551 results about "Diffusion function" patented technology

Digital focusing method and apparatus in an image processing system, for digitally focusing an out-of-focus image, are provided. A defocused image is divided into sub-images of a predetermined size. An edge direction of each of the divided sub-images is estimated. Step responses with respect to the respective edge directions are calculated. A mean step response is obtained by averaging a predetermined number of the step responses. Point Spread Function (PSF) coefficients are obtained using the mean step response. An image blur transfer function is obtained using the PSF coefficients. An image restoration transfer function is obtained using the image blur transfer function. An original in-focused image is obtained by multiplying the image restoration transfer function by the defocused image in a frequency domain. Thus, an image can be restored in real time, and the size and weight of the image processing system can be reduced.

A 3-D depth camera system, such as in a motion capture system, tracks an object such as a human in a field of view using an illuminator, where the field of view is illuminated using multiple diffracted beams. An image sensing component obtains an image of the object using a phase mask according to a double-helix point spread function, and determines a depth of each portion of the image based on a relative rotation of dots of light of the double-helix point spread function. In another aspect, dual image sensors are used to obtain a reference image and a phase-encoded image. A relative rotation of features in the images can be correlated with a depth. Depth information can be obtained using an optical transfer function of a point spread function of the reference image.

A LCD device includes first and second LCD panels stacked one on another. Each of the first and second LCD panels includes a pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, and a pair of polarizing films sandwiching therebetween the pair of transparent substrates. A light diffusion layer having light diffusion function is interposed between the first LCD panel and the second LCD panel. The light diffusion layer reduces the intensity of the light passed by the first LCD panel, thereby alleviating the periodicity of the arrangement of dark areas and bright areas to alleviate the moire caused by light interference.

A novel optical ruler based on ultrahigh-resolution colocalization of single fluorescent probes is described. Two unique families of fluorophores are used, namely energy-transfer fluorescent beads and semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) quantum dots, that can be excited by a single laser wavelength but emit at different wavelengths. A novel multicolor sample-scanning confocal microscope was constructed which allows one to image each fluorescent light emitter, free of chromatic aberrations, by scanning the sample with nanometer scale steps using a piezo-scanner. The resulting spots are accurately localized by fitting them to the known shape of the excitation point-spread-function of the microscope.

A blur correction camera system includes a blur correction lens driven based upon the vibration detection signal detected by an angular velocity sensor, that corrects an image blur, a point-image function computing unit that computes a point spread function, and an image restoration computing unit that corrects an image blur by executing image restoration through image processing on a captured image by using the point spread function. The image blur that cannot be completely corrected by the blur correction lens is further corrected through image restoration so as to obtain a high quality image.

The present invention relates to an image pre-processing method for a pattern detection system, such as a bar code detection system. The method comprises the steps of: detecting a start point and an end point of a pattern on the basis of image data of at least a portion of a captured image, estimating a point spread function from the image data or a modified image data on the basis of the detected start point and the end point, and restoring the image data or the modified image data using the estimated point spread function.

The temperature distribution associated with a design of an integrated circuit is calculated by convoluting a surface power usage represented by a power matrix with a heat spreading function. The heat spreading function may be calculated from a simulation of a point source on the integrated circuit using a finite element analysis model of the integrated circuit or other techniques. To account for spatial variations on the chip, the heat spreading function may be made dependent on position using a position scaling function. Steady-state or transient temperature distributions may be computed by using a steady-state or transient heat spreading function. A single heat spreading function may be convolved with various alternative power maps to efficiently calculate temperature distributions for different designs. In an inverse problem, one can calculate the power map from an empirically measured temperature distribution and a heat spreading function using various de-convolution techniques. While the forward problem is analogous to image blurring, the inverse problem is analogous to image restoration.

A method is disclosed for modifying an iterated block cipher by controlling the operations and transformations that cause diffusion. In one embodiment which is applicable to any iterated block cipher (12), a diffusion function (10), during encryption, is selected based on a parameter which measures the order of permutation of the diffusion function (10) and applies the diffusion function (10) to the encryption routine (12). The user chooses the required amount of diffusion for a given block of plaintext (11). The plaintext (11) is then encrypted using the modified diffusion function (10) to produce a ciphertext (14) which is then sent over a communications channel (16) which may be noisy. At the receiving end (18) of the communications channel (16), the received ciphertext (20), which now may be corrupted by bit errors, is passed through an iterated block cipher decryption routine (22) using the same diffusion function (10) selected earlier during encryption. In a second embodiment, the SCOPE method is applied to the DES encryption and decryption standard. The expansion bits (82) of DES are replaced with a minicipher (98a-98n), and the DES standard permutation box (88) is replaced with a permutation box (104a-104n) modified according to a user-specified order of permutation. In a third embodiment, the SCOPE method is applied to the AES encryption and decryption standard. In the SCOPE-enhanced version of AES, diffusion is controlled by altering the diffusion of the “MixColumn” or “InvMixColumn” transformation based on its branch number and by changing the number of shifts in the “ShiftRow” or “InvShfitRow” transformations.

An image resolution conversion method and apparatus based on a projection onto convex sets (POCS) method are provided. The image resolution conversion method comprises detecting an edge region and a direction of the edge region in an input low-resolution image frame in order to generate an edge map and edge direction information, generating a directional point spread function based on the edge map and the edge direction information, interpolating the input low-resolution image frame into a high-resolution image frame, generating a residual term based on the input low-resolution image frame, the high-resolution image frame, and the directional point spread function, and renewing the high-resolution image frame according to a result of comparing the residual term with a threshold.

The present invention relates to two new wave field microscopes, type I and type II, which are distinguished by the fact that they each have an illumination and excitation system, which include at least one real and one virtual illumination source, and at least one objective lens (in the case of type II), i.e., two objective lenses (in the case of type I), with the illumination sources and objective lenses being so positioned with respect to one another that they are suited for generating one-, two-, and three-dimensional standing wave fields in the object space. The calibration method in accordance with the present invention is adapted to this wave field microscopy and permits geometric distance measurements between fluorochrome-labeled object structures, whose distance can be less than the width at half maximum intensity of the effective point spread function. The invention relates moreover to a method of wave-field microscopic DNA sequencing.

An instrument to acquire and methods to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images from a series of two-dimensional (2D) images which are obtained without moving the relative positions of the target, the detector, or the focusing lens is disclosed. The 2D images consist of one centered image obtained with the aperture at the center of optical system, and at least two directional images obtained with apertures at off-axis locations. The images can be obtained simultaneously or sequentially. The blurred 2D images are sectioned by computational method using point spread function of the optical system resulting in a set of decoupled 2D layers of the 3D object. The layered images are then sharpened by deconvolution using point spread function. The 3D reconstructed image is displayed. This technique provides fast data acquisition and fast image reconstruction and eliminates problems associated with motion, phototoxicity and photobleaching.

Generating a multispectral or hyperspectral image of an image source with an optical system having an adjustable, wavenumber-dependent point spread function, by collecting panchromatic images of the image source, each of which corresponds to a selected point spread function and includes a measured intensity data set corresponding to a range of wavelengths, transforming the panchromatic images into the spatial frequency domain by using a Fourier transform, solving a matrix equation at each spatial frequency, in which a vector of the transformed panchromatic images is equal to the product of a predetermined matrix of discrete weighting coefficients and a vector representing a wavenumber content of the image source at each spatial frequency, resulting in a determined wavenumber content of the image source in the spatial frequency domain, and inverse transforming the determined wavenumber content of the image source from the spatial frequency domain into the image domain, resulting in the multispectral or hyperspectral image.

An image deblurring method for camera-based document image processing is described. A document image captured by a digital camera is divided into multiple overlapping or non-overlapping sub-images. A point spread function is derived for each sub-image by analyzing the gradient information along edges contained in the sub-image. Each sub-image is deblurred by using its local point-spread function. The whole deblurred image is constructed from deblurred sub-images. In cases where information of interest is located in localized parts of the document image, dividing the image into sub-images may be done by extracting the area of interest from the captured image. This deblurring method improves the quality of the deblurred image when the camera-captured image is blurred by variable amount of location-dependent defocus.

The lens includes a plurality of lens layers, each lens layer being axi-symmetric and having an extended depth of focus to focus light in a corresponding section of a focal curve in the form of a straight line located on an optical axis. In the optical system, light is focused on an optical axis to obtain a clear image in a wide distance range between a camera and an object. The optical system has a point spread function that is simpler and more symmetric. That is, the optical system provides improved continuity of a lens surface and easiness and flexibility in optical designing.

Apparatus and methods are provided that employ one or more of a variety of techniques for reducing the time required to display high resolution images on a high dynamic range display having a light source layer and a display layer. In one technique, the image resolution is reduced, an effective luminance pattern is determined for the reduced resolution image, and the resolution of the effective luminance pattern is then increased to the resolution of the display layer. In another technique, the light source layer's point spread function is decomposed into a plurality of components, and an effective luminance pattern is determined for each component. The effective luminance patterns are then combined to produce a total effective luminance pattern. Additional image display time reduction techniques are provided.