52 results about "Pulse operation" patented technology

This power conversion device includes a multilevel inverter which outputs multilevel voltages by adding / subtracting voltage of a sub inverter to / from output voltage of a main inverter. The multilevel inverter can switch between PWM operation in which plural pulses are outputted in each of positive voltage output and negative voltage output in one cycle and a pulse width is controlled, and one-pulse operation in which one pulse is outputted in each of positive voltage output and negative voltage output in one cycle, and has a current-split switching mode in which current flowing between a neutral point and the sub inverter flows through a first switch group and a second switch group provided to the main inverter and connected in parallel, in a case where the main inverter outputs zero voltage which is the potential of the neutral point, in the one-pulse operation.

Disclosed in the present invention is a near-infrared wavelength scanning pulse fiber laser having a low mode-locking threshold. According to the present invention, a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror and a saturable absorber mirror architecture are used to achieve a low mode-locking threshold and ensure long-term mode-locking stability. After mode-locking self-starting, an automatic control module automatically achieves single-pulse operation by adjusting the intensity of retro-reflected pulses. In the single-pulse operation stage, different frequencies of radio frequency signals and different signal intensities are provided for an acousto-optic tunable filter by means of a radio frequency module to achieve a 1030 nm-1100 nm wavelength scanning and tuning range.

Device for controlling at least one light-emitting diode (LED1) to generate short light pulses (LP),- with an H-bridge (H) consisting of a first half-bridge (HB1: T1, T2) with a first transistor (T1) and a second transistor (T2) and a second half-bridge (HB2: T2, T3) with a third transistor (T3) and a fourth transistor (T4),- wherein the H-bridge (H) is controlled by a control unit (ST) and- wherein the H-bridge (H) can be operated by the control unit (ST) in pulsed mode (GPB) and in quasi-continuous mode (QDB) and- wherein the first half-bridge (HB1: T1, T2) is supplied with electrical energy from a first positive supply voltage (VCC1) and a first negative supply voltage (GND1) and- wherein the second half-bridge (HB2: T3,T4) is supplied with electrical energy from a second positive supply voltage (VCC2) and a second negative supply voltage (GND2) and- wherein the light-emitting diode (LED1) is connected with its cathode (K) to the output of the first half-bridge (HB1: T1, T2) and- wherein the light-emitting diode (LED1) is connected with its anode (A) to the output of the second half-bridge (HB2: T3, T4) and- wherein the first positive supply voltage (VCC1) and the second positive supply voltage (VCC2) can be equal and- wherein the first negative supply voltage (GND1) and the second negative supply voltage (GND2) can be equal and- wherein the light source, in particular the one or more light-emitting diodes (LED1), represents the load of the H-bridge (H) between the output of the first half-bridge (HB1: T1, T2) and the output of the second half-bridge (HB2: T3, T4) and- wherein the control device (ST) is designed to operate in pulsed mode (GPB) a “PAn” condition,in which a forward voltage in the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained by the H-bridge (H) for longer than a turn-on time (τpp), and- wherein the control device (ST) is designed so that in pulsed operation (GPB) a "PAus" state, in which a reverse voltage against the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained by the H-bridge (H) for longer than a clearing time (τpn), and- wherein the clearing time (τpn) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1), and- wherein the turn-on time (τpp) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1).

A radar sensor has an analog front-end with an in-phase, I, channel output and a quadrature-phase, Q, channel output. The radar sensor operates in a pulsed operation. A mode switch is used to couple a selected one of the I and Q-channel outputs to an analog processing circuit. The mode switch is operable in a first, I-channel, mode, a second, Q- channel, mode, and a third, time division multiplexing dual-channel, mode. In this way, the radar can operate in power efficient single-channel mode or a dual-channel mode for greater robustness to interference.

To provide various methods, controllers, and electric machine systems that facilitate pulsed operation of an electric machine to improve energy efficiency of the electric machine.SOLUTION: Selected transitions between the pulsed power levels are controlled to provide a third order or higher order transition torque profile. In various implementations, third order, fifth order, or higher order transition profiles are used. The use of such a transition torque profile may improve the NVH characteristics of the electric machine while providing energy efficient pulse transitions.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

An electric machine controller arranged to direct a power converter to cause a pulsed operation of an electric machine in selected operational ranges to deliver a desired output and to cause a continuous operation of the electric machine in selected operational ranges is provided. A ramp generator is adapted to provide a ramping between the pulsed operation and the continuous operation. In some embodiments, the ramp generator utilizes a quadratic, cubic or higher order ramping function. In some embodiments, during a first portion of the transitional period, the ramp generator causes pulsing between a first ramped transitional torque level and a second ramped transitional torque level that is lower than the first transitional torque level, and during a second portion of the transitional period, the ramp generator causes the electric machine to generate substantially zero torque in intervals between transitional pulses while ramping the first ramped transitional torque level.

A laser apparatus for generating a sub- 190 nanometer laser beam includes a deep-ultraviolet solid-state laser source to generate an initial deep-ultraviolet laser beam, at least one mid-infrared solid-state laser source to generate at least one respective mid-infrared laser beam, and at least one lithium triborate crystal to generate an output deep-ultraviolet laser beam from the initial deep-ultraviolet and mid-infrared laser beams via sum-frequency generation. Each mid-infrared solid- state laser source includes (a) a holmium-, thulium-, or chromium-doped gain crystal or gain fiber or (b) an optically-pumped semiconductor gain material to generate the respective mid-infrared laser beam. The laser apparatus may be configured for continuous-wave and pulsed operation, thus offering versatile solutions for applications requiring DUV laser radiation below 190 nanometers. Advantageously, the present approach relies on lithium triborate. Lithium triborate crystals can be grown with the quality and dimensions needed for industrial applications.

The present invention provides technology that achieves more accurate measurement while preventing luminance saturation.　The present technology provides a measurement device, etc., comprising a light source capable of switching between pulse operation and CW operation, and a control unit that controls the switching between pulse operation and CW operation, wherein the light source includes a saturable absorber that exhibits a quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). The control unit may control a voltage applied to the saturable absorber to switch between pulse operation and CW operation.

Headlight (SW), in particular for use in vehicles,- with at least one first LED (LED1) as a light source and- with an H-bridge (H) for controlling and supplying the first LED (LED1) with electrical energy,- wherein the headlight (SW) has a first operating mode (QDB) in which the first LED is used as a light source for illumination purposes and- wherein the headlight (SW) has a second operating mode (GPB) in which the first LED is used as a light source for generating light pulses (LP) in a function as a component of an optical data communication device and- wherein the H-bridge (H) is controlled by a control device (ST) and- wherein the H-bridge (H) can be operated by the control device (ST) in pulsed operation (GPB) in the second operating mode and in quasi-continuous operation (QDB) in the first operating mode and- wherein the control device (ST) is designed tothat in pulsed operation (GPB) a "PAn" state, in which a forward voltage in the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained for longer than a turn-on time (τpp) by the H-bridge (H), and- wherein the control device (ST) is designed such that in pulsed operation (GPB) a "PAus" state, in which a reverse voltage against the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained for longer than a turn-off time (τpn) by the H-bridge (H), and- wherein the turn-off time (τpn) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1), and- wherein the turn-on time (τpp) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is.,

A method for controlling the operation of at least one first electric machine on board a vehicle, wherein the vehicle has at least one resonant frequency, is provided. Pulsed operation of the first electric machine is conducted such that it provides a desired average output, the pulsed operation causing the first electric machine to oscillate between a first output level greater than the desired output level and a second output level less than the desired output level. At least some transitions between the first and second output levels are controlled. At least one notch filter for the at least one resonant frequency of the vehicle is provided.

Systems and methods for commanding an electric drive system for an electric or hybrid vehicle are described. In one example, the drive system is commanded by a controller that supplies different D-axis and Q axis command signals. The different D-axis and Q-axis command signals permit adjustments to alter vehicle noise and vibration levels.

Described herein are methods for developing and maintaining pulses that are produced from compact resonant cavities using one or more Q-switches and maintaining the output parameters of these pulses created during repetitive pulsed operation. The deterministic control of the evolution of a Q-switched laser pulse is complicated due to dynamic laser cavity feedback effects and unpredictable environmental inputs. Laser pulse shape control in a compact laser cavity (e.g., length / speed of light<˜1 ns) is especially difficult because closed loop control becomes impossible due to causality. Because various issues cause laser output of these compact resonator cavities to drift over time, described herein are further methods for automatically maintaining those output parameters.

Methods of testing a multilevel inverter include selectively pulsing (i.e., attempting to turn on) at least one of the inner and outer switches of the inverter and determining a status of at least one of the inner switches, the outer switches and the neutral clamping diodes of the inverter based whether the pulsed at least one of the inner and outer switches desaturates. The pulsing may be preceded by charging the DC bus to a predetermined voltage magnitude that is less than a nominal working voltage magnitude of the DC bus, e.g., the predetermined voltage magnitude may be around 50% or less of the nominal working voltage magnitude.

Headlights (SW), in particular for use in vehicles, - with at least one first LED (LED1) as a light source, - wherein the headlight (SW) has a first operating mode (QDB) in which the first LED (LED1) is used as a light source for illumination purposes, and - wherein the headlight (SW) has a second operating mode (GPB) in which the first LED (LED1) is used as a light source for generating light pulses (LP) in a function as a component of an optical measuring device, - with an H-bridge (H) for controlling and supplying the first LED (LED1) with electrical energy, - wherein the H-bridge (H) is controlled by a control device (ST), and - wherein the H-bridge (H) can be operated by the control device (ST) in pulsed operation (GPB) in the second operating mode and in quasi-continuous operation (QDB) in the first operating mode, and - wherein the control device (ST) is designed tothat in pulsed operation (GPB) a "PAn" state, in which a forward voltage in the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained for longer than a turn-on time (τpp) by the H-bridge (H), and- wherein the control device (ST) is designed such that in pulsed operation (GPB) a "PAus" state, in which a reverse voltage against the forward direction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) through the H-bridge (H), is not maintained for longer than a turn-off time (τpn) by the H-bridge (H), and- wherein the turn-off time (τpn) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1), and- wherein the turn-on time (τpp) is less than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the light-emitting diode (LED1) is.,

Systems and methods for commanding an electric drive system for an electric or hybrid vehicle are described. In one example, the drive system is commanded by a controller that supplies distinct D-axis and Q-axis command signals. The distinct D-axis and Q-axis command signals enable adjustments to change the vehicle's noise and vibration levels.

This application discloses a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for evaluating the performance of quantum operation gates. The method includes: inserting a delay of a target duration between adjacent Clifford gates in a quantum benchmark test sequence to obtain a first benchmark test sequence; determining a first incoherent error based on the quantum benchmark test sequence and the first benchmark test sequence; the target duration is n times the duration of a pulse operation gate rotating 90° around a target axis; inserting n pulse operation gates rotating 90° around a target axis between adjacent Clifford gates in a purity random benchmark test sequence to obtain a second benchmark test sequence; determining a second incoherent error based on the purity random benchmark test sequence and the second benchmark test sequence; using the difference between the second incoherent error and the first incoherent error as the target incoherent error; and evaluating the performance of the quantum operation gate based on the target incoherent error, thereby realizing the performance evaluation of microwave generating devices and microwave transmission links.

The present application relates to the technical field of plasma control of nuclear fusion tokamak device, and particularly relates to a plasma control system configuration parameter distribution method.The technical scheme comprises deploying parameter analysis plug-ins of auxiliary components and algorithm components on real-time nodes, and the auxiliary components and the algorithm components interact through shared memory;in the discharge preparation stage, the auxiliary components obtain configuration parameters from a configuration parameter management component of a master node, parameter analysis plug-ins of each algorithm component perform parameter preloading, and the parameter analysis plug-ins perform real-time parameter analysis in the discharge control stage.The present application significantly reduces memory occupation and time consumption of configuration parameter distribution, meets the massive parameter management demand of long-pulse operation;through shared memory communication and preloading mechanism, the system high real-time is guaranteed, and time margin is left for algorithm operation;combined with dynamic parameter analysis and modular design, flexible expansion of algorithm components and dynamic switching of control strategies are supported, and redundant parameter occupation resources are avoided.

To improve the energy conversion efficiency of an electric machine.SOLUTION: A variety of methods, controllers, and electric machine systems are described that facilitate pulsed control of electric machines (e.g., electric motors and generators) to improve the machines' energy conversion efficiency. Under selected operating conditions, an electric machine is intermittently driven (pulsed). A pulsed operation causes the output of the electric machine to alternate between a first output level and a second output level that is lower than the first output level. The output levels are selected such that at least one of the electric machine and a system that includes the electric machine has a higher energy conversion efficiency during the pulsed operation than the electric machine would have when operated at a third output level that would be required to drive the electric machine in a continuous manner to deliver a desired output. In some embodiments, the second output level is zero torque.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Device for controlling at least one light-emitting diode (LED1) to generate short light pulses (LP), - with an H-bridge (H), • consisting of a first half-bridge (HB1) with a first transistor (T1) and a second transistor (T2) and • consists of a second half-bridge (HB2) with a third transistor (T3) and a fourth transistor (T4), and - with a control unit (ST) of the H-bridge and - wherein the control unit (ST) is designed to operate the H-bridge in pulsed and continuous operation and - wherein the light-emitting diode (LED1) has an anode (A) and a cathode (K) and - where the light-emitting diode (LED1) is inserted into the H-bridge (H) as a bridge load, • wherein the light-emitting diode is connected with its cathode (K) to the output of the first half-bridge (HB1: T1, T2) and • wherein the light-emitting diode (LED1) is connected with its anode (A) to the output of the second half-bridge (HB2: T3, T4) and - where the H-bridge (H) is made of • a first positive supply voltage (VCC1) and • a second positive supply voltage (VCC2) and • a first negative supply voltage (GND1) and • a second negative supply voltage (GND2) is supplied with electrical energy for transmission to the light-emitting diode (LED1) and • where the first transistor (T1) is connected to the first positive supply voltage (VCC1) and • where the third transistor (T3) is connected to the second positive supply voltage (VCC2) and • where the second transistor (T2) is connected to the first negative supply voltage (GND1) and • where the fourth transistor (T4) is connected to the second negative supply voltage (GND2) and • wherein the voltage that can be applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) by the H-bridge in pulsed operation is higher in magnitude than the voltage that can be applied to the light-emitting diode (LED1) by the H-bridge in continuous operation in the same direction in the forward direction of the first LED (LED1) and / or in the reverse direction of the first LED (LED1) and • wherein the control device (ST) is designed to ensure that in pulse operation a “PAn” state, in which a forward voltage is applied to the first LED (LED1) in the forward direction, does not last longer than a switch-on time (τ) pp ) is taken, and • wherein the control device (ST) is designed so that in pulse operation a “PAuse” state, in which a blocking voltage is applied to the first LED (LED1) against the direction of flow, does not last longer than a clearing time (τ pn ) is taken, and • where the clearing time (τ pn ) smaller than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the first light-emitting diode (LED1) and • where the on-time (τ pp ) smaller than the charge carrier lifetime (τ) in the PN junction of the first light-emitting diode (LED1) and - wherein another transistor (T12) is connected to a third positive supply voltage (VCC3) at one terminal and to another terminal, the output of the second half-bridge (HB2: T3, T4) of the H-bridge (H) and - where the control connections (G1, G2, G3, G4, G12) are not connected to each other.

A memory device includes a memory block, peripheral circuit, and control logic. The memory block includes a plurality of pages coupled to a plurality of word lines, respectively. The peripheral circuit is configured to perform a program loop including a program pulse operation of applying a program voltage to a selected word line, and a verify operation of applying at least one verify voltage corresponding to the program voltage to the selected word line and applying a verify pass voltage to unselected word lines. The control logic is configured to increase a level of the verify pass voltage applied to at least one unselected word line among the unselected word lines whenever the peripheral circuit performs the next program loop when threshold voltages of memory cells included in a page coupled to the selected word line are greater than a reference level.

System for amplifying an RF signal generated in pulse operation, wherein the system comprises (300; 400): a first amplifier (313; 409), wherein the first amplifier (313; 409) is configured to amplify the RF signal (320) which is applied to an input (Vin; VINP, VINN) of the first amplifier (313; 409), a switchable impedance element (TR2; TR2P, TR2N) which is coupled to an output of the first amplifier (313; 409), wherein the switchable impedance element (TR2; TR2P, TR2N) is designed such that it includes a first impedance, when the RF signal (320) is active, and that it includes a second impedance when the RF signal (320) is not active, and a second amplifier (311; 411) which is coupled to the output of the first amplifier (313; 409), wherein the switchable impedance element comprises an LDMOS transistor (TR2; TR2P, TR2N).

The application relates to the technical field of power line communication and discloses a bit synchronization method suitable for a medium-voltage carrier system, which comprises the following steps: a transmitting end cyclically generates an m sequence as a bit synchronization code stream; the bit synchronization code stream is modulated into a bipolar NRZ code; inter-symbol interference is eliminated by using shaping filtering; after frequency up-conversion, the bit synchronization code stream is sent out through a transmitter; after frame synchronization ends, a phase comparison is used to perform plus-minus pulse operation on a local timing signal and correlation is performed on the received bit synchronization code stream; after bit synchronization deviation is calculated, the deviation time is compensated to the frame synchronization end time. The application is based on the medium-voltage carrier communication system, the correlation characteristics of the m sequence and the difference between the local high-frequency clock and the transmission data rate are utilized on the basis of frame synchronization to compensate for the phase deviation caused by frame synchronization, so that more accurate synchronization end time is obtained, the precision of the clock synchronization system is improved, the deviation caused by synchronization in the clock synchronization technology is reduced to the nanosecond level, and the workload of fault positioning and checking is reduced.

The application discloses a two-dimensional array pulse self-synchronization wafer laser structure, which comprises an inner resonant cavity composed of a first reflecting layer, a saturable absorber, a wafer array gain medium and a second reflecting layer, and an outer resonant cavity composed of a phase grating structure layer and a third reflecting layer, and the inner resonant cavity and the outer resonant cavity form a composite resonant cavity; a pump light source emits pump light which is injected into the composite resonant cavity through a pump module, passes through the wafer array gain medium multiple times, and generates array oscillation laser in the inner resonant cavity; simultaneously, the saturable absorber absorbs and modulates the array oscillation laser, starts and maintains the array pulse operation; the array laser pulse enters the outer resonant cavity through the second reflecting layer, the phase grating structure layer causes the array pulse laser to be coupled, the array pulse laser returns to the inner resonant cavity through the third reflecting layer to be mutually injected, modulated and locked, the array pulse laser is synchronously operated in the composite resonant cavity, the collective mode laser pulse is formed, and the self-synchronized high-energy coherent array pulse output is realized.

To prevent an excessive rush current without increasing the size of a power supply for a load which performs pulse operation.SOLUTION: A power supply device according to an embodiment includes a capacitor, a time constant circuit that adjusts a charging / discharging current of the capacitor, a power switch that selectively supplies a charging current from a main power supply to the capacitor, an output switch that intermittently connects an output terminal of the capacitor and a load in response to a pulse signal and outputs a pulse voltage to the load, a comparison circuit that compares a terminal voltage of the capacitor with a reference voltage after the start of supply of the charging current from the main power supply by the power switch, and a control circuit that determines whether or not the voltage difference exceeds a threshold value, interrupts supply of the pulse voltage to the load in a period in which the voltage difference exceeds the threshold value, and controls the output switch so as to detect completion of charging of the capacitor and supply the pulse voltage to the load in a period in which it is determined that the voltage difference does not exceed the threshold value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

A laser device (1) is described, comprising a semiconductor laser (2) and a driving circuit (3) configured to operate the semiconductor laser (2) in pulsed operation, wherein: - the driving circuit (3) includes a switch (T1) switchable between an open state and a closed state; - the driving circuit (3) includes a first capacitor (C1) coupled to a power supply (5); - the switch (T1) is coupled to the first capacitor (C1); - the driving circuit (3) includes a second capacitor (C2); - the p-type contact (22) of the semiconductor laser (2) is capacitively coupled to the switch (T1) via the second capacitor (C2); - in the closed state of the switch (T1), the first capacitor (C1) discharges via the second capacitor (C2) and the semiconductor laser (2) to generate laser pulses; and - in the open state of the switch (T1), the second capacitor (C2) discharges. Furthermore, a method for operating the semiconductor laser (2) is described.

A method of controlling operation of at least a first of at least one electric machine on a vehicle is provided, where the vehicle has at least one resonant frequency. The first motor is directed to perform a pulsed operation to deliver a desired average output, where the pulsed operation causes the first motor to alternate between a first output level greater than the desired average output and a second output level less than the desired average output. At least some transitions between the first output level and the second output level are controlled. At least one notch filter is provided at at least one resonant frequency of the vehicle.

The invention relates to the technical field of plasma control of a nuclear fusion Tokamak device, in particular to a plasma control system configuration parameter distribution method. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: deploying parameter analysis plug-ins of an auxiliary component and an algorithm component at a real-time node, wherein the auxiliary component and the algorithm component interact through a shared memory; and in the discharge preparation stage, the auxiliary component acquires configuration parameters from the configuration parameter management component of the main node, the parameter analysis plug-in of each algorithm component performs parameter preloading, and the parameter analysis plug-in performs real-time parameter analysis in the discharge control stage. According to the method, memory occupation and time consumption of configuration parameter distribution are remarkably reduced, and the mass parameter management requirement of long-pulse operation is met; through shared memory communication and a preloading mechanism, high real-time performance of the system is guaranteed, and sufficient time margin is reserved for algorithm operation; in combination with dynamic parameter analysis and modular design, flexible expansion of algorithm components and dynamic switching of control strategies are supported, and resources are prevented from being occupied by redundant parameters.

The present invention discloses an electrode assembly, an electron gun and an electron gun device, relating to the field of microwave and millimeter wave technology. The electron gun comprises an anode for receiving a first acceleration voltage signal, the electrode assembly is arranged in the anode, and the electrode assembly comprises a cathode, a first control electrode and a second control electrode; the cathode has an emission surface for emitting an electron beam; the cathode is arranged in the first control electrode; the second control electrode is arranged in the first control electrode, the second edge of the second control electrode is arranged toward the first edge of the first control electrode, and an electron penetration gap for the electron beam to pass through is formed between the first edge, the electron penetration gap faces the emission surface and is connected to the anode; the first control electrode and the second control electrode are used to receive a second acceleration voltage signal that is smaller than the first acceleration voltage signal; the present invention can solve the problems of the electron gun requiring a complex and expensive high-power pulse modulation circuit and the influence of high-voltage fast switching noise in high-frequency, high-power and short-pulse operation.

A generator suitable for the pulsed operation comprises a power factor correction circuit having an integrated circuit. The voltage detector input of the control circuit is upstream of and connected to an amplifier. The amplifier may be configured so that its amplification factor has a value of 1 in a first condition and takes a value larger than 1 in a second condition. Moreover, the amplification may be set to a value of larger than 1 only if the voltage at the converter output is inside a tolerance range that is provided for the usual operation of the power factor correction circuit. Outside of this tolerance range, the amplification of the amplifier is then exactly 1. In doing so, the usual operation of the integrated control circuit is not disturbed, particularly during start-up.