The invention discloses an intelligent detection device of defects of a mobile phone outer shell based on machine vision. The device comprises a transmitting device, detection systems, a degraded product unit and a computer; the transmitting device comprises two transmitting strips and a diversion air cylinder; each detection system respectively detects the frontage side, the left side, the rightside, the front side and the rear side of the mobile phone outer shell; each detection system comprises an illumination unit and an image collecting unit; the illumination unit illuminates one side of the outer shell of the mobile phone, and the image collecting unit photographs; collected image signals are transmitted to the computer; the computer recognizes the degraded mobile outer shell, and transmits the serial numbers of the mobile outer shell with defects to a degraded product rejecting unit; and the degraded product rejecting unit rejects the mobile phone outer shell with defects. According to the invention, defects such as scratches, burr, discoloration, dent, bubbles of the mobile phone outer shell can be detected, the degraded products are separated automatically, and the device has the characteristics of intelligence, high efficiency, stability and high accuracy.