266 results about "Space charge" patented technology

The invention discloses a one-dimensional plasma simulation method based on deep learning optimization and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: firstly constructing a one-dimensional basic model containing specific parameters, and then constructing and training a neural network of a multi-layer sensor (MLP) structure for predicting a potential function; then, a particle simulation method (DL-PIC) based on deep learning optimization is executed. Under the condition that 1000 grid points are included, compared with a traditional particle simulation method (PIC), the simulation time of the DL-PIC neural network is shortened by about 33.37%. According to the invention, complex physical phenomena such as reflection oscillation caused by heat effect and space charges can be effectively processed, and the method has good expansibility. The method is not only suitable for one-dimensional simulation, but also can be popularized to higher-dimension and electromagnetic particle simulation. Therefore, the invention provides an efficient and accurate solution for plasma simulation research, and can be widely applied to the technical field of plasma simulation.

The invention discloses a 4kV low-resistance super-junction planar gate SiC VDMOS device structure and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of silicon carbide power devices, the 4kV low-resistance super-junction planar gate SiC VDMOS device structure comprises drain electrode metal, an n + SiC substrate and an n-type drift layer are arranged above the drain electrode metal, an n-type region is arranged in the middle of the n-type drift layer, a p-type shielding layer is arranged below the n-type region, p-type regions are arranged on two sides of the n-type drift layer, and the n + SiC substrate is arranged above the n-type region. A p-type well region is arranged above the p-type region; strip-shaped Schottky metal and strip-shaped polycrystalline silicon are arranged in the p-type well region, and an n + source region, source electrode metal, an insulating medium and grid electrode metal are arranged above the p-type well region; and the device is prepared. By constructing the transverse and longitudinal double-space charge region structure, the doping concentration of the n-type drift layer of the device is higher, the on-resistance of the device is reduced, the ohmic contact resistance and the body diode on-resistance of the device can be effectively reduced by the Schottky metal and polycrystalline silicon structure, and the follow current loss of the device is further reduced.

The present invention discloses a memristor based on a GaN / PEDOT:PSS planar heterojunction and a preparation method thereof, including a substrate; a GaN thin film, the GaN thin film is p-type conductive, and the GaN thin film is attached to the surface of the substrate; a PEDOT:PSS organic layer, the PEDOT:PSS organic layer is p-type conductive, and the PEDOT:PSS organic layer is attached to the surface of the GaN thin film; a first electrode, forming an ohmic contact with the GaN thin film; and a second electrode, forming an ohmic contact with the PEDOT:PSS organic layer. Through the combined action of the space charge layer generated by the GaN / PEDOT:PSS heterojunction and the nitrogen vacancies in the GaN thin film, the present invention can realize the switching of the device resistance between the high resistance state and the low resistance state under the control of an external voltage, and realize the non-volatile writing and erasing of data.

Methods include introducing an ion quantity into an ion accumulation region, wherein the ion accumulation region, which can comprise a structure for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) device allowing creation of a static or traveling wave electric field that moves ions towards an ion wall controllably blocking a movement of the ion quantity past the ion wall, wherein the ion wall is produced by one or more ion wall electrodes of an electrode arrangement, and directing the ion quantity in a direction towards the ion wall to increase a density of the ion quantity adjacent to the ion wall, such that the quantity of ions becomes space charge separated based on mobility along the direction and adjacent to the ion wall. Related apparatus provide space charge driven mobility separations.

The invention provides a tank-type circuit breaker AC / DC voltage withstand test electric field improvement method and device and a storage medium, and the device comprises an epoxy resin composite insulator embedded with an aluminum alloy spherical shell, and the spherical shell achieves the equipotential connection with the wire outlet end of a circuit breaker sleeve through conical surface cooperation. And the curvature radius is optimally designed to transfer an electric field peak value to an equatorial region. The spherical shell is coated with a semi-conductive silicone rubber layer with resistivity distributed in a gradient manner, and the outer insulator forms a multi-stage umbrella skirt structure. During installation, dimensional tolerance self-adaptive compensation is achieved through a cam locking mechanism of the floating flange, and the belleville spring set provides axial sealing pre-tightening force. The method comprises four core processes of composite structure coaxial installation, gradient electric field regulation and control, dynamic sealing locking and electric heating state verification. According to the scheme, an electrode structure is reconstructed to suppress point discharge, space charge accumulation is blocked through dielectric layer resistivity gradient distribution, the creepage distance along the surface is prolonged through the multi-stage umbrella skirts, and the technical defect that the safety distance is shortened by a traditional grading ring is overcome.

A method and corresponding devices to reduce the presence of unwanted ions within the pseudo-potential well of the RF fields for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is disclosed. This method reduces space-charge effects and leaves more room available for the ions of interest and, hence, leads to increased transmission of the desired ions into the mass analyzer. In the present invention, the space charge is reduced by adding a low-band resolving DC potential, or a fast sweeping resolving DC potential with a notch, or a fast constant resolving DC potential with a notch, or by adding auxiliary quadrupolar or dipolar RF potential to the quadrupole ion guide, such that all the unwanted ions will be outside the stable region and therefore ejected. This reduces the charge density in the ion beam and ameliorate space charge effects.

The invention relates to a space charge numerical calculation method and system of a converter transformer oil paper insulation structure. According to the method, firstly, key parameters of the oil paper insulation structure of the converter transformer are obtained, and a two-dimensional finite element simulation calculation domain is established according to the key parameters; defining constraint conditions in a two-dimensional finite element policy calculation domain, and establishing a liquid medium dynamic drift diffusion model as a space charge calculation model according to a Poisson equation and a carrier transport equation; and finally, under a constraint condition, performing non-uniform mesh generation on the model, solving a space charge calculation model, and outputting a space charge numerical value of the space charge calculation model. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the space charge distribution condition at the insulating oil paper interface can be accurately restored in the operation process of the converter transformer when the polarity of an electric field is reversed under the microscopic view angle of charge transport characteristics of different voltage waveforms, and the like.

The invention discloses an electrothermal aging test method and device for simulating the space charge effect of a cable terminal. The method comprises the following steps: S1, treating a cable sample; s2, constructing an electric heating aging platform; s3, carrying out five aging stage tests on the cable sample; s4, carrying out space charge detection on the cable samples at different aging stages; s5, analyzing correlation between a space charge accumulation rule and insulation degradation based on a charge mobility formula and an injection current formula; according to the invention, the actual working condition of the cable terminal is accurately simulated through the electrothermal collaborative aging platform, and the limitation that the space charge evolution law is difficult to reproduce in the traditional method is overcome; a weighted all-phase averaging method is adopted to process signals, and an arc-shaped sensor and a frequency domain deconvolution algorithm are combined, so that interference is effectively filtered out, and the detection stability and accuracy are improved; through correlation of charge accumulation and insulation degradation processes, an insulation failure mechanism is disclosed, fault early warning is realized, and theoretical and test support is provided for design optimization, life evaluation and operation and maintenance of the cable terminal.

The invention discloses an oxide semiconductor plane p / n superstructure and a preparation method thereof. According to the method, a latticed mask is formed on the surface of an oxide thin film based on a photoetching process, O2 atmosphere annealing (100-300 DEG C, 15-40 min) is combined, the local oxygen vacancy concentration of a mask covering area and an exposed area is precisely regulated and controlled, and precise in-situ conversion of a p type (oxygen-rich area) and an n type (oxygen-poor area) in a homogeneous material is achieved. The planar p / n superstructure breaks through the strict limitation of a traditional vertical multi-junction structure on material doping and interface quality, the width of a depletion region is expanded to the micron order through the p / n homojunction arrays alternately distributed in the plane, and the bulk recombination effect of photon-generated carriers is remarkably inhibited. According to the method, an innovative technical route of photoetching-assisted in-situ construction of the planar multi-junction photoelectrode is created, the method has the advantages of interface atomic-scale lattice matching, simple process, high compatibility, accurate and controllable space charge distribution and the like, and a technical foundation is laid for non-assisted solar water decomposition, research and development of self-driven optoelectronic devices and the like.

The invention discloses a wide-temperature-range solid insulation space charge measurement method, and belongs to the technical field of electrical insulation test and dielectric physical measurement. A solid insulation sample is mounted between double-layer composite electrode modules in a closed high-low temperature test cavity, and a flexible compensation gasket is adopted to absorb thermal expansion difference; a PID closed-loop control system is utilized to realize accurate and stable control of the temperature of the sample in a wide temperature range; applying a direct-current bias voltage and pulse voltage superposition signal, and collecting an acoustic signal generated by space charge displacement through a wide-temperature-range PVDF piezoelectric sensor module; and based on a sound velocity and sensitivity temperature calibration curve established by a pre-experiment, carrying out deconvolution processing on a sound wave signal to correct a temperature dependence error, and finally obtaining accurate space charge density distribution at different temperatures. According to the invention, the precision and reliability of space charge measurement of the solid insulating material in a wide temperature range are effectively improved.

The invention relates to the field of power cable materials, in particular to an ultrahigh-voltage cable insulating material, a preparation method thereof and a cable. The ultrahigh-voltage cable insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80 to 100 parts of polyethylene, 1 to 5 parts of a cross-linking agent, 0.5 to 1 part of a compatilizer and 0.1 to 1 part of an organic molecular semiconductor. According to the ultrahigh-voltage cable insulating material, the organic molecule semiconductor with high electron affinity is introduced into the polyethylene matrix, and free electrons are attracted and fixed through strong static electricity of the organic molecule semiconductor, so that injection, migration and accumulation processes of charges in the cable insulating material are blocked; the problem of space charge accumulation of a cable insulating material in a high-voltage environment is solved from the source, and the insulativity and the long-term operation reliability of the cable insulating material are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a measurement and evaluation method and system for double analysis of the aging state of a cable, and belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of the insulation state of electrical equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a broadband dielectric spectrum of a corresponding aging sample in any aging period, and constructing low-frequency dielectric loss data related to a plurality of aging samples; obtaining group data of a standard measurement sample corresponding to any aging sample, and constructing oxidation data about a plurality of standard measurement samples; acquiring a dielectric spectrum space charge distribution diagram based on the low-frequency dielectric loss data, and acquiring an oxidation product concentration thermodynamic diagram based on the oxidation data; obtaining an aging grading result based on the low-frequency dielectric loss data and the oxidation data; and outputting a three-dimensional aging measurement evaluation report based on the dielectric spectrum space charge distribution diagram, the oxidation product concentration thermodynamic diagram and the aging grading result. According to the measurement and evaluation method and system for double analysis of the aging state of the cable, accurate quantification of the aging degree is achieved by synchronously analyzing the dielectric response and the chemical structure change.

Improved multi-pass time-of-flight mass spectrometers MPTOF, either multi-reflecting (MR) or multi-turn (MT) TOF are proposed with elongated pulsed converters—either orthogonal accelerator or radially ejecting ion trap. The converter 35 is displaced from the MPTOF s-surface of isochronous ion motion in the orthogonal Y-direction. Long ion packets 38 are pulsed deflected in the transverse Y-direction and brought onto said isochronous trajectory s-surface, this way bypassing said converter. Ion packets are isochronously focused in the drift Z-direction within or immediately after the accelerator, either by isochronous trans-axial lens / wedge 68 or Fresnel lens. The accelerator is improved by the ion beam confinement within an RF quadrupolar field or within spatially alternated DC quadrupolar field. The accelerator improves the duty cycle and / or space charge capacity of MPTOF by an order of magnitude.

The invention discloses an ultrahigh-spatial-resolution time-broadening framing camera and a framing imaging method, and solves the problem that the spatial resolution of a system is reduced due to spatial dispersion caused by the space charge effect of electrons in the transition process of an existing time-broadening framing camera. According to the invention, the characteristic that the spinning period of the photoelectrons moving in a drift magnetic field is only related to the magnetic field intensity and is irrelevant to the speed distribution of the photoelectrons overflowing from the microstrip line structure is utilized, that is, the photoelectrons overflowing from the microstrip line structure drift for a fixed time; the phase of the photoelectron circular motion is consistent with the initial phase of the photoelectron when the photoelectron overflows from the microstrip line structure, that is, by designing the magnetic field intensity and the microstrip line structure voltage, it is ensured that the photoelectron advancing in a spinning mode reaches the traveling wave gating framing tube after the integer period circular motion in the magnetic drift tube; that is, the circumferential phase of the electrons reaching the traveling wave gating framing tube is the same as the phase when the photoelectrons overflow, so that the spatial resolution of the camera reaches the optimal system.

The invention discloses a photoconductive antenna for reducing a space charge shielding effect, relates to a terahertz transmission technology, and provides a scheme for solving the problems of overhigh shielding voltage and the like in the prior art. The structure comprises a photoconductive substrate, a first electrode arranged on one side of the upper end face of the photoconductive substrate, and a second electrode arranged on the other side of the upper end face of the photoconductive substrate. A gap nano metal array is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; the gap nano metal array comprises unit cells which are distributed in an array; the metal sheets in the unit unit cells and / or between the unit unit cells excite local plasmon polaritons to enhance the light field intensity of corresponding areas when irradiated by incident laser. The terahertz photoconductive antenna has the advantages that the nanometer array structure is introduced, a high radiation enhancement area is generated through metal plasmon coupling, the terahertz photoconductive antenna obtains better radiation characteristics, meanwhile, the nanometer array structure is structurally optimized, the distribution condition of carriers in the photoconductive antenna is improved, and space charge shielding voltage is effectively reduced.

According to the ion regulation and control device, the ion guide device, the control method, the device, the equipment and the ion guide system provided by the invention, the first guide element and the deflection force field generation module are arranged, under the condition that ions are injected into the first guide element, the first guide element is controlled to apply the reverse electric field opposite to the ion transmission direction, and the deflection force field is generated; thereby trapping ions within the first guide element; controlling the deflection force field generation module to work so as to enable the ions in the first guide element to generate radial deflection; and under the condition that offset is completed, the first guide element is controlled to cancel the reverse electric field so that the first guide element can move in the transmission direction, ions in the first guide element can generate radial offset through the deflection force field generation module, the ions can be more uniformly distributed in the radial direction, and therefore the space area utilization rate is increased, and the transmission efficiency is improved. And the influence of the space charge effect is reduced.

The application relates to a satellite energy acquisition system based on space charged particle collection, belonging to the technical field of spacecraft power supply. The application aims at solving the problem that the discharge phenomenon of the space charged particles deposited on the surface of a satellite can cause physical damage to materials. The application comprises a collection capacitor used for capturing the space charged particles, forming a high-voltage electrostatic field through the accumulated charges of the space charged particles; an energy-taking conversion circuit used for converting the high-voltage electrostatic field energy stored in the collection capacitor into low-voltage electrostatic field energy and transferring the low-voltage electrostatic field energy to an energy storage capacitor; the energy storage capacitor is used for storing the low-voltage electrostatic field energy, setting a target electric field energy according to the working requirement of a rear-end load, and discharging after the target electric field energy is reached; and a switch voltage stabilizing circuit used for adjusting the discharging output voltage of the energy storage capacitor, realizing constant voltage power supply for the rear-end load. The application can reduce the charging and discharging fault risk of the surface of the satellite by collecting the particles radiated to the satellite and controllably transferring and utilizing the particles.

This application provides a method for monitoring faults in intermediate joints of 35kV ring network cables in urban rail transit, relating to the field of data processing. In this method, a cable segmentation diagram is constructed, and joint identification nodes and ring network status identifiers are generated. A synchronous observation array is established based on the station to collect transient voltage and current segments to form event evidence packages. Under the same ring network status, a set of propagation operators is constructed, and a virtual playback field is generated through recorrelation and superposition to produce a focused spectrum. Under the same operating context, a reversibility discrimination is performed to screen candidates for saturated critical states. A first focused spectrum and a second focused spectrum are generated, and structural fracture is synchronously checked. Finally, the target joint identification node is located, and the intermediate joint fault monitoring results are output. Implementing the technical solution provided in this application facilitates overcoming the dependence on continuous gradual changes and identifying the electric field reconstruction characteristics caused by space charge trap saturation, thereby improving the accuracy of abrupt degradation judgment.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell is characterized by comprising a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a composite passivation layer and an electron transport layer which are stacked in sequence, the composite passivation layer comprises a tunneling layer and a selective contact passivation layer which are stacked; the selective contact passivation layer is of a discontinuous patterned structure. According to the invention, by arranging the composite passivation layer, an interface between the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer can be optimized, defects are reduced, and non-radiative recombination of carriers is inhibited; the tunneling layer can achieve a comprehensive passivation effect on the perovskite light absorption layer, the interface state density is reduced, the space charge limiting effect established by the selective contact passivation layer of the discontinuous patterned structure promotes longitudinal separation of carriers, the selective transportation of the carriers can be improved, reverse carrier injection is reduced, and the performance of the perovskite light absorption layer is improved. Therefore, the efficiency and the stability of the perovskite solar cell are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of air sterilization and discloses a distributed multi-stage plasma air sterilization system and method applied to a large space, and the distributed multi-stage plasma air sterilization system comprises an air flow channel, multi-stage plasma generation modules distributed in the air flow channel, and a pulse driving circuit, each stage of plasma generation module comprises a dielectric barrier discharge electrode, the pulse driving circuit detects a charge composite waveform in an electrode gap in a pulse fallback stage so as to obtain a displacement current recovery time constant, and the secondary ozone concentration and the space charge characterization quantity in a flow channel are determined according to the deviation between the constant and a recovery reference. According to the invention, the self-limiting feedback of the product is realized by utilizing a discharge physical process, the contradiction between the disinfection yield demand and the ozone safety threshold value in a large-space environment is effectively reconciled, and the energy self-limiting performance is improved. And the operation safety of the distributed system in a complex environment is ensured.

The application relates to a method for evaluating space charge injection characteristics of a polypropylene elastomer blend material for cables. The method comprises: obtaining current information in a to-be-tested sample made of a polypropylene elastomer blend material and sensor signal information of a piezoelectric sensor corresponding to the to-be-tested sample under a preset test condition; determining space charge distribution information according to the sensor signal information; and determining a space charge injection characteristic evaluation result according to the current information and the space charge distribution information. The method can accurately analyze the real injected current based on the current in the to-be-tested sample under the preset test condition, obtain an accurate charge injection rate, accurately analyze the charge transport in the to-be-tested sample by using the charge injection rate, and thus improve the accuracy of the space charge injection characteristic evaluation result.

The invention discloses an electrode device and method for measuring space charges through pressure-electric field-temperature coupling, and the device comprises an upper electrode structure which comprises an upper connecting plate, a conductive bolt, cylindrical ceramic, and an upper electrode terminal; the bottom of the conductive bolt is fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate, and the top of the conductive bolt is provided with radial scales and can be in contact with a fixed surface of an external calibration platform through thread feeding; the lower electrode structure comprises a lower connecting plate, plate-shaped ceramic and a lower electrode terminal; the lower electrode terminal comprises a heating resistance wire; two ends of the high-voltage pulse unit are respectively connected to the upper and lower electrode terminals; the signal collecting and converting unit is connected with the lower electrode terminal; a to-be-tested sample is clamped between the cylindrical ceramic and the plate-shaped ceramic; the upper and lower connecting plates apply stress to a to-be-tested sample through engagement of connecting bolts; and a pressure sensor is arranged between each connecting bolt and the upper connecting plate. The device has the functions of pressure regulation and control and real-time measurement of the thickness of the sample, and can more accurately measure the space charge in the insulating material of the cable accessory.

A photodetector and method of making the same including a semiconductor and a 2D material. The space charge region is located directly at the surface of the semiconductor. A photon with a small wavelength, once it enters the semiconductor, is immediately inside the space charge region in which an electron-hole pair generated by the photon can contribute to a photocurrent. This makes the photodetector an efficient UV detector. Interdigitated oxide structures between the semiconductor and the 2D material further enhance the sensitivity of the photodetector to, for example, UV light.

The application belongs to the technical field of space plasma environment detection, and particularly relates to a device and method for measuring particle composition and incident direction, which comprises: a detection unit array, which is respectively provided with a plurality of independent charge input channels in an inner circumferential direction and an outer circumferential direction; each charge output channel is used for outputting different initial charge pulse signals in the inner circumferential direction and different terminal charge pulse signals in the outer circumferential direction after a space charged particle is incident at an incident angle, and delay and amplification are performed respectively; and a back-end circuit analysis processing module, which is used for obtaining actual time of flight and actual incident azimuth angle time of the charged particle according to different initial pulse signals and terminal pulse signals collected for each charge output channel, obtaining the composition of the charged particle according to the obtained actual time of flight of the charged particle, and obtaining the actual incident azimuth angle of the charged particle according to the actual incident azimuth angle time.

This application provides a simulation system and method for the AC characteristics of vacuum diodes based on a physical information neural network, belonging to the field of numerical simulation technology for electronic devices. The system includes a particle injection module, a particle deposition module, a Poisson equation solving module, an electric field calculation module, and a particle propulsion module. The particle injection module continuously injects electron particles; the particle deposition module maps particle information to a grid and calculates the electron density; the Poisson equation solving module uses a physical information neural network method to solve for the potential distribution based on the electron density; the electric field calculation module obtains the spatial electric field; and the particle propulsion module updates the particle velocity and position, forming a self-consistent coupled simulation. This application achieves continuous and smooth potential solutions through hard constraint embedding of boundary conditions, two-stage optimization, and loss scale adjustment mechanisms, reducing grid dependence and improving computational accuracy and efficiency. It is suitable for numerical simulation of vacuum electronic devices, electron beam systems, and space charge transport problems.

The invention discloses a photoelectric detection structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and a photoelectric sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, the photoelectric detection structure comprises a substrate structure and a laminated structure, the doping concentration of a second doped germanium layer in the laminated structure is not greater than that of a first doped germanium layer, and the doping concentration of the second doped germanium layer is greater than that of the first doped germanium layer in the direction away from the first doped germanium layer. The doping concentration in the second doped germanium layer is gradually reduced; the doping concentration of the third doped germanium layer is not greater than the doping concentration of the first doped germanium layer, and the doping concentration of the third doped germanium layer is gradually increased in the direction away from the first doped germanium layer, so that a symmetric electric field structure of the highly doped contact region, the gradient decreasing layer, the intrinsic absorption layer and the gradient increasing layer is constructed; a built-in electric field with space change is formed, the separation and migration capability of photon-generated carriers is enhanced, meanwhile, space charge accumulation and recombination loss under the high light intensity condition are reduced, and the response speed, quantum efficiency and saturation light current of the device are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a rapid charge supply device for spacecraft pulse charge emission, and belongs to the field of space charging and discharging. The bottom plate is of a plate-shaped structure which is horizontally arranged in the axial direction; the cathode is of a cylindrical structure; the cathodes are in coaxial butt joint; the anode is of a cylinder structure; the anode is coaxially arranged in the inner cavity of the cathode; the root of the anode is butted with the bottom plate; the working medium sleeves the outer wall of the middle part of the anode and is filled between the cathode and the anode; the spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the anode root; one end of the spring is contacted with the bottom plate; one end of the spring contacts with the working medium end face; the insulating assembly is arranged at the opening of the axial head end of the cathode; two poles of the energy compression module are respectively connected with the cathode and the anode; the power supply is connected with the energy compression module to charge the energy compression module; a charge self-consistent cavity is formed on the outer side of the opening of the axial head end of the cathode; when the device is used for spacecraft pulse charge beam output, rapid supply in the pulse is achieved, and the spacecraft is kept electrically neutral in real time.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment testing, and particularly provides a space charge detection device and method based on optical measurement. The space charge detection device based on optical measurement comprises a sensing acquisition array which is uniformly distributed around detected equipment in the circumferential direction, full-surrounding detection of space charges is achieved, collaborative design of four optical detection technologies is adopted, multi-dimensional detection of the space charges is achieved through the complementary effect of Raman scattering, the photoacoustic effect, LIBS and the photoelectric effect, and the detection accuracy of the space charges is improved. The detection limitation of a single technology is made up; according to the space charge detection method based on optical measurement, a space-time synchronization-weight distribution-feature fusion algorithm and a signal-to-noise ratio-based adaptive weight distribution fusion algorithm are adopted, space-time synchronization calibration and Kalman filtering are combined, the problems of space-time inconsistency and random errors of multi-source data are solved, and the precision of data fusion is improved.

A kind of temperature measurement and control device for detecting space charge in extreme temperature environment pilot sample, comprising: original voltage signal measurement loop and sample temperature detection control loop characterized by space charge.This application only uses the original voltage signal characterized by space charge obtained by space charge-acoustic wave-voltage transformation under the excitation of polarization electric field and electric pulse superposition, based on the time delay of peak value in original voltage signal caused by the change of propagation speed of corresponding acoustic wave in different temperature ground electrode after the interface charge of sample / ground electrode, directly determines the actual temperature of sample, so as to realize the direct and accurate measurement of sample temperature without setting temperature sensor of electric signal and optical signal, finally, according to the comparison between actual temperature and set temperature, control the output of cold and hot output source, realize the accurate temperature control of sample.

The application discloses a kind of ultrafast electron pulse pulse width measurement system and measurement method based on time amplification stripe scanning, solve the existing pulse width measurement technology to the pulse width measurement of ultra-short electron pulse, there is the problem of low measurement precision, complex measurement system and high cost when meeting the measurement demand of the length of ultrafast electron pulse beamlet of electron pulse width less than hundred femtosecond;The method of the application utilizes femtosecond order ultrafast electron pulse itself space charge effect and vacuum dispersion effect to occur time broadening effect, and is broadened to picosecond order that can be detected by traditional stripe scanning method, the time broadening amount of electron pulse can be obtained using space-time broadening theory;Ultrafast electron pulse pulse width after broadening is obtained using stripe scanning deflection method, and the pulse width of ultrafast electron pulse can be obtained by inversion;The method of the application can accurately characterize femtosecond order ultrafast electron pulse pulse, and has high time resolution, simple system principle and easy realization.