246 results about "Electrical breakdown" patented technology

Method and apparatus on charges injection using piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism are provided for nonvolatile memory device. The device has a strain source, an injection filter, a tunneling gate, a ballistic gate, a charge storage region, a source, and a drain with a channel defined between the source and drain. The strain source permits piezo-effect in ballistic charges transport to enable the piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism. The injection filter permits transporting of charge carriers of one polarity type from the tunneling gate through the blocking material and the ballistic gate to the charge storage region while blocking the transport of charge carriers of an opposite polarity from the ballistic gate to the tunneling gate. The present invention further provides an energy band engineering method permitting the memory device be operated without suffering from disturbs, from dielectric breakdown, from impact ionization, and from undesirable RC effects.

Electrodynamic ion funnels confine, guide, or focus ions in gases using the Dehmelt potential of oscillatory electric field. New funnel designs operating at or close to atmospheric gas pressure are described. Effective ion focusing at such pressures is enabled by fields of extreme amplitude and frequency, allowed in microscopic gaps that have much higher electrical breakdown thresholds in any gas than the macroscopic gaps of present funnels. The new microscopic-gap funnels are useful for interfacing atmospheric-pressure ionization sources to mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility separation (IMS) stages including differential IMS or FAIMS, as well as IMS and MS stages in various configurations. In particular, “wedge” funnels comprising two planar surfaces positioned at an angle and wedge funnel traps derived therefrom can compress ion beams in one dimension, producing narrow belt-shaped beams and laterally elongated cuboid packets. This beam profile reduces the ion density and thus space-charge effects, mitigating the adverse impact thereof on the resolving power, measurement accuracy, and dynamic range of MS and IMS analyzers, while a greater overlap with coplanar light or particle beams can benefit spectroscopic methods.

Disclosed is a device for preventing withdrawing and inserting of a circuit breaker. The device for preventing withdrawing and inserting of a circuit breaker include: a lead screw is coupled between a carriage and a girder assembly and rotated by an external force to allow a breaker body to be closed or released while the carriage is moved with respect to a cradle, and a braking unit preventing the lead screw for operating when the girder assembly is released from the cradle. In an unstable state in which the girder assembly is not coupled to the cradle, a withdrawal handle is prevented from being inserted into the girder assembly. Therefore, an abnormal withdrawing operation can be prevented, and thus, various safety accidents, a contact resistance and temperature rise, damage to a device due to electrical breakdown can be prevented.

An isolated converter with a reduced size is disclosed. A small-sized multilayer sheet transformer includes a multilayer circuit board composed of a plurality of sheet substrates, coil patterns of primary and secondary coils disposed coaxially on the sheet substrates, and a core member disposed in a coil pattern unit formed of the coil patterns. In this multilayer sheet transformer, a coil pattern formed on the outer surface of the top layer and a coil pattern formed on the outer surface of the bottom layer are for the same coil on either the primary or secondary side. In the case where the coil patterns formed on the outer surfaces of the top and bottom layers of the multilayer sheet transformer are for the primary coil, an isolation gap is formed between the multilayer sheet transformer and a circuit on the secondary side to prevent an electrical breakdown between the primary and secondary sides. In the case where the coil patterns formed on the outer surfaces of the top and bottom layers of the multilayer sheet transformer are for the secondary coil, an isolation gap is formed between the multilayer sheet transformer and a circuit on the primary side to prevent an electrical breakdown between the primary and secondary sides.

Proposed is a showerhead-cooler system of a semiconductor-processing chamber with uniform distribution of plasma density. The showerhead has a plurality of through gas holes that are coaxial with respective channels of the gas-feeding cooler plate. On the gas inlet side, the though passages of the showerhead are provided with unequal conical nozzles characterized by a central angle that decreases from the peripheral part of the showerhead to the showerhead center. Such design provides uniformity of plasma density. Furthermore, in order to protect the walls of the nozzle and the walls of the gas holes from erosion that may be caused by the hollow-cathode phenomenon, these areas are coated with a thin protective coating that is resistant to electrical breakdown and chemical corrosion.