second group of slots is arranged without a permanent magnet. The rotor structure further includes a magneto-mechanical barrier arranged to reduce a peak level of mechanical stress occurring by the first and / or the second group of slots and / or impede a flow of magnetic flux through the barrier.

Magneto-resistive random access memory elements include a ferromagnetic layer having uniaxial anisotropy provided by elongate structures formed in the ferromagnetic film. The magnetic dipole aligns with the long axis of each structure. The structures can be formed in a variety of ways. For example, the ferromagnetic film can be applied to a seed layer having a textured surface. Alternatively, the ferromagnetic film can be stressed to generate the textured structure. Chemical mechanical polishing also can be used to generated the structures.

A magneto-caloric (MC) device is disclosed. The MC device comprise a rotor, a housing disposed about and concentric with the rotor and mechanically coupled to the rotor, wherein the housing comprises at least one axial slot, at least one set of MC elements, wherein each set of MC elements comprises at least one MC element, and at least one MC element of each set of MC elements is disposed within each of the at least one axial slots, and at least one working-segment corresponding to each set of MC elements, wherein each working-segment is disposed axially around the rotor and external to the housing, and wherein each working-segment comprises, a yoke substantially defining an inner volume comprising a first inner volume and a second inner volume, and a magnetic field production (MFP) unit magnetically coupled to the yoke and configured to provide a magnetic field within the first inner volume.

Products are disclosed for measuring electromagnetic fields. One embodiment has at least two coplanar magneto-resistive sensors. Each magneto-resistive sensor has a sensitive axis in the plane of the at least two coplanar magneto-resistive sensors. The at least two magneto-resistive sensors may be orthogonally arranged about a central point to measure orthogonal components of electromagnetic fields.

A magneto-active adhesive and method of adhesive bonding by magnetic field. The method includes steps of providing at least two adherends to be bonded, providing a magneto-active adhesive system between the at least two adherends, the magneto-active adhesive system comprising a plurality of magnetic particles and an adhesive; and applying a non-cyclically varying magnetic field or a cyclically varying magnetic field induced by an alternating current having a frequency of less than 100 hz to the magneto-active adhesive system to change the adhesion of the magneto-active adhesive system to at least one of the adherends. Various carriers for microelectronic devices including magneto-active adhesive contact surfaces are also described within the scope of the invention.

In a magnetic random access memory, a cross point cell array of memory cells is arranged in a matrix of columns and rows, and each of the memory cells has a magneto-resistance element. A column of dummy memory cells is provided, and each of the dummy memory cells has a magneto-resistance element. Word lines are provided for the rows of the memory cells and the dummy memory cells, respectively, and bit lines are provided for the columns of the memory cells, respectively. A dummy bit line is provided for the column of dummy memory cells. A read circuit is connected with the cross point cell array and the dummy bit line.

A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based current & magnetic field sensor includes a MEMS-based magnetic field sensing component having a capacitive magneto-MEMS component, a compensator and an output component for sensing magnetic fields and for providing, in response thereto, an indication of the current present in a respective conductor to be measured. In one embodiment, first and second mechanical sense components are electrically conductive and operate to sense a change in a capacitance between the mechanical sense components in response to a mechanical indicator from a magnetic-to-mechanical converter.

A heat generator comprising a magneto-caloric material and a method for generating efficient and reliable thermies enabling of substantially limiting displaceable inert masses in order to produce a magnetic field variation required for obtaining a magneto caloric effect and usable by individuals and / or industries. The generator (10) comprises magneto caloric thermal elements (Ti) which are circularly arranged and crossed by conduits containing coolant flowing therethrough and magnetic elements (Gi) exposing the thermal elements (Ti) to a magnetic field action. The generator (10) also comprises magnetic divergence (mj) elements arranged between the thermal elements (Ti) and the magnetic elements (Gi) and coupled to displacement mechanism (not represented) for moving from one thermal element (Ti) to another thermal element (Ti+1) and initiating the magnetic flux variation in the thermal elements (Ti), thereby promoting the calorie and / or frigorie generation. The generator (10) can be used for tempering, cooling, heating, conserving, drying and air-conditioning.

A heat pump system that uses variable magnetization to control the amount of MCM subjected to a magnetic field is provided. More particularly, the amount of MCM subjected to a magnetic field can be selected based on the amount of refrigeration needed. As such, the heat pump system can be adjusted based on e.g., changes in ambient conditions, and the energy used in operating such a heat pump system can be conserved so as to increase energy efficiency of the system.

The invention concerns a position sensor, designed in particular for detecting a steering column torsion, consisting of a first magnetic structure including a plurality of magnets and a second magnetic structure including two ferromagnetic rings (6, 7) having a plurality of teeth (11, 12) and defining an air gap wherein is placed at least a magneto-sensitive element (15), the two magnetic structures being respectively integral with two parts in relative rotation. The invention is characterised in that the two ferromagnetic rings (6, 7) are nested and have each a substantially tubular part forming axially oriented teeth (11, 123) connected by a flux-closing zone (13, 14), the detecting air gap being delimited by said flux-closing zones.

A gradiometer for measuring properties of a magnetic field and in particular, for measuring magnetic field gradient components, comprising at least two magnetic sensors wherein at least two of the magnetic sensors are arranged to sense the magnetic field component in substantially the same direction. The magnetic sensors may be super conducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, Hall probes, flux gates or magneto-resistive magnetometers. The gradiometer also includes a computer processor loaded with an adaptive signal-processing algorithm, for performing adaptive signal balancing of the magnetometer outputs. In a preferred embodiment the gradiometer may comprise at least eight magnetometers in a three-dimensional arrangement, and a set of three orthogonal global feedback coils, one for each direction x, y, z, such that the five independent magnetic field gradient components may be measured. The gradiometer may also be used to measure second or higher order magnetic field gradient components.

Systems and methods for controlling a rotating electromagnetic machine. The rotating machine, such as a permanent magnet motor or hybrid switched reluctance motor, includes a stator having a plurality of phase windings and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator. A drive is connected to the phase windings for energizing the windings. A controller outputs a control signal to the drive in response to an input demand such as a demanded speed or torque. Control methods (which can be implemented separately or in combination) include varying the gain of an estimator as a function of a demanded or estimated speed to position control system poles at desired locations, decoupling control system currents to achieve a constant torque with motor speed, compensating flux estimates of the estimator for saturation operation of the stator, estimating rotor position using averages of sample values of energization feedback, and calculating a trim adjusted speed error from a plurality of speed estimates.

An angular sensor which enables to obtain an output signal proportional to a relative rotational angle with low manufacturing cost and with miniaturized size. An angular sensor which includes a first magnet and a second magnet fixed to a rotation body, magnetic flux sensing surface is fixed to the stator to be positioned in magnetic field between the first magnet and the second magnet and perpendicular to magnetic sensing direction for sensing a magnetic flux, a magneto-electric transducer element for outputting an electric signal corresponding to a magnetic sensing direction element of the magnetic density, deflection yokes. The deflection yokes are positioned facing the magnetic flux sensing surfaces. The deflection yokes are positioned within a range of three quarters of a distance between the first magnet and the second magnet in X-axis direction and one half of a distance between the first magnet and the second magnet in Y-axis direction.