The invention provides a cable group cable core transient temperature calculation method based on a finite element method. The method includes the steps of firstly, checking the cable group laying condition, secondly, measuring relevant parameters of cables, thirdly, building a model for a cable group according to measured data, fourthly, dividing the cable model, fifthly, reading currents and determining alternating current resistance and thermal loads, sixthly, conducting simultaneous solution on all division units, and seventhly, repeatedly executing the fifth step and the sixth step, and repeatedly conducting iteration to get a cable core transient temperature. The cable group cable core transient temperature calculation method plays a significant role in solving the problem of cable core temperature when multiple cables are used at the same time under a complex laying condition, real-time temperature of cable cores can be accurately calculated, and judgment of the real-time operating state of cables can be facilitated.