69results about How to "Reliable detection" patented technology

This invention discloses an interface anomaly detection circuit and a charger. The interface anomaly detection circuit includes: a pull-up module connected between a voltage source and a configuration signal line; a pull-down module connected between the configuration signal line and a reference ground; a control module configured to control the on / off state of a first loop between the pull-up module and the configuration signal line, control the on / off state of a second loop between the pull-down module and the configuration signal line, and output a first switching signal or a second switching signal; and a detection module for acquiring a sampled voltage of the configuration signal line and, in response to the first switching signal or the second switching signal, determining whether parasitic capacitance or short-circuit resistance caused by moisture intrusion exists on the configuration signal line based on the sampled voltage. Through this method, this invention can reliably detect interface moisture intrusion at a low circuit cost and avoids altering the interface structure to affect signal transmission.

The invention belongs to the technical field of heat transfer pipe inner hole clamping mechanisms, and discloses a heat transfer pipe inner hole clamping mechanism capable of being quickly replaced, which comprises a clamping jaw module, a driving module and a clamping jaw mounting seat, the clamping jaw module is provided with a clamping jaw shell, a clamping jaw, a sliding block sleeve, a sliding block inner column and a clamping jaw baffle block; the driving module is provided with a lifting air cylinder, a telescopic air cylinder, a tensioning air cylinder and a tensioning air cylinder bottom cover, the telescopic air cylinder is arranged in the lifting air cylinder and can move up and down, the tensioning air cylinder is arranged in the telescopic air cylinder and can move up and down, the tensioning air cylinder bottom cover is installed below the tensioning air cylinder, the tensioning air cylinder is provided with a tensioning piston, and the tensioning piston is used for pushing the sliding block inner column. The clamping jaw module is installed on the clamping jaw installation base, and the clamping jaw installation base is connected with the tensioning air cylinder. The robot can adapt to heat transfer pipes with different hole diameters, multiple actual working conditions such as fixed installation and passive rotation are supported, and the clamping reliability, adaptability and maintenance efficiency of the steam generator heat transfer pipe maintenance robot in the complex environment are improved.

This invention discloses a magnetic solid-phase extraction method for detecting trace amounts of glucocorticoids in hydrophilic media, belonging to the field of sample pretreatment and chromatographic analysis technology. The method includes: adjusting the pH of a hydrophilic medium sample containing glucocorticoids and adding an ionic strength modifier to obtain a pretreated sample; mixing a magnetic covalent organic framework-based composite nanomaterial with the pretreated sample and performing oscillatory extraction under a dynamic gradient magnetic field to adsorb the glucocorticoids onto the material surface; separating the material adsorbed with glucocorticoids using an external magnetic field and discarding the supernatant; performing ultrasonic-assisted elution of the material using an elution solvent and collecting the eluent; and detecting the eluent using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DID) and calculating the glucocorticoid concentration based on a standard curve.

The invention relates to the technical field of feed trays, and discloses a novel feed tray detection device, which comprises an adjustable bracket used for mounting and supporting the detection device and avoiding a vibration source; the connecting support and the adjustable support are installed in a hinged mode, the connecting support is used for adjusting the detection angle of the detection device, a mounting plate is installed on one side of the connecting support, and the relative height of the mounting plate and the connecting support is adjustable; the pendulum component is arranged on the side surface of the mounting plate and is rotationally connected with the mounting plate; according to the invention, the problems of unstable material quantity and high alarm rate caused by similar colors and different heights of products in traditional optical fiber detection are comprehensively solved through a plurality of adjusting structures (the adjusting pipe has multiple gears, and the angle and height of the connecting bracket are adjustable) and different state designs (vertical / inclined / universal ball structures) of the pendulum component, and the production efficiency is effectively improved.

This invention relates to the field of pose analysis technology, and discloses a method, system, terminal, and storage medium for human body localization and pose estimation based on spatial fingerprint tensors. The method includes: acquiring the target's original echo signal data and performing near-field spherical wave modeling to construct a spatial fingerprint tensor; performing feature decomposition on the spatial fingerprint tensor to extract various features; using these features, performing human target detection and localization through a lightweight tensor network classifier to distinguish between human and non-human targets; for detected human targets, further analyzing the spatiotemporal variation pattern of their spatial fingerprint tensor; and combining this with a human kinematic model to estimate the human pose. This invention abandons the traditional process of first generating point clouds, directly using the original echo signal to construct a spatial fingerprint tensor, achieving accurate localization of human targets through tensor decomposition and feature extraction, using polarization scattering features to distinguish human body materials, and combining micro-motion features to reliably detect human bodies, reducing false alarms.

The application belongs to the technical field of transformer fault identification and maintenance, and particularly relates to an integrated online monitoring system based on early diagnosis of power station transformer faults; a UAV stabilizes flight to the position of power equipment through a UAV flight stabilization module to perform video shooting, and the video is transmitted to a deep learning power equipment fault identification platform in real time; the deep learning power equipment fault identification platform analyzes and processes the transmitted video, and in combination with the data of the power equipment sensor, judges the fault cause of the power equipment, and transmits the judgment result data to a fault maintenance unit; the fault maintenance unit checks and maintains in combination with the transmitted judgment result data; a terminal data display screen displays the running data of the power equipment in real time; a power equipment independent database retains and updates the running data of the power equipment; not only is the UAV introduced to form unique flight for the power equipment, but also a new identification technology is introduced for the fault of the power equipment as an auxiliary means.

The photovoltaic three-phase test system and the photovoltaic three-phase test method provided by the invention have the advantages that the operation is simple, reliable detection on three-phase grid-connected and off-grid control equipment can be realized, and the test efficiency is high; comprising a power supply detection module which is connected between a mains supply and a power grid leading-out terminal of a detected product and is configured to perform contact mechanical detection operation so as to realize switching of a power supply mode and a working mode of the detected product; the working mode comprises a grid-connected mode and an off-grid mode; the inversion detection display module is connected with the inversion leading-out end of the tested product and the power supply detection module, and is used for testing and displaying the inversion side of the tested product in a grid-connected mode; the load detection display module is connected with the load leading-out end of the tested product and the power supply detection module, and is used for testing and displaying the load side of the tested product in a grid-connected mode; and the off-grid detection module is connected with the load leading-out end of the tested product and the power supply detection module, and is used for testing and displaying the load side of the tested product in an off-grid mode.

The invention relates to the technical field of high-altitude operation machinery, and discloses a sliding block abrasion detection method for an arm support device, a sliding block abrasion detection device for the arm support device and high-altitude operation machinery, and the sliding block abrasion detection method comprises the steps: obtaining a relation database of the knuckle arm deflection curve rotation angle of the arm support device and the sliding block thickness; determining that the rotating knuckle arm is in a horizontal state; the boom device is controlled to execute extension operation, so that the telescopic knuckle arm is in a full-extension posture; acquiring an actual deflection curve corner value of the telescopic knuckle arm; determining a total thickness predicted value of the sliding block assembly according to the actual deflection curve corner value and the relational database; and calculating a wear degree detection value of the sliding block assembly based on the total thickness initial value and the total thickness predicted value of the sliding block assembly. The sliding block abrasion detection method for the arm support device is simple and easy to implement, and the abrasion degree detection value of the sliding block assembly on the arm support device can be rapidly, stably and reliably obtained.

The invention discloses an intelligent social assistance device, system and method and wearable equipment. The intelligent social assistance device (1000) comprises: a sensing module (1100) configured to collect in real time at least one kind of social related information among exchange object information, environmental information, and user's own information; the intelligent processing module (1200) is configured to generate social auxiliary information based on the social related information collected by the sensing module (1100) in real time; and a social assistance information presentation module (1300) configured to present the social assistance information to the user in a hidden manner. The intelligent social auxiliary device (1000) further comprises a communication module (1400) for establishing a communication connection with an external terminal device, another similar device or a remote server. According to the method and the system, situational and personalized social assistance can be realized.

The invention discloses an identification method and related equipment for rapidly identifying a multi-modulus seed magnetic island, and relates to the field of magnetic confinement fusion plasma diagnosis. Wherein at least one group is used for switching observed circumferential positions in different time sequence segments through a waveguide switch in the quasi-optical transmission module. The method comprises the following steps: synchronously acquiring electronic temperature signals of two groups of microwave measurement subsystems at the same radial channel in a time sequence segment corresponding to different annular phase differences, carrying out time averaging on the electronic temperature signals, and judging and identifying a seed magnetic island corresponding to an annular modulus based on the same radial temperature difference and normalization, and further extracting a flat region based on the distribution of the electron temperature along with the radial channel to determine the width and the boundary position of the magnetic island. According to the invention, the rapid distinguishing and high-precision positioning of a plurality of annular modulus seed magnetic islands can be realized without adding extra detection channels.

The present application relates to the field of computer vision and industrial detection technology, and particularly relates to a dynamic collaborative rendering industrial surface defect detection method, system, device and medium, the method comprising the following steps: acquiring multi-view point cloud data and high-resolution color image sequences of a defect-free standard part; constructing a high-precision global dense point cloud under an absolute world coordinate system; generating a Mesh model and a 3DGS model under the world coordinate system; online collecting a two-dimensional image of a workpiece to be detected, performing two-dimensional anomaly preliminary screening based on the two-dimensional image, locking a suspected defect area, and extracting a two-dimensional bounding box of the suspected defect area; calculating a global defect probability, dynamically scheduling the Mesh model and / or the 3DGS model based on the global defect probability to render the image to be detected collected in the current frame, and outputting a hybrid rendering reference image; performing consistency checking on the hybrid rendering reference image, and obtaining a final detection result. The method reduces the calculation cost and improves the defect detection accuracy.

The invention discloses an automatically-adjusted workpiece clamping system and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of machining, clamping and positioning. The system comprises a clamp base, a lineation detection unit, an image acquisition unit, a hydraulic adjustment unit and a control unit. The hydraulic adjusting unit comprises hydraulic cylinder sets in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction, the two hydraulic cylinders in the Z direction are communicated through a hydraulic communicating device to form linkage, the two hydraulic cylinders in the Z direction and the other two hydraulic cylinders jointly form a three-point supporting structure, and the over-positioning problem of four-point supporting is solved. The control unit carries out processing and feature extraction on the image, calculates the six-degree-of-freedom deviation of the workpiece, calculates the adjustment amount of each hydraulic cylinder according to the deviation and controls the hydraulic cylinders to act. The system realizes closed-loop automatic adjustment of the position of the workpiece by cyclically executing the detection and adjustment process until the six-degree-of-freedom deviation is within the allowable range. Automation and high precision of large workpiece clamping and positioning are achieved, and the device is suitable for precise positioning of large heavy workpieces such as train chassis.

The application discloses a kind of gas-liquid two-phase leakage ultrasonic safety detection method and device, it is related to mechanical engineering and nondestructive testing technical field, the method includes: deployment multichannel ultrasonic sensor array;Dynamic noise baseline based on adaptive Gaussian mixture model is constructed;Extract amplitude attenuation rate, center frequency offset and other multidimensional acoustic characteristics and calculate difference vector;Combining dynamic threshold and multi-probe time delay-amplitude information carries out leakage preliminary judgment and positioning;Through convolution-long short-term memory hybrid neural network, identify leakage mode and implement three-level risk early warning according to leakage rate.The system is composed of multichannel ultrasonic sensor array, signal processing module, feature extraction unit, positioning solution module and intelligent early warning engine.The application can realize high sensitivity detection, strong working condition adaptability, accurate positioning and quantification and closed-loop intelligent response, significantly improve the intrinsic safety level of gas-liquid two-phase flow system.

In order to improve the molding process for composite parts, the present invention proposes a system for detecting a solidification and / or flow front in a molding apparatus. The system comprises a mold part, a sensor device (22) and a control unit. The mold part has a molding surface (14) configured to come into contact with a preform (16) to be infused with resin. The sensor device (22) is arranged within the mold part and comprises a sensor element (24) extending in a longitudinal direction. The sensor element (24) is arranged at least partially below the molding surface (14) in the mold part such that the sensor element (24) can interact with the resin and / or the preform (16), e.g. via an electric field. The control unit is configured to control the sensor element (24) in order to detect the solidification and / or flow front based on an interaction, such as a change of the electric field, due to the flow or solidification of the resin.

The utility model discloses a kind of leak detection device and switch machine, leak detection device includes device shell, gas circuit control module and electrical control module;Device shell is provided with gas circuit control module and electrical control module;Gas circuit control module, the shell inner cavity of the external device needing to carry out leakage position detection is connected, for the air input of this external device shell inner cavity, so that external device shell inner cavity air pressure becomes positive air pressure;Electrical control module is connected with gas circuit control module, for gas circuit control module provides working electricity, and display the power supply state of gas circuit control module, and control to open or close gas circuit control module;External device is immersed in water.The utility model design science, can efficiently, reliably detect the leakage site of switch machine (specifically sealed switch machine) etc. external device, significantly improve the daily detection maintenance efficiency of switch machine, have great practical significance.

By providing a system and method capable of easily grasping an abnormality that can occur in a partition wall for aseptic filling, maintenance costs of an aseptic filling device are suppressed, and productivity is helped to be improved. The partition wall abnormality detection system is provided with: an aseptic area in which discharge portions of respective filling valves are located; a non-aseptic area; a functional unit selected from at least one of a plurality of closure devices, a plurality of filling valves, and a plurality of head caps; and a medium supply portion configured to supply a detection medium for detecting a related abnormality of a partition wall included in the functional unit to the plurality of functional units. A closed space constituted by the partition wall retains the detection medium supplied by the medium supply portion in the absence of an abnormality and causes the detection medium to leak in the presence of an abnormality.

This application discloses a testing device for dental floss picks, including a base, a testing base, a clamp, a lifting seat, and a moving module. The testing base is fixed to the end face of the base, the lifting seat and the moving module are disposed on the base, the clamp is mounted on the lifting seat, and the lifting seat and the moving module are connected. The testing base includes a first sliding seat and a second sliding seat, each with a dental mold fixed on it. The two dental molds are arranged opposite each other and form a tooth gap. The clamp has a clamping groove. The lifting seat drives the clamp to move vertically, so that the floss end of the dental floss pick is positioned and enters the tooth gap with contact pressure, contacting at least one dental mold surface. The moving module drives the dental floss pick to perform linear reciprocating motion in the horizontal direction, so that the floss located in the tooth gap performs reciprocating frictional motion on the contact surface of the dental mold. The testing device for dental floss picks provided by this application can detect the multi-directional dynamic friction and wear of dental floss during use, effectively improving the accuracy of the detection.

The utility model provides a sensor arrangement structure for a wireless charging foreign matter detection device, which can enable the arrangement of sensors to be relatively dense, does not affect the line arrangement, and further ensures the accuracy and reliability of foreign matter detection. The flexible circuit board comprises a flexible circuit board assembly which comprises at least one flexible circuit board body; and a plurality of flexible sensors. Two groups of flexible sensor arrays are respectively arranged on two different surfaces of the flexible circuit board assembly, a flexible transmission rod of each group of flexible sensor array is respectively connected to a signal collection end of the flexible circuit board assembly through an outgoing line and a data collection line, and the two groups of flexible sensor arrays are respectively and independently arranged corresponding to different area positions.

The application discloses a roll-to-roll high-uniformity coating method for a flexible circuit board reinforcing piece, relates to the technical field of reinforcing piece coating, and comprises the following steps: after the coating of the strip is completed, a corresponding gray-scale line scanning image of the strip coating is collected to obtain line scanning image data; adaptive image preprocessing is carried out based on the line scanning image data, and a normal gray-scale range of the strip coating is adaptively obtained to obtain normal gray-scale range information; binarization processing is carried out on the line scanning image data according to the normal gray-scale range information, and defect information in the image is obtained to obtain coating defect information; uniformity judgment is carried out on the strip coating, corresponding early warning and re-coating are carried out, and the application is used to solve the problem that the existing reinforcing piece coating technology cannot adaptively set a reliable threshold range through the line scanning image of the strip coating to reliably detect coating defects when the uniformity of the coating of the reinforcing piece on the strip is detected.

The utility model discloses a joint type ultrasonic wave probe device, include: hand held pole, probe, it includes casing, piezoelectric wafer, cable, joint subassembly, it includes a pair of through -hole, its corresponding setting is on the lateral wall of casing, shaft pipe, it is through a pair of through -hole and is set in the casing, filler, it fills around the shaft pipe in the casing, elastic ring, it is the open ring of one end, and the opening of one end of elastic ring's two arms is rotatable and is clamped into two ends of the shaft pipe, the connecting piece is one long strip shape piece body, and one end of connecting piece is connected to the front end of hand held pole, and the other end of connecting piece is connected with the other end of elastic ring and sets up. The utility model provides joint type ultrasonic wave probe device, through hand held pole and sends to the probe of the surface to be detected, through joint subassembly can be adaptive surface to be detected's position and angle, make the detection can be reliably carried out, and then effectively improve the coupling effect of flaw detection contact surface and surface to be detected.

A refrigerating chamber is formed in a refrigerator container, a drawer frame body is arranged in the refrigerating chamber, a drawer cavity with an opening in the front side is formed in the drawer frame body, a first connector is arranged on the wall of the drawer frame body, a vacuum drawer is arranged in the drawer cavity, and a pressure detection device is detachably arranged on the wall of the drawer frame body. The pressure detection device is connected with the first interface through a first pipeline, the pressure detection device is configured to detect the pressure in the drawer cavity, the pressure detection device feeds back a signal when detecting that the pressure in the drawer cavity is 0.7-0.92 atm, and the pressure detection device is a diaphragm mechanical pressure switch. The scheme can improve the pressure detection reliability of the vacuum drawer and improve the production efficiency.

The invention discloses a high-maneuvering low-speed target take-off and landing process parameterization detection method based on a common inductance signal. The method comprises the steps that a motion model of an aircraft in the take-off and landing stage is built, and a formula modeling result is obtained; obtaining distances and speeds of a plurality of suspicious targets; designing a band-pass filter in a Doppler domain to obtain an LVD result, calculating Doppler frequency information of the target, and obtaining accelerations of a plurality of suspicious targets; calculating retroreflection coefficients of the plurality of suspicious targets based on a radar antenna design principle; based on array antenna arrangement of a sensing system, obtaining space angles of a plurality of suspicious targets, and determining the space position of each suspicious target by combining the distances of the plurality of suspicious targets; and a detection module based on physical characteristics of the moving target is utilized to screen out an aircraft target according to respective threshold ranges of the speed, the acceleration, the retroreflection coefficient and the spatial position of the target. According to the invention, the detection capability of a low-speed and high-maneuverability moving target in a low signal-clutter-noise ratio environment is improved.

The application discloses a detection system and method for a thyristor of a power module of a converter valve. The system comprises a charging module, a resonance module, a control module and a power module. The control module comprises a triggering unit, a current detection unit and a control unit. The power module comprises a thyristor unit and a power unit. The charging module is used for charging the resonance module. The resonance module is used for providing a resonance current to the power module. The triggering unit is used for triggering the thyristor unit to conduct when an overcurrent fault occurs in the power module. The current detection unit comprises a first current detection unit and a second current detection unit. The first current detection unit is arranged between the resonance module and the power module and is used for detecting the resonance current output by the resonance module. The second current detection unit is arranged on a branch of the thyristor unit and is used for detecting the current flowing through the thyristor unit. The control unit is used for judging whether the thyristor unit is normal according to the resonance current output by the resonance module and the current flowing through the thyristor unit.

The application discloses a specific gene target for detecting burkholderia pseudomallei and application, and relates to the field of pathogenic microorganism molecular detection technology.The technical solution points are as follows: the application provides a specific gene target for detecting burkholderia pseudomallei, and the gene sequence of the specific gene target is shown in SEQ ID NO.1.A corresponding LAMP detection system is constructed based on the specific gene target.Both the specific gene target and the LAMP detection system are suitable for laboratory fluorescence detection platforms, on-site rapid detection platforms, integrated reagent kits or POCT detection systems.The application can significantly improve the species specificity and accuracy of burkholderia pseudomallei molecular detection, and reduce the risk of misjudgment.Meanwhile, the application lays a foundation for constructing a rapid detection system with high sensitivity and high specificity, and helps to meet the application requirements of early clinical diagnosis, public health monitoring and on-site rapid screening.

The invention discloses a polarization characteristic-based inter-satellite scattering mutual interference detection method, which comprises the following steps of: synchronously dividing an echo matrix of a cross polarization channel and an echo matrix of a co-polarization channel of a satellite-borne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) in a dual-polarization mode into a plurality of echo matrix blocks along an azimuth direction, and on the basis of an incoherent accumulation result and a relative entropy, carrying out inter-satellite scattering mutual interference detection on the echo matrix blocks; determining echo matrix blocks containing MTSI interference, and calculating the energy of each row; clustering the pulses based on energy, screening out interference pulses containing MTSI, and generating an initial interference mask; constructing a polarizability index sequence for each interference pulse containing the MTSI; according to the polarizability index sequence, positioning an area where the MTSI interference is located in each MTSI-containing interference pulse based on a self-adaptive threshold value; and according to positioning results of all MTSI interferences, updating the initial interference mask to obtain a final time domain interference mask, and completing interference detection. According to the invention, high-precision positioning of MTSI interference in spaceborne SAR echo data can be realized, and improvement of the anti-interference capability of a spaceborne SAR system is facilitated.

The invention relates to a motor vehicle lock, in particular a motor vehicle door lock, preferably a motor vehicle side door lock. The motor vehicle lock is designed in its basic structure with a locking mechanism (1, 2) which mainly comprises a locking bolt (1) and at least one pawl (2) as locking mechanism components (1, 2). Furthermore, at least one sensor (3, 4) for inquiring the position of the locking bolt (1) and / or the pawl (2) is provided. According to the invention, at least two differently designed sensors (3, 4) are provided, wherein a sensor (3) with diagnostic capability is designed for a function-sensitive detection and a sensor (4) without diagnostic capability is designed for a function-independent detection.

The present application relates to a sheet bonding position test device and a sheet bonding position test method, comprising a product positioning mechanism and a position detection mechanism, the product positioning mechanism comprising a jig device and a first mounting bracket device, the jig device being used for carrying and positioning the measured product and making the second sheet surface of the measured product face upward, the first mounting bracket device being used for mounting the jig device, the position detection mechanism comprising a distance measuring device, a visual detection device and a second mounting bracket device, the distance measuring device being arranged above the measured product and being used for measuring the distance between the second sheet surface of the measured product, and the visual detection device being arranged above the measured product and being used for collecting the image of the second sheet surface of the measured product. Through the detection of the position after the sheet bonding, when the glue layer thickness is not uniform due to the rheology of the glue, the unqualified products can be checked out in time and prevented from flowing into the market.

The utility model discloses an overload detection device suitable for motor transmission, which comprises a driving unit, a bidirectional force sensor and a signal processing unit, and is characterized in that the driving unit comprises a power output shaft connected with an equipment main body and a power source for driving the power output shaft; one end of the bidirectional force sensor is connected with a stress structure of a power source through a first force transmission mechanism, the other end of the bidirectional force sensor is connected with an equipment body through a second force transmission mechanism, and the signal processing unit is configured to generate an overload signal based on a force signal output by the bidirectional force sensor. Two-way detection of tension and pressure is supported through the two-way force sensor, jamming of the cargo carrying table can be monitored, jamming of the balance weight can also be detected, and the device is suitable for various complex working conditions.

The application discloses a gastric cancer anaplasia early diagnosis kit based on an exosome miRNA-432-5p expression level, which comprises real-time quantitative PCR amplification primers of Hsa-miR-432-5p. Peripheral blood of a gastric cancer patient without diagnosed anaplasia is collected, plasma is obtained through centrifugation, exosome RNA in the plasma is extracted, miRNA in the exosome RNA is reversely transcribed into cDNA as a template, the content of Hsa-miR-432-5p in the plasma exosome is detected through real-time quantitative PCR, and thus important reference for predicting gastric cancer anaplasia is provided.

The application belongs to the technical field of biological detection, and aims at solving the single color change mode and poor sensitivity of the current ELISA kit, and provides CMO nano-oxidase, a CMO-OVA-MC-LR probe, a kit, a preparation method and application thereof.The CMO nano-oxidase is a raspberry-shaped Co-doped Mn3O4 oxidase, the nano-oxidase is a two-heterojunction CMO of Co3O4 and Mn3O4 synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method, and the particle size is 110-140 nm.The detection limit of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit constructed by the application for microcystin LR (MC-LR) is 0.505 ng / mL, and the quantitative range is 0.195-100 ng / mL.Benefiting from the strong catalytic activity and good biocompatibility of the nano-enzyme, the label and signal response mode open up a new way for the sensitivity improvement of the immunosensor determination, and are conducive to further expanding the application of the immunosensor.