The invention relates to an elevator health management and maintenance system based on the Internet of things and a collection and assessment method, wherein the elevator health management and maintenance system based on the Internet of things comprises a perception layer, a network layer and an application layer which are sequentially communicated through a network, the perception layer performs communication with the network layer by a VPN (virtual private network) or M2M (machine-to-machine), and the perception layer comprises a plurality of elevator data collection terminals which are respectively correspondingly arranged on a plurality of elevator controllers and have the same structure; the network layer comprises a cloud computing platform, a management center of the Internet of things and a GPRS (general packet radio service), 3G (third generation) and 4G (fourth generation) network management system; and the application layer comprises an elevator mass data processing module, an elevator health assessment module and an elevator intelligent maintenance module which are sequentially connected. The elevator health management and maintenance system disclosed by the invention can support large-scale elevator health monitoring and maintenance, is favorable for reducing the elevator maintenance cost and improving the elevator maintenance efficiency, and can keep minimal maintenance resource demands in reliability, availability and safety.