The invention provides a correlation sampling based laser multi-pulse ranging system, relating to a laser ranging system. The correlation sampling based laser multi-pulse ranging system is provided with a clock control circuit module, a laser pulse transmitting module, a laser pulse receiving module and a time information processing module, wherein the clock control circuit module is provided with two clock signal output ends and is provided with a local oscillator, a first frequency divider, a second frequency divider, a first mono-stability trigger and a second mono-stability trigger; the laser pulse transmitting module is provided with a pulse driving circuit, a semiconductor laser, an opto-isolator and a collimating lens; the laser pulse receiving module is provided with an avalanche photodiode, a pre-filtering amplifying circuit, an opto-isolator and a focusing lens; and the time information processing module is provided with a first sample holding circuit and a second sample holding circuit. A sampling signal is subjected to frequency doubling, the sampling time of transmitting pulse and receiving pulse is reduced, the ranging speed is increased, the measurement precision is improved, and the correlation sampling based laser multi-pulse ranging system can solve the problem of low precision in a short-range laser ranging mode.